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14 An Overview of the Principles and Methods of Repair and Protection from EN 1504-9
16 EN 1504-9
Principle 1: Protection against Ingress
Principle 2: Moisture Control
Principle 3: Concrete Restoration
Principle 4: Strutural Strengthening
Principle 5: Physical Resistance
Principle 6: Chemical Resistance
Principle 7: Preserving or Restoring Passivity
Principle 8: Increasing Resestivity
Principle 9: Cathodic Control
Principle 10: Cathodic Protection
Principle 11: Control of Anodic Areas
52 Examples of Typical Concrete Damage and its Repair and Protection with Sika Systems
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EN 1504 3
CONCRETE REPAIR AND
PROTECTION
With corrosion management in reinforced concrete structures
CE MARKING
The European Standards EN 1504 have been fully implemented since January, 2009. Existing National Standards which have not
been harmonized with the new EN 1504 were withdrawn at the end of 2008 and CE Marking has become mandatory.
All products used for concrete repair and protection now have to be CE marked in accordance with the appropriate part of EN
1504. This CE conformity marking contains the following information – using the example of a concrete repair mortar suitable
for structural use:
CE – Symbol
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CONCRETE REPAIR AND PROTECTION
PROCESS – PROJECT PHASES
In Accordance with European Standard EN 1504-9
1 2 3
Information about the Structure Process of Assessment Management Strategy
A study is carried out at the beginning of In-depth condition survey shall be made of Based on the assessment of the survey,
a project to collect information about the the visible and not readily visible defects the owner has a number of options to be
structure. This may include: of a structure to address the root causes selected while deciding the relevant actions
́́ General condition and history of the damage. This will be used to assess to meet the future requirements
́́ Documentation e.g. calculations, drawings the ability of the structure to perform its of the structure.
and specifications etc. function.
́́ Repair and maintenance schedule For example the repair options can be de-
The survey and its assessment shall only be fined from the following:
This information will provide valuable data carried out by a suitably qualified and expe- ́́ Do nothing or downgrade the capacity
to understand the existing condition of the rienced person. ́́ Prevent or reduce further damage without
structure. repair
In the event of not carrying out any repairs ́́ Repair all or part of the structure
to the concrete structure a qualified Engi- ́́ Reconstruction of all or part of the struc-
neer may give an estimation of the remain- ture
ing service life. ́́ Demolition
The aim of a concrete survey is to identify Important factors when considering these
defects. options:
́́ Types of defects to the concrete ́́ Intended design life following repair and
– Mechanical protection
– Chemical ́́ Required durability or performance
– Physical ́́ Safety issues during repair works
́́ Defects in concrete due to reinforcement ́́ Possibility of further repair works in the
corrosion future including access and maintenance
́́ Consequences and likelihood of structural
failure
́́ Consequences and likelihood of partial
failure
And environmentally:
́́ Protection from sun, rain, frost, wind, salt
and/or other pollutants during the works
́́ Environmental impact of/or restrictions on
the works in progress
́́ Noise and dust pollution
́́ Time needed to carry out the work etc.
Future maintenance:
Any future inspection and maintenance
work that will need to be undertaken during
the defined service life of the structure,
shall also be defined as part of the manage-
ment strategy.
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4 5 6
Design of Repair Work Repair Work Acceptance of Repair Work
The relevant protection and repair principles Based on the relevant principles selected Complete records of all the materials used
will be defined from EN 1504-9 and the re- from EN 1504, the appropriate method of in the works shall be provided for future
pair options contained in the management work is then based on: reference at the end of each project.
strategy. ́́ Site access These shall include the answer to these fol-
́́ Site conditions (e.g. selection of appropri- lowing issues:
The design philosophy for repair shall take ate repair method – patch repair, pouring ́́ What is the anticipated new life expec-
into consideration the following: or spray application) tancy?
́́ Type, causes and extend of defects ́́ Health and safety issues ́́ What is the mode and result of the
́́ Future service conditions ́́ etc. selected materials eventual deterioration,
́́ Future maintenance program i.e. chalking, embrittlement, discoloration
The surface preparation, application and or delamination?
Following the selection of the relevant prin- Quality Control procedure for the repair ́́ What is the inspection period?
ciples from EN 1504-9, the Design Engineer works shall be carried out in accordance ́́ What remedial work might be required in
shall also consider the intended use of the with the recommendations contained in case of deterioration?
structure. Part 10 of EN 1504.
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EN 1504 7
THE ROOT CAUSES OF CONCRETE
DAMAGE AND DETORIATION
Assessment from the condition survey and the results of laboratory diagnosis
MECHANICAL ATTACK
CHEMICAL ATTACK
PHYSICAL ATTACK
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CONCRETE DAMAGE DUE TO STEEL REINFORCEMENT
CORROSION
CHEMICAL ATTACK
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EN 1504 9
AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRINCIPLES
OF CONCRETE REPAIR AND
PROTECTION ACCORDING EN-1504-9
THE PRINCIPLES RELATING TO CONCRETE
DEFECTS
PRINCIPLE 1
PRINCIPLE 2
Moisture control
PRINCIPLE 3
Concrete restoration
PRINCIPLE 4
Structural strengthening
PRINCIPLE 5
PRINCIPLE 6
Resistance to chemicals
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THE PRINCIPLES RELATING TO STEEL
REINFORCEMENT CORROSION
PRINCIPLE 7
PRINCIPLE 8
Increasing resistivity
PRINCIPLE 9
Cathodic control
PRINCIPLE 10
Cathodic protection
PRINCIPLE 11
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EN 1504 11
THE PRINCIPLES OF CONCRETE
REPAIR AND PROTECTION
WHY PRINCIPLES?
For many years, the different types of damage and the root causes of this damage
have been well known and equally the correct repair and protection methods have
also been established. All of this knowledge and expertise is now summarized and
clearly set out as 11 Principles in EN 1504, Part 9. These allow the Engineer to cor-
rectly repair and protect all of the potential damage that can occur in reinforced con-
crete structures. Principles 1 to 6 relate to defects in the concrete itself, Principles 7
to 11 relate to damage due to reinforcement corrosion.
The European Union fully introduced all of the European Standards 1504 in January
2009. These Standards define the assessment and diagnostic work required, the
necessary products and systems including their performance, the alternative pro-
cedures and application methods, together with the quality control of the materials
and the works on site.
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EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE
FROM SIKA
During the past 100 years, Sika has gained extensive experience and expertise in all
aspects of concrete repair and protection, with documented project references dat-
ing back to the 1920’s. Sika provides ALL of the necessary products for the techni-
cally correct repair and protection of concrete, ALL of which are fully in accordance
with the Principles and Methods now defined in European Standards EN 1504. These
include systems to repair damage and defects in the concrete and also to repair
damage caused by steel reinforcement corrosion. Special Sika products and systems
are also available for use on many different specific types of structures and for car-
rying out concrete repair works in all different application, climatic and exposure
conditions.
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EN 1504 13
AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRINCIPLES
AND METHODS OF REPAIR AND
PROTECTION FROM EN 1504-9
Tables 1 and 2 include all of the repair Principles and Methods in accordance with Part 9 of EN 1504.
Following assessment from the condition survey and diagnosis of the root causes of damage, together with the owners repair
objectives and requirements, the appropriate EN 1504 repair Principles and Methods can be selected.
Principle 3 Concrete restoration 3.1 Hand applied mortar Sika MonoTop®, SikaTop®, Sikadur®
Restoring the original
concrete to the
3.2 Recasting with concrete or mortar Sika MonoTop® range, SikaGrout® range
originally specified
profile and function. 3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar SikaCem®, Sikacrete®-Gunite® ranges, and
Restoring the concrete Sika MonoTop® systems
structure by replacing
part of it. 3.4 Replacing elements Sika® bonding primers and Sika® concrete technology
4.4 Adding mortar or concrete Sika® bonding primers, repair mortars and concrete
technology
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Principle Description Method Sika Solution
Principle 5 Physical resistance 5.1 Coatings Sikagard® reactive coatings range, Sikafloor® systems
Physical resistance.
5.2 Impregnations –
Increasing resistance to
physical or mechanical 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete As for Methods 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3
attack.
Principle 6 Resistance to 6.1 Coatings Sikagard® and Sikafloor® reactive, coatings range
chemicals
6.2 Impregnations –
Increasing resistance
of the concrete surface 6.3 Adding mortar or concrete As for Methods 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3
to deteriorations from
chemical attack.
Principle 9 Cathodic control 9.1 Limiting oxygen content (at the Sika® FerroGard® admixtures and surface applied
Creating conditions in cathode) by saturation or surface corrosion inhibitors, Sikagard® and Sikafloor® reactive
which potentially catho- coating coatings range, Sikadur®-32 reactive coatings
dic areas of reinforce-
ment are unable to
drive an anodic reaction.
Principle 10 Cathodic protection 10.1 Applying an electrical potential Sika® overlay mortars
Principle 11 Control of anodic areas 11.1 Active coating of the reinforcement SikaTop® Armatec®-110 EpoCem®, Sika MonoTop®-910 N
Creating conditions in
11.2 Barrier coating of the reinforcement Sikadur®-32
which potentially
anodic cathodic areas
of reinforcement are 11.3 Applying corrosion inhibitors in or Sika® FerroGard® admixtures and surface applied
unable to take part. to the concrete corrosion inhibitors
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EN 1504 15
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 1:
PROTECTION AGAINST INGRESS
Protecting the concrete surface against liquid and gaseous ingress
Sika produces a full range of impregnations, Corresponding part of the Standards: EN 1504-2
hydrophobic impregnations and specialized
coatings for use in protecting concrete accord-
ing to the Principles and Methods of EN 1504.
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Surface coatings are defined as materials designed to provide an Carbonation resistance: Sikagard®-680 S
improved concrete surface, for increased resistance or performance Sd >50 m ́́ Acrylic resin, solvent dispersed
against specific external influences. ́́ Long-term concrete protection
Capillary absorption:
Fine surface cracks with a total movement of up to 0.3 mm can be
w <0.1 kg/(m² × √h) Sikagard®-690 W HD
safely repaired, then sealed and their movement accommodated by
́́ Polyurethane, water dispersed
the use of elastic, crack bridging coatings, which are also waterproof Water vapour permeability:
́́ Long-term concrete protection
and carbonation resistant. Class I: Sd <5 m
This will accommodate thermal and dynamic movement in struc- Sikagard® Wallcoat T
Adhesion strength:
tures subject to wide temperature fluctuation, vibration, or that ́́ 2 part epoxy, water dispersed
Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or
have been constructed with inadequate or insufficient jointing ́́ Tunnel protective coating
≥ 1.5 N/mm²
details.
(trafficking) Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or
́́ Concrete protection and crack-bridging
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
(trafficking) Sikagard®-545 W Elastofill
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
́́ Elastic system base coat
Sikagard® -675 W Elastocolor
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
́́ Concrete protection
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EN 1504 17
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 1:
PROTECTION AGAINST INGRESS
Protecting the concrete surface against liquid and gaseous ingress (continued)
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Locally applying a suitable material to prevent the ingress of No specific criteria Sikadur®-Combiflex® System
aggressive media into the concrete. ́́ Extremely flexible
́́ Weather and water resistant
́́ Excellent adhesion
Sika® SealTape-S
́́ High elasticity
́́ Waterproof
Cracks to be treated to prevent the passage of aggressive agents Classification of injection Waterproof Sealing of Joints/Cracks/Voids:
should be filled and sealed. materials: Class D:
D: ductile Sika® Injection-201/-203
Non-moving cracks – These are cracks that have been formed by S: swelling
Class S:
initial shrinkage for example, they need only to be fully exposed and
Sika® Injection-29/-304/-305
repaired / filled with a suitable repair material.
Cracks to be treated to accommodate movement should be repaired No specific criteria Sikaflex® PU and AT- ranges
so that a joint is formed to extend through the full depth of the ́́ One-component polyurethanes
repair and positioned to accommodate that movement. The cracks ́́ High movement capability
(joints) must then be filled, sealed or covered with a suitably elastic ́́ Excellent durability
or flexible material. The decision to transfer a crack to the function
Sikadur®-Combiflex® System
of a movement joint must be made by a structural engineer.
́́ Extremely flexible
́́ Weather and water resistant
́́ Excellent adhesion
Protecting the concrete surface with external Panels. A curtain wall No specific criteria SikaTack®-Panel System
or similar external façade cladding system, protects the concrete ́́ For the discrete or ‘secret fixing’ of
surface from external weathering and aggressive materials attack Curtain wall façade systems
or ingress. ́́ One-component polyurethane
Applying a preformed sheet or liquid applied membrane over the No specific criteria SikaProof® fully bonded membrane
concrete surface will fully protect the surface against the attack or Sikaplan® sheet membranes
ingress of deleterious materials. Fully bonded membranes limit sur- ́́ Full surface waterproofing
face damage to a minimum and due to the full bond, lateral water
migration is prevented. Sikalastic®-851 liquid membrane
́́ Waterproofing
́́ Particularly useful for complex details
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EN 1504 19
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 2:
MOISTURE CONTROL
Adjusting and maintaining the moisture content in the concrete
All of these Sika systems for the Method Method 2.3 Coating
“Moisture Control” are fully in accordance with
the requirements of EN 1504. Corresponding part of the Standards: EN 1504-2
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Surface coatings are defined as materials designed to provide an Capillary absorption: Sikagard®-680 S
improved concrete surface, for increased resistance or performance w <0.1 kg/(m² × √h) ́́ Acrylic resin, solvent dispersed
against specific external influences. ́́ Long term concrete protection
Water vapour permeability:
Fine surface cracks with a total movement of up to 0.3 mm can be
Class I: Sd <5 m Sikagard®-690 W HD
safely repaired, then sealed and their movement accommodated by
́́ Polyurethane, water dispersed
crack bridging coatings which are also for waterproof and carbon- Adhesion strength:
́́ Long term concrete protection
ation resistant. Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or
≥ 1.5 N/mm² Sikagard® Wallcoat T
(trafficking) ́́ 2 part epoxy, water dispersed
Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or ́́ Tunnel protective coating
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
(trafficking)
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
́́ Concrete protection and crack-bridging
Sikagard®-545 W Elastofill
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
́́ Elastic system base coat
Sikagard® -675 W Elastocolor
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
́́ Concrete protection
As long as the concrete surface is not exposed, no water can No specific criteria SikaTack®-Panel System
penetrate and the reinforcement can not corrode. ́́ For the discrete or ‘secret fixing’ of
curtain wall facade systems
́́ One-component polyurethane
By applying an electric potential in the structure, moisture can be No specific criteria This is a process
moved towards the negatively charged cathode area.
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EN 1504 21
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 3:
CONCRETE RESTORATION
Replacing and restoring damaged concrete
́́ The extent of damage (e.g. Method 3.1 Hand Corresponding part of the Standards: EN 1504-3
applied mortar, is more economic for limited
damage)
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Traditionally the localised repair of concrete defects and damage has Class R4 Class R4:
been undertaken using hand-placed repair mortars. Sika provides Class R3 Sika MonoTop®-412 range
an extensive range of pre-batched, hand-applied repair mortars Class R2 ́́ High performance repair mortar
for general repair purposes and also for very specific repair require- Class R1 ́́ Extremely low shrinkage behavior
ments. These include lightweight mortars for overhead application
Class R3:
and chemically resistant materials to protect against aggressive
Sika MonoTop®-352 range
gases and chemicals.
́́ Extremely low shrinkage behavior
́́ Lightweight repair mortar
Class R2:
Sika MonoTop®-211 range
́́ Fast setting repair mortar
́́ Corrosion inhibitor inside
(FerroGard-Technology)
Class R2:
Sikadur®-43 HE range
́́ Epoxy based filling mortar
́́ Non-shrink
Typical recasting repairs, which are also frequently described as pour- Class R4 Class R4:
able or grouting repairs, are employed when whole sections or larger Class R3 Sika MonoTop®-434 N
areas of concrete replacement are required. These include the replace- ́́ One component
ment of all, or substantial sections of, concrete bridge parapets and ́́ Pourable
balcony walls etc. ́́ Rapid hardening
SikaGrout®-318
This method is also very useful for complex structural supporting
́́ High final strengths
sections, such as cross head beams, piers and column sections, which
́́ Expands during the plastic phase of
often present problems with restricted access and congested rein-
curing
forcement.
́́ Excellent flow characteristics
The most important criteria for the successful application of this Sikafloor®-82/-83 EpoCem®
type of product is its flowability and the ability to move around ob- ́́ Epoxy modified cement mortar
structions and heavy reinforcement. Additionally they often have to ́́ High performance characteristics
be poured in relatively thick sections without problems of thermal ́́ Temporary moisture barrier
shrinkage cracking. This is to ensure that they can fill the desired vol-
ume and areas completely, despite the restricted access or application
points. Finally they must also harden to provide a suitably finished
surface, which is tightly closed and free of cracks.
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EN 1504 23
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 3:
CONCRETE RESTORATION
Replacing and restoring damaged concrete (continued)
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Spray applied materials have also been used traditionally for con- Class R4 Class R4:
crete repair works. They are particularly useful for large volume Class R3 SikaCem® Gunit -133
concrete replacement, for providing additional concrete cover, or in ́́ High performance repair mortar
areas with difficult access for concrete pouring or the hand place- ́́ Very dense, high carbonation resistance
ment of repairs. ́́ “Dry” spray mortar
In some situations it can be more economical to replace either the No specific criteria System consisting of Sika® bonding
whole structure or part of it, rather than to carry out extensive repair primer and Sika® concrete technology
works. In this situation, care needs to be taken to provide appropriate
Sika® bonding primers:
structural support and load distribution during the works, for example
́́ SikaTop® Armatec®-110 EpoCem®
by using suitable bonding systems or agents to ensure this is main-
́́ Epoxy modified high performance
tained.
́́ Long open time
Sikadur®-32
́́ Two part epoxy based
́́ High strength characteristics
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EN 1504 25
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 4:
STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING
Increasing or restoring the structural load capacity
Sika has pioneered the development of many Corresponding part of the Standards: EN 1504-6
new materials and techniques in the field of
structural strengthening. Since the early 1960’s
this has included the development of steel
plate bonding and epoxy structural adhesives.
In the 1990’s Sika began working on the adap-
tation of these techniques using modern com-
posite materials, particularly pultruded carbon
fibre plates (Sika CarboDur®).
Since then, Sika has further developed this Method 4.3 Bonding plate reinforcement
technology by using unidirectional fabrics
(SikaWrap®) based on several different fibre Corresponding part of the Standards: EN 1504-4
types (carbon, glass, etc.).
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
The selection of the appropriate size and configuration of such rein- No specific criteria For embedded bars:
forcement, plus the locations where it is to be fixed, must always be Sikadur®-30
determined by the structural engineer. ́́ Structural adhesive
́́ High mechanical strength
́́ Excellent bond characteristics
The points for anchorages into the concrete should be de- Pull-out: Sika AnchorFix®-3+
signed, produced and installed in accordance with EN 1504 Part 6 and Displacement ≤0.6 mm ́́ High performance epoxy adhesive
the relevant European Technical Approval Guide- at load of 75 kN ́́ Shrink-free hardening
line (ETAG-001). The surface cleanliness of the grooves or anchor
Creep under tensile load: Sikadur®-42
holes cut in the concrete should be prepared to be in
Displacement ≤0.6 mm ́́ Epoxy grout system
accordance with EN 1504 Part 10 Sections 7.2.2 and 7.2.3.
after continuous loading ́́ Non-shrink
of 50 kN after 3 month
Structural strengthening by the bonding of external plates is carried Shear strength: Sikadur®-30
out in accordance with the relevant national design codes and EN ≥12 N/mm² ́́ Epoxy based adhesive for use with the
1504-4. The exposed surfaces of the concrete that are to receive carbon fibre reinforced Sika® CarboDur®
E-Modulus in compression:
externally bonded reinforcement should be thoroughly cleaned and system and traditional steel plate rein-
≥ 2000 N/mm²
prepared. Any weak, damaged or deteriorated concrete must be forcement.
removed and repaired, to comply with EN 1504 Part 10 Section 7.2.4 Coefficient of thermal
Sikadur®-330
and Section 8. This must be completed prior to the overall surface expansion:
́́ Epoxy based adhesive used with
preparation and plate-bonding application work being undertaken. ≤ 100 × 10 -6 per K
SikaWrap® systems
These methods and Sika systems are well documented in Principle Mortar/Concrete: Repair mortars:
3 Concrete restoration. To ensure the necessary performance, these Class R4 or R3 Sika MonoTop®-412/-352 range
products also have to fulfill the requirements of EN 1504-3, class 3
Sikafloor®-82/-83 EpoCem®
or 4.
Adhesives: Sikadur®-41 CF
Shear strength ≥6 N/mm² ́́ Epoxy based patching mortar
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EN 1504 27
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 4:
STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING
Increasing or restoring the structural load capacity (continued)
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
The cracks should be cleaned and prepared in accordance with the Classification of injection Sikadur®-52 Injection
guidelines of EN 1504 Part 10 Section 7.2.2. Then the most suitable material: ́́ Two-component epoxy resin
Sika system for resealing and bonding can be selected to fully rein- F: transmitting force / load ́́ Low viscosity
state the structural integrity. transfer
Sika® Injection-201
́́ Polyurethane resin
́́ Very low viscosity
́́ Insensitive to moisture
Sika® Injection-451
́́ High strength structural epoxy resin
́́ Very low viscosity
When inert cracks, voids or interstices are wide enough, Classification of injection Sikadur®-52 Injection
they can filled by gravity (pouring) or by using an epoxy patching material: ́́ Two-component epoxy resin
mortar. ́́ Low viscosity
F: transmitting force / load
transfer Sika® Injection-451
́́ High strength structural epoxy resin
́́ Very low viscosity
Prestressing: with this method the system involves applying forces No specific criteria Carbon fibre prestressing systems:
to a structure to deform it in such a way that it will withstand its Sika CarboStress® system
working loads more effectively, or with less total deflection. (Note:
Traditional bonded prestressing systems:
post-tensioning is a method of prestressing a poured in place con-
SikaGrout®-300 PT
crete structure after the concrete has hardened).
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EN 1504 29
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 5:
PHYSICAL RESISTANCE
Increasing the concrete’s resistance to physical and /or mechanical attack
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Only reactive coatings are able to provide sufficient additional pro- Abrasion (Taber-Test): Class II:
tection for the concrete to improve its resistance against physical or mass-lost <3000 mg Sikafloor®-21 PurCem®
mechanical attack. ́́ For heavy to medium loading
Capillary absorption:
́́ Abrasion and high chemical resistance
w <0.1 kg/(m² × √h)
́́ Smooth flat wearing surface
Impact resistance:
Class II:
Class I to Class III
Sikafloor®-263 SL/-264 SL
Adhesion strength: ́́ Good chemical and mechanical resis-
Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or tance
≥ 1.5 N/mm² ́́ Excellent abrasion resistance
(trafficking) ́́ Solvent free
Sikafloor®-390 N
́́ High chemical resistance
́́ Moderate crack-bridging capability
Impact resistance:
Class I to Class III
The Methods to be used and suitable systems for this are defined in Mortar/Concrete: Class R4:
Principle 3 Concrete restoration and the products have to fulfill the Class R4 Sika MonoTop®-412 range
requirements of EN 1504-3, Class R4 or R3. In some specific instanc- Class R3 ́́ Very low shrinkage
es products may also need to fulfill additional requirements such as ́́ One component repair mortar
resistance to hydraulic abrasion. The engineer must therefore deter-
Sikafloor®-82 /-83 EpoCem®
mine these additional requirements on each specific structure.
́́ Epoxy modified cement mortar
́́ High frost and deicing salt resistance
Sika® Abraroc®
́́ High mechanical strength
́́ Excellent abrasion resistance
SikaGrout® range
́́ High performance levelling mortar
́́ Excellent flow characteristics
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EN 1504 31
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 6:
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Increasing the concrete’s resistance to chemical attack
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Only high performance reactive coatings are able to provide suf- Resistance to strong chemical Class I:
ficient protection to concrete and improve its resistance to chemical attack: Sikalastic®-8800
attack. Class I to Class III ́́ 2 component polyurethane
́́ Chemical resistance and flexible crack
Adhesion strength:
bridging
Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or
≥ 1.5 N/mm² Class II:
(trafficking) Sikagard®-63 N
́́ Two part epoxy resin with good chemical
Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or
and mechanical resistance
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
́́ Tightly cross-linked surface
(trafficking)
Sikafloor®-390 N
́́ High chemical resistance
́́ Moderate crack-bridging behaviour
Class I:
Sikafloor®-263 SL/-264 SL
́́ Good chemical and mechanical resis-
tance
́́ Excellent abrasion resistance
́́ Solvent free
Class II:
Sikafloor®-21 PurCem®
́́ For heavy to medium loading
́́ Abrasion and high chemical resistance
́́ Smooth flat wearing surface
An impregnation is defined as the treatment of concrete to reduce Resistance to chemical attack Refer to local availability
the porosity and to strengthen the surface. The pores and capillaries after 30 days exposure
are then partly or totally filled. This type of treatment usually also
results in a discontinuous thin film of 10 to 100 microns thickness on
the surface. This therefore serves to block the pore system to aggres-
sive agents.
The Methods and systems required are defined in Principle 3, No specific criteria Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®,
Concrete restoration. To be able to resist a certain level of Sikafloor®-81/-82/-83 EpoCem®
chemical attack, cement based products need to be formulated with ́́ Epoxy modified cement mortars
special cements and/or combined with epoxy resins. ́́ Good chemical resistance
The engineer has to define these specific requirements on each ́́ Very dense and watertight
structure.
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EN 1504 33
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 7: PRESERVING
OR RESTORINGL PASSIVITY
Treating or replacing concrete surrounding the reinforcement
The selection of the appropriate method will Method 7.3 Electrochemical realkalisation
depend on various parameters such as: the of carbonated concrete
reasons for the loss of passivation (e.g. due to
carbonation or chloride attack), the extent of Corresponding part of the Standards: None
the damage, the specific site conditions, the
repair and protection strategy, maintenance
possibilities, costs, etc.
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
If the reinforcement does not have adequate concrete cover, then Carbonation resistance: Class R4:
by adding cementitious mortar or concrete the chemical attack (e.g. Class R4 or R3 Sika MonoTop®-412 range
from carbonation or chlorides) on the reinforcement will be reduced. Sikacrete®-103 Gunit
Compressive strength:
SikaTop®-121/-122
Class R4 or R3
Sikafloor®-82 EpoCem®
Adhesive bond:
Class R3:
Class R4 or R3
Sika MonoTop®-352 range
Through removing damaged concrete and rebuilding the concrete Carbonation resistance: Class R4:
cover over the reinforcement, the steel is again protected by the alka- Class R4 or R3 Sika MonoTop®-412 range
linity of its surroundings. Sikacrete®-103 Gunit
Compressive strength:
Class R4 or R3 Class R3:
Sika MonoTop®-352 range
Adhesive bond:
Class R4 or R3 Sika concrete technology for quality
concrete replacement:
Sika® ViscoCrete®
Sikament®
There is limited long term experience with this method. It requires No specific criteria For post-treatment:
the application of a very alkaline coating over the carbonated con- Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®
crete surface and the realkalisation is achieved by the slow diffusion
For post-treatment:
of the alkali through the carbonated zone. This process takes a very
Sikagard®-680 S or Sikagard®-690 W HD
long time and it is very difficult to control the right distribution of
the material. After treatment, it is also always recommended to
prevent further carbonation by applying a suitable protective coat-
ing.
The electrochemical chloride extraction process is very similar in na- No specific criteria For post-treatment:
ture to cathodic protection. The process involves the application of penetrating hydrophobic impregnation with
an electrical current between the embedded reinforcement and an Sikagard®-705 L or
anode mesh placed at the outer surface of the concrete structure. Sikagard®-706 Thixo
As a result, the chlorides are driven out toward the surface. plus protective coating
Once the treatment is completed, the concrete structure has to be Sikagard®-680 S or Sikagard®-690 W HD
protected with a suitable treatment to prevent the further ingress
of chlorides (post treatment).
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EN 1504 35
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 8:
INCREASING RESISTIVITY
Increasing the electrical resistivity of the concrete to reduce the risk of corrosion
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Surface coatings are defined as materials designed to provide an Capillary absorption: Sikagard®-680 S
improved concrete surface, for increased resistance or performance w <0.1 kg/(m² × √h) ́́ Acrylic resin, solvent dispersed
against specific external influences. Fine surface cracks with a total ́́ Long term concrete protection
Water vapour permeability:
movement of up to 0.3 mm can be safely repaired, then sealed and
Class I: Sd <5 m Sikagard®-690 W HD
their movement accommodated by elastic, crack bridging coatings,
Class II: 5 m ≤Sd ≤50 m ́́ Polyurethane, water dispersed
which are also waterproof and carbonation resistant. This is to ac-
Class III: Sd >50 m ́́ Long term concrete protection
commodate thermal and dynamic movement in structures subject
to wide temperature fluctuation, vibration, or that have been con- Adhesion strength: Sikagard® Wallcoat T
structed with inadequate or insufficient jointing details. Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or ́́ 2 part epoxy, water dispersed
≥ 1.5 N/mm² ́́ Tunnel protective coating
(trafficking)
Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or ́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
≥ 2.0 N/mm² ́́ Concrete protection and crack-bridging
(trafficking)
Sikagard®-545 W Elastofill
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
́́ Elastic system base coat
Sikagard® -675 W Elastocolor
́́ Acrylic resin, water dispersed
́́ Concrete protection
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EN 1504 37
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 9:
CATHODIC CONTROL
Preventing corrosion of the steel reinforcement
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
Creating conditions in which any potentially cathodic areas Sika recommendation of: Corrosion inhibitors:
of the reinforcement are unable to drive an anodic reaction. >100 ppm (parts per Sika® FerroGard®-901
million) concentration of (admixture)
Although not mention on the standard as method 9.1, inhibitors corrosion inhibitor at the Sika® FerroGard®-903 Plus
(added to the concrete as admixtures or surface applied on the hard- rebar level in the presence of (surface applied)
ened concrete as an impregnation) form a continious film on the chlorides. ́́ Amino alcohol based inhibitors
surface of the steel reinforcement which acts as a barrier to oxygen. ́́ Long term protection and durability
́́ Economic extension of the service life
of reinforced concrete structures
In Induced Current Cathodic Protection, the current is supplied by Resistiviy of the mortar: Mortars for embedded cathodic protection
an external electrical source and is distributed in the electrolyte via according to local require- mesh:
auxiliary anodes (e.g. mesh placed on top of and connected to the ments.
Spray applied mortar:
reinforcing steel). These auxiliary anodes are generally embedded
Sika MonoTop®-412 N
in a mortar in order to protect them from degradation. To work ef-
́́ Low shrinkage
ficiently the system requires the surrounding mortar to have a resis-
́́ Sufficient resistivity
tivity low enough to allow sufficient current transfer.
Levelling mortar:
Sikafloor® Level-30
́́ Self levelling
́́ Sufficient resistivity
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EN 1504 39
EN 1504-9 PRINCIPLE 11:
CONTROL OF ANODIC AREAS
Preventing corrosion of the steel reinforcement
Note: Dual function inhibitors such as Sika® Corresponding part of the Standards:
FerroGard® also protect the cathodic areas EN 1504-7
simultaneously.
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Description Main criteria Sika Products (examples)
These coatings contain active pigments that can function as an in- Compliance with Cement based:
hibitor or/and provide a passive environment due to their alkalinity. EN 1504-7 Sika MonoTop®-910 N
Although care must be taken to apply them properly, they are less ́́ 1-component corrosion protection
sensitive to application defects than barrier coatings. ́́ Good resistance to water and chloride
penetration
These barrier coatings work by completely isolating the reinforcement Compliance with Epoxy based:
from oxygen or water. Therefore they require higher levels of surface EN 1504-7 Sikadur®-32
preparation and application control. This is because they can only be ́́ Low sensitivity to moisture
effective if the steel is completely free from corrosion and fully coated ́́ Very dense, no chloride penetration
without any defects – this can be very difficult to achieve in site con-
ditions. Any effective reduction in the bonding of the repair material
to the treated reinforcement should also be considered.
Applying corrosion inhibitors to the concrete surface, they diffuse to Sika recommendation of: Corrosion inhibitors:
the reinforcement and form a protective layer on the surface of the >100 ppm (parts per Sika® FerroGard®-901
bars. These corrosion inhibitors can also be added as admixtures to million) concentration of (admixture)
the repair mortar or concrete that is used for the concrete reinstate- corrosion inhibitor at the Sika® FerroGard®-903 Plus
ment works. rebar level in the presence of (surface applied)
chlorides. ́́ Amino alcohol based inhibitors
́́ Long term protection and durability
́́ Economic extension of the service life
of reinforced concrete structures
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EN 1504 41
SUMMARY FLOW CHART
Phases of the correct Concrete Repair and Protection Procedure in accordance
with European Standards EN 1504
THE PHASES OF CONCRETE REPAIR AND PROTECTION PROJECTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH EN 1504 PART 9
EN 1504-9, Clause 4, Annex A EN 1504-9, Clause 4, Annex A EN 1504-9, Clauses 5 and 6, Annex A
See more details on page 6 See more details on page 8/9 See more details on page 44 – 47
FLOW CHART OF CONCRETE REPAIR AND PROTECTION PROCEDURE WITH THE SIKA SYSTEMS
S
U Visible Y Condition
Carry out
Structural
Concrete Y
R cracking and
survey
“root cause”
assessment
repair
staining analysis necessary?
V
E
Y N N
Y
Any
latent Y Define the Any actions
damage? further life cycle required?
Check of
N necessary
N
concrete or
steel protection
Continue
regular
monitoring
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Design of Repair Work Repair Work Acceptance of Repair Work
EN 1504 Parts 2–7 and EN 1504-9, EN 1504-9, Clause 9 and 10 and EN 1504-10 EN 1504-9, Clause 8 and EN 1504-10
Clauses 6, 7 and 9
See more details on page 14 – 41 See more details on page 48/49 See more details on page 7
H
Specify bonding Create
maintenance N A
primer (as required) Apply repair mortar Final
and repair mortar n Sika MonoTop® (class R2, R3, R4) management inspection N
(Class R2, R3 or R4) strategy? D
O
Y V
E
R
Set up corrosion
monitoring
system
Apply
Crack-
Enhance Y bridging
n Sikagard® elastic coatings
appearance? n Sikalastic® membranes
abilities
n Sikafloor® elastic coatings
needed?
n Sikaflex® joint sealants
N N Apply
n Sikagard® coatings
n Sikafloor® coatings
n SikaCor® steel coatings
Apply
n Sika® FerroGard® inhibitors and/or
n Sikagard® hydrophobic impregnations
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EN 1504 43
SELECTION OF THE METHODS TO BE
USED FOR CONCRETE REPAIR
In the matrix tables below the most common defects and damage of concrete structures and their possible repair methods are
listed. This list is intended to be indicative rather than exhaustive. The repair proposals must be customised according to the
specific conditions on each project. Deviations from this matrix of outline recommendations are therefore possible and these
must be determined individually for each situation. The numbers indicated in the tables are reference to the relevant Principles
and Methods defined in EN 1504-9.
DAMAGE TO CONCRETE
Concrete defects/damage Minor damage Medium damage Heavy damage
Concrete racks 1.5 Filling of cracks 1.5 Filling of cracks 4.5 Injecting cracks, voids
or interstices
1.6 Transferring cracks
into joints 4.6 Filling cracks, voids or
interstices
Concrete spalling due 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.2 Recasting with concrete or
to mechanical impact and mortar
3.2 Recasting with concrete
4.4 Adding mortar or concreter
or mortar 3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar
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DAMAGE DUE TO REINFORCEMENT CORROSION
Concrete defects/damage Minor damage Medium damage Heavy damage
Concrete spalling due to 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.2 Recasting with concrete or
carbonation mortar
3.2 Recasting with concrete
and
or mortar
4.1 Adding or replacing
3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar embedded or external
reinforcing bars
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EN 1504 45
SELECTION OF THE METHODS TO
BE USED FOR CONCRETE AND
REINFORCEMENT PROTECTION
The overall protection required for concrete structures as well as that required for their embedded steel reinforcement, is depen-
dent on the type of structure, its environmental exposure and location, its use and the selected maintenance strategy. Therefore
protection proposals should be adapted to individual structures, their specific conditions and their specific requirements. Devia-
tions from these outline recommendations are therefore possible and should always be determined on each individual project.
The prefix numbers in the following tables are the references of the relevant Principles and Methods of EN 1504-9.
PROTECTION TO CONCRETE
Protection requirements Minimal level Medium level Demanding level
Cracks 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
and
1.3 Coating 1.3 Coating (elastic)
1.3 Coating (elastic)
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PROTECTION TO REINFORCEMENT
Protection requirements Minimal level Medium level Demanding level
Carbonation 1.1 Applying corrosion 1.3 Coating 11.3 Applying corrosion
inhibitors in or to the inhibitors in or to the
7.3 Electrochemical
concrete concrete
realkalisation of carbonated
and
concrete
1.3 Coating
7.4 Realkalization of
7.3 Electrochemical realkaliza-
carbonated concrete by
tion of carbonated concrete
diffusion
and
1.3 Coating
Chlorides 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation 11.3 Applying corrosion 7.5 Electrochemical chloride
inhibitors in or to the extraction
1.2 Impregnation
concrete and
and 1.3 Coating
1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
7.5 Electrochemical chloride
11.3 Applying corrosion extraction
inhibitors in or to the and
concrete 11.2 Barrier coating of the
and reinforcement
1.3 Coating
10.1 Applying an electrical
potential
Stray electrical currents If disconnection of the electrical If disconnection of the electrical If disconnection of the electrical
current is not possible: current is not possible: current is not possible:
2.5 Electrochemical treatment
2.2 Impregnation 10.1 Applying an electrical
and
potential
2.3 Coating
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EN 1504 47
SIKA PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS
The Independent Assessment and Approvals of Sika Products and Systems, plus
Testing and Proof Statements in Accordance with the Requirements of EN 1504
Sika uses specific in-house and independent testing and assessment criteria to evaluate all of
its products and systems for concrete repair and protection, which are fully in accordance with
the requirements of the appropriate parts and sections of European Standards EN 1504 (Parts
2 – 7). The Sika Product and System Testing and Assessment criteria for these concrete repair
and protection materials are as follows:
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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Product and System Performance
There are functional and performance requirements which must be met by both the individual
products as components of a system and the system functioning together as a whole.
For example:
Sika repair mortars must be suitable for use in differing thicknesses, areas and volumes of
repair, which need to be applied in as few layers as possible. They must then rapidly become
weather resistant.
Equally Sikagard® coatings must have adequate viscosity and the right thixotropic properties
at different temperatures, in order to obtain the desired wet and dry film thicknesses. This
should be achieved in the minimum number of coats, plus they must also achieve adequate
opacity and become weather resistant quickly.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality Control in Production
It is also necessary for any product or system to meet well defined Quality
Assurance and Quality Control standards in production. Contained in Euro-
pean Standard EN 1504 Part 2 to 7 are the relevant requirements for quality
control in the production plant. In addition to these requirements, com-
pulsory in Europe, Sika is accredited to ISO 9001 in all production facilities
throughout the world.
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EN 1504 49
ASSESSMENTS OF SIKA PRODUCTS
AND SYSTEMS
Additional Performance Testing and the Extensive Independent Durability
CONCRETE REPAIRS
The “Baenziger Block” for Mortar Testing The Real Proof on Real Structures –
There are many reported causes of premature failures in repair mortar, but one of Independent Evaluation of Completed
the most common is cracks forming in the material. For a long time Sika has recog- Projects
nised this issue and developed a practical test procedure to push performance limits
and improve product quality.
The “Baenziger Block” has now been assessed as the optimal specification and con-
figuration for evaluating the sensitivity of repair materials by the USA Department
of the Interior CREE Programme.
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CONCRETE PROTECTION
Testing the Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors Additional Test Procedure for Hydrophobic Impregnations
Sika has introduced Surface Applied Corrosion In- In addition to the European Standard EN 1504-2, the penetration perfor-
hibitors in 1997. mance of hydrophobic impregnations in concrete is tested by measuring
Since then, millions of square metres of reinforced the water absorption in the depth profile of concrete (e.g. on concrete
concrete have been protected from corrosion all cores from the top surface till 10 mm depth). Therefore the maximum
over the world. Sika® FerroGard®-903+ covers the penetration depth and effectiveness could be determined. On that pen-
Principle 9 (Cathodic control) and Principle 11 (Anodic etration limit, the exact quantity of the active ingredient in the concrete
control). Since this introduction many studies have is measured in the laboratory by FT-IR analysis. This value reflects the
confirmed the efficiency of the corrosion protec- minimum content of hydrophobic particles and can therefore also be
tion afforded by this technology. used for quality control on site.
WATERPROOFING
REFURBISHMENT
THE REPAIR AND PROTECTION OF REINFORCED
BASEMENT CONCRETE
WATERPROOFING
WITH SIKA
WITH– IN
Sikaplan®
ACCORDANCE
SHEET WITH
MEMBRANES
EN 1504 51
EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL CONCRETE
DAMAGE AND ITS REPAIR AND
PROTECTION WITH SIKA SYSTEMS
Embedded Steel Protection of the reinforcement by applying Exposed Steel Protect the rebars from corrosion
corrosion inhibitors SikaTop® Armatec®-110, EpoCem®, Sika-
Sika® FerroGard®-903 Plus dur®-32 for highly corrosive environments
Embedded Steel Protection of the reinforcement by applying
Cracks For non moving cracks
corrosion inhibitors
Sika MonoTop®-723 N
Sika® FerroGard®-903 Plus
For fine surface cracks
Sikagard®-550 Elastoflex W Cracks For non-moving cracks
Concrete protection Coatings to protect the concrete Sika MonoTop®-723 N
Sikagard®-675 Color W For fine surface cracks
Sikagard®-740 W Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
Cracks more than 0.3 mm wide
Joints Sikaflex®-AT Connection
Sikadur®-52 Injection
Concrete protection Coatings to protect the concrete
* Additional Sika solutions are also possible, please refer to specific documentation or Sikagard®-680 S / Sikagard®-690 W HD
contact our Technical Service Departments for advice.
Sikagard®-706 Thixo
Waterproofing layer:
Sikalastic-851
Joints Sikadur® Combiflex® System
REFURBISHMENT
WATERPROOFING
52 BASEMENT
THE REPAIRWATERPROOFING
AND PROTECTIONWITH
OF REINFORCED
Sikaplan® SHEET
CONCRETE
MEMBRANES
WITH SIKA – IN ACCORDANCE WITH EN 1504
CHIMNEYS AND COOLING TOWERS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
Issues: Sika Solutions:* Issues: Sika Solutions:*
Concrete Spalling Applying concrete or repair mortar by Hand Concrete Spalling Applying concrete or repair mortar by Hand
or Spray Sika MonoTop®-412 NFG or or Spray Sika MonoTop®-412 N
SikaCem®-Gunit 133 Admixtures for concrete with Sika® Visco-
Admixtures for concrete with Sika® Visco- Crete®
Crete® Exposed Steel Protect the rebars from corrosion
Exposed Steel Protect the rebars from corrosion SikaTop® Armatec®-110 EpoCem®
SikaTop® Armatec®-110 EpoCem® for highly Sikadur®-32 for highly corrosive environ-
corrosive environments ments
Embedded Steel Protection of the reinforcement by applying Cracks For non-moving cracks
corrosion inhibitors Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®
Sika® FerroGard®-903 Plus For fine surface cracks
Cracks For non-moving cracks Sikafloor®-390 Thixo
Sikagard®-720 EpoCem® Cracks more than 0.3 mm wide
For fine surface cracks Sika® Injection-201
Sikagard®-550 Elastoflex W Sikalastic®-8800
Cracks more than 0.3 mm wide Concrete protection Coatings to protect the concrete
Sika® Injection-451 Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®
Concrete protection Coatings to protect the concrete SikaCor® Poxitar F / Sikagard®-63 N
Sikagard®-720 EpoCem® Abrasion Sika® Abraroc®
Sikagard®-680 S / Sikagard®-690 W HD Joints Sikadur® Combiflex® System
SikaCor® EG 5
(official aircraft warning colours)
Joints Sikadur® Combiflex® System
WATERPROOFING
REFURBISHMENT
THE REPAIR AND PROTECTION OF REINFORCED
BASEMENT CONCRETE
WATERPROOFING
WITH SIKA
WITH– IN
Sikaplan®
ACCORDANCE
SHEET WITH
MEMBRANES
EN 1504 53
SIKA AND THE INTERNATIONAL
CONCRETE REPAIR INSTITUTE (ICRI)
SIKA AS WELL AS THE INTERNATIONAL CONCRETE REPAIR INSTITUTE (ICRI) share the same
goal: To achieve excellence in concrete renovation projects through innovative products and sys-
tems, outstanding customer advice and trainings worldwide.
The International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) was formed in 1988 as the International Association of Concrete Repair Spe-
cialists, by a group of pioneers who raised concerns over the proliferation of unqualified contractors entering the industry and
the lack of standards and guidelines for concrete repair.
Since that time, ICRI has grown into a 2000-member strong international association devoted solely to concrete repair and
restoration.
The philosophy of the group is that if the quality of work is improved, and purchasers of repair services feel that they are obtain-
ing a durable product, the demand for their products and services will increase and the image of the concrete repair industry will
be elevated. From its inception, the organization has strived on include the interests of contractors, engineers, and manufac-
turers in every aspect of its operations. The object is to bring together those who are truly interested in improving the concrete
repair industry and use their concerted efforts to bring about meaningful change. Every attempt is made to ensure equitable
representation for all in the organization's leadership, committee representation and the dissemination of technical expertise.
Obviously focussed in the North American market, ICRI is nevertheless well known inter-nationally especially in Latin America,
Middle East, South East Asia and Pacific. This asso-ciation like Sika strives to improve the quality of the repair works in the
refurbishment business.
REFURBISHMENT
ICRI AWARD-WINNING
PROJECTS 1998 – 2013
SIKA – STRIVING FOR EXCELLENCE IN CONCRETE REFURBISHMENT
REFURBISHMENT
WATERPROOFING
54 BASEMENT
THE REPAIRWATERPROOFING
AND PROTECTIONWITH
OF REINFORCED
Sikaplan® SHEET
CONCRETE
MEMBRANES
WITH SIKA – IN ACCORDANCE WITH EN 1504
WATERPROOFING
REFURBISHMENT
THE REPAIR AND PROTECTION OF REINFORCED
BASEMENT CONCRETE
WATERPROOFING
WITH SIKA
WITH– IN
Sikaplan®
ACCORDANCE
SHEET WITH
MEMBRANES
EN 1504 55
ALSO AVAILABLE
FROM SIKA
REFURBISHMENT REFURBISHMENT
SIKA TECHNOLOGIES AND SIKA SOLUTIONS FOR BRIDGES
SOLUTIONS FOR WASTE WATER
TREATMENT PLANTS
© SIKA SERVICES AG / REFURBISHMENT / CMDL / THE REPAIR AND PROTECTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH SIKA / 02.2016 / ID: 63213
WE ARE SIKA
Sika is a specialty chemicals company with a leading position in the
development and production of systems and products for bonding,
sealing, damping, reinforcing and protecting in the building sector
and the motor vehicle industry. Sika's product lines feature concrete
admixtures, mortars, sealants and adhesives, structural strengthening
systems, flooring as well as roofing and waterproofing systems.