1.

In high-level AM, the modulator varies the voltage and power in the
a. carrier oscillator
b. audio amplifier
c. intermediate RF amplier
d. final RF amplifier
ans. D

2. Circuits that accept modulated signals and recover the original modulating information are called
a. modulators
b. detectors
c. nonlinear circuits
d. balanced filters
ans. B

3. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following the modulated stage must be

a. linear devices
b. harmonic devices
c. class C amplifiers
d. nonlinear devices
ans. A

4. Indicate the false statement. The superheterodyne receiver replaced the TRF receiver because the
latter suffered from
a. gain variations over the frequency coverage range
b. insufficient gain and sensitivity
c. inadequate selectivity at high frequencies
d. instability
ans. B

5. The image frequency of a superheterodyne receiver

a. is created within the receiver itself
b. is due to insufficient adjacent channel rejection
c. is not rejected be the IF tuned circuits
d. is independent of the frequency to which the receiver is tuned
ans. C

6. One of the main functions of the RF amplifier in a superheterodyne receiver is to

a. provide improve tracking
b. permit better adjacent-channel rejection
c. increase the tuning range of the receiver
d. improve the rejection of the image frequency
ans. D

7. The main advantage of a high-level modulation system compared to a low-level system is that:
a. Allows more efficient amplification
b. allows use of low-powered intelligence signal
c. provides higher modulation percentage
d. is more economical
ans. A
8. What is the purpose of a buffer amplifier stage in a transmitter
a. It prevents transmitters from producing spurious frequencies in the output signals
b. it provides power amplification with high efficiency
c. its high input impedance prevents oscillators from drifting off frequency
d. it amplifies audio frequencies before modulation occurs
ans. C

9. The main problem with the TRF design is

a. Lack of selectivity in receiving all AM stations
b. Poor demodulation of an AM station
c. Frustration in tuning to receive more than one station
d. Lack of sensitivity in receiving all AM stations
ans. C

10. The sensitivity of a receiver has to do with its ability to

a. withstand shock
b. receiver one station versus another
c. receive weak stations
d. all of the above
ans. C

11. Double conversion is used to overcome the problem of

a. Image frequency
b. Tracking
c. Receive weak stations
d. All of the above
ans. A

12. Which of the following would occur in a receiver not having AGC?
a. The speaker output level would drastically change while tuning from a weak signal to a strong signal
b. Local stations would easily produce distorted signals in the speakers
c. There would be a constant need to readjust the volume control as the weather and ionosphere
change
d. all of the above
ans. D

13. The simplest AM detector is the

a. Synchronous detectors
b. product detector
c. Heterodyne detector
d. diode detector
ans. D

14. If no sound is heard from a receiver, the most likely problem area is the
a. Power supply
b. RF section
c. Audio amplifier
d. AGC diode
ans. A
15. With high-level AM
a. all RF amplifiers can be nonlinear
b. minimum modulation _ is required
c. minimum RF _ required
d. all of the above
ans. A

16. With high-level AM

a. the RF amplifiers are typically class A
b. the RF amplifiers are typically class B
c. the RF amplifiers are typically class C
d. the RF amplifiers are typically class AB
ans. C

17. With low-level AM

a. the RF amplifier must be class A
b. the RF amplifier must be class B
c. the RF amplifier must be linear
d. the RF amplifiers must be low-power
ans. C

18. The two basic specifications for a receiver are

a. the sensitivity and selectivity
b. the number of converters and the number of Ifs
c. the spurious response and the tracking
d. the signal and noise
ans. A

19. “Skin effect” refers to

a. the way radio signals travel across a flat surface
b. the issue-burning effect of a strong RF signal
c. the increase of wire resistance with frequency
d. none of the above
ans. C

20. “IF” stands for

a. intermediate frequency
b. intermodulation frequency
c. indeterminate frequency
d. image frequency
ans. A
21. AGC stands for
a. Audio Gain Control
b. Automatic Gain Control
c. Active Gain Control
d. Active Gain Conversion
ans. B

22. The frequency of the local oscillator

a. is above the RF frequency
b. is below the RF frequency
c. can be either above or below the RF frequency
d. is fixed, typically ay 455khz
ans. C
23. Basically, sensitivity measures:
a. the weakest signal that can be usefully received
b. the highest-frequency signal that can be usefully received
c. the dynamic range of the audio amplifier
d. none of the above
ans. A

24. Basically, selectivity measures:

a. the range of frequencies that the receiver can select
b. with two signals close in frequency, the ability to receive one and reject the other
c. how well adjacent frequencies are separated by the demodulator
d. how well the adjacent frequencies are separated in the mixer
ans. B

25. Distortion in a receiver can occur in

a. the mixer
b. the detector
c. the IF amplifier
d. all of the above
ans. D

26. An image must be rejected

a. prior to mixing
b. prior to if amplification
c. prior to detection
d. images cannot be rejected
ans. A

27. Image frequency problems would be reduced by

a. having an IF amplifier with the proper shape factor
b. having a wideband RF amplifier after the mixer
c. having a narrowband RF amplifier before the mixer
d. none of the above
ans. C

28. A common AM detector is the

a. PLL
b. envelope detectors
c. radio detector
d. all of the above
ans. B

29. What determines the selectivity of a receiver?

a. the bandwidth of the tuned circuits
b. the frequency stability
c. the power handling capability
d. the gain of the amplifier
ans. A

30. Coherent receivers are also known as

a. asynchronous
b. insensitive
c. sensitive
d. synchronous ans. D
31. Noncoherent detection is known as
a. envelope detection
b. demodulation
c. discrimination
d. asynchronous detection
ans. A

32. In a double-tuned circuit, minimum bandwidth is obtained with __ coupling

a. under
b. over
c. optimum
d. critical
ans. A

33. What is the second-detector used for AM?

a. ratio
b. PLL
c. diode
d. lattice
ans. C

34. An SSB signal with a maximum level of 200 V p-p into a 50 load results in a PEP rating of
a. 200 W
b. 50 W
c. 100 W
d. 800 W
ans. C

35. What is the difference between a balanced modulator and a regular modulator?
a. There is no carrier produced in the output of a balanced modulator
b. In a balanced modulator, there is a 180deg phase shift between the upper and lower frequencies
c. In a balanced modulator, only one sideband is produced
ans. A

1. If the plate supply voltage for a plate-modulated class C amplifier is V, the maximum plate-cathode
voltage could be almost as high as
a. 4 V
b. 3 V
c. 2 V
d. 1 V
ans. A
2. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following the modulated stage must be
a. linear devices
b. harmonic devices
c. class C amplifiers
d. nonlinear devices
ans. A

3. If the carrier of a 100 percent modulated AM wave is suppressed, the percentage power saving will be
a. 50
b. 150
c. 100
d. 66.66
ans. D
4. Leak-type bias is used in a plate-modulated class C amplifier to
a. prevent tuned circuit damping
b. prevent excessive grid current
c. prevent overmodulation
d. increase the bandwidth
ans. B

5. The output stage of a television transmitter is most likely to be a

a. plate-modulated class C amplifier
b. grid-modulated class C amplifier
c. screen-modulated class C amplifier
d. grid-modulated class A amplifier
ans. B

6. The modulation index of an AM wave is changed from 0 to 1. The transmitted power is

a. unchanged
b. halved
c. doubled
d. increase by 50 percent
ans. D

7. One of the advantages of the base modulation over collector modulation of a transistor class C
amplifier is
a. the lower modulating power required
b. higher power output per transistor
c. better efficiency
d. better linearity
ans. A

8. A carrier is simultaneously modulated by two sine waves with modulation indices of 0.3 and 0.4; the
total modulation index
a. is 1
b. cannot be calculated unless the phase relations are known
c. is 0.5
d. is 0.7
ans. C

9. Amplitude modulation is used for broadcasting because

a. it is more noise immune than other modulation systems.
b. Compared with other systems it requires less transmitting power
c. its use avoids receiver complexity.
d. no other modulation system can provide the necessary bandwidth for high fidelity
ans. C

10. What is the ratio of modulating power to total power at 100 percent modulation?
a. 1:3
b. 1:2
c. 2:3
d. None of the above
ans. A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. AM stands for:
a. Audio Modulation
b. Amplitude Modulation
c. Angle Modulation
d. Antenna Modulation
ANS: B

2. The "envelope" of an AM signal is due to:

a. the baseband signal c. the amplitude signal
b. the carrier signal d. none of the above
ANS: A

3. If the audio Va sin(at) modulates the carrier Vc sin(ct), then the modulation index, m, is:
a. m = a / c c. m = (Va / Vc)2
b. m = Va / Vc d. m = Va / a
ANS: B

4. The equation for full-carrier AM is:

a. v(t) = (Ec + Em) sin(ct) c. v(t) = (Ec Em) sin(mt) sin(ct)
b. v(t) = (Ec + Em) sin(mt) + sin(ct) d. v(t) = (Ec + Em sin(mt)) sin(ct)
ANS: D

5. Overmodulation causes:
a. distortion c. both a and b
b. splatter d. none of the above
ANS: C

6. The peak voltage of an AM signal goes from Emax to Emin. The modulation index, m, is:
a. m = Emin / Emax c. m = (Emax – Emin) / (Emax + Emin)
b. m = Emax / Emin d. m = (Emax + Emin) / (Emax – Emin)
ANS: C

7. If Va sin(at) amplitude modulates the carrier Vc sin(ct), it will produce the frequencies:
a. c + a and c – a c. c + a and 2c + 2a
b. (c + a)/2 and (c – a)/2 d. none of the above
ANS: A

8. At 100% modulation, the total sideband power is:

a. equal to the carrier power c. half the carrier power
b. twice the carrier power d. 1.414 carrier power
ANS: C

9. If a 5-kHz signal modulates a 1-MHz carrier, the bandwidth of the AM signal will be:
a. 5 kHz c. 1.005 MHz
b. 10 kHz d. none of the above
ANS: B

10. If an AM radio station increases its modulation index, you would expect:
a. the audio to get louder at the receiver c. the signal-to-noise ratio to increase
b. the received RF signal to increase d. all of the above
ANS: D

11. The modulation index can be derived from:

a. the time-domain signal c. both a and b
b. the frequency-domain signal d. none of the above
ANS: C

12. The main problem in using quadrature AM would be:

a. requires too much bandwidth c. incompatibility with ordinary AM radios
b. requires too much power d. all of the above
ANS: C
13. As compared to plain AM, SSB AM:
a. is more efficient
b. requires a more complex demodulator circuit
c. requires less bandwidth
d. all of the above
ANS: D

14. The SC in SSB SC stands for:

a. single-carrier c. sideband-carrier
b. suppressed-carrier d. none of the above
ANS: B

15. PEP stands for:

a. Peak Envelope Power c. Peak Envelope Product
b. Peak Efficiency Power d. none of the above
ANS: A

16. If an SSB transmitter radiates 1000 watts at peak modulation, what will it radiate with no modulation?
a. 1000 watts c. 250 watts
b. 500 watts d. 0 watts
ANS: D

17. Music on AM radio stations is "low-fidelity" because:

a. AM is susceptible to noise
b. commercial AM stations use low power
c. commercial AM stations have a narrow bandwidth
d. all of the above
ANS: C

18. The type of information that can be sent using AM is:

a. audio c. digital data
b. video d. all of the above
ANS: D

19. Two tones modulate an AM carrier. One tone causes a modulation index of m1 and the other tone
causes a modulation index of m2. The total modulation index is:
a. m1 + m2 c. sqrt(m1 m2 + m2 m1)
b. (m1 + m2) / 2 d. sqrt(m1 m1 + m2 m2)
ANS: D

20. To demodulate a USB SSB signal, the receiver must:

a. be set to USB mode c. both a and b
b. reinsert the carrier d. none of the above
ANS: C

COMPLETION
1. An advantage of AM is that the receiver can be very ____________________.
ANS: simple

2. A disadvantage of AM is its ____________________ use of power.

ANS: inefficient

3. The ____________________ of an AM signal resembles the shape of the baseband signal.

ANS: envelope

4. In AM, modulating with a single audio tone produces ____________________ sidebands.

ANS: two

5. Compared to the USB, the information in the LSB is ____________________.

ANS: the same
6. Compared to the USB, the power in the LSB is ____________________.
ANS: the same

7. In AM, total sideband power is always ____________________ than the carrier power.
ANS: less

8. In AM, as the modulation index increases, the carrier power _________________________.

ANS: remains constant

9. The power in an AM signal is maximum when the modulation index is ____________________.

ANS: one

10. In AM, a voice-band signal of 300 Hz to 3000 Hz will require a bandwidth of

____________________.
ANS: 6000 Hz

11. With a 1-MHz carrier, if the LSB extends down to 990 kHz, then the USB will extend up to
____________________.
ANS: 1010 kHz

12. If an AM transmitter puts out 100 watts with no modulation, it will put out ____________________
watts with 100% modulation.
ANS: 150

SHORT ANSWER
1. An AM transmitter generates 100 watts with 0% modulation. How much power will it generate with
20% modulation?
ANS: 102 watts

2. If the carrier power is 1000 watts, what is the power in the USB at 70.7% modulation?
ANS: 125 watts

3. A carrier is modulated by three audio tones. If the modulation indexes for the tones are 0.3, 0.4, and
0.5, then what is the total modulation index?
ANS: 0.707

4. You look at an AM signal with an oscilloscope and see that the maximum Vpp is 100 volts and the
minimum Vpp is 25 volts. What is the modulation index?
ANS: 0.6
5. A SSB transmitter is connected to a 50-ohm antenna. If the peak output voltage of the transmitter is 20
volts, what is the PEP?
ANS: 4 watts