International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 118 No. 24 2018

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

Simulation and Experimental Analysis of

Hybrid DC-DC Converter for Electric
Vehicle Applications
R.Elavarasu1 , and C.Christober Asir Rajan2
1
Department of EEE, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology,
Chennai, India.
2
Department of EEE, Pondicherry Engineering College,
Puducherry, India

May 9, 2018

Abstract
This proposal presents a Hybrid DC-DC converter for
electric vehicle applications. This converter is designed with
two input sources (Solar PV), a bidirectional storage port
(Battery) and an output port. The proposed converter is
same as that of three phase inverter. The proportional in-
tegral controller used for control the output dc voltage of
the system. The proposed test for sudden change in loading
conditions, sudden change in reference conditions, change
in irradiance conditions. Simulation results and hardware
results are presented for justify the proposed work.
Key Words:Hybrid converter, DC-DC converter, PI
controller.

1 Introduction
In recent years, greenhouse gas emissions have increased with ad-
vances in technology, leading to global warming and climate change.

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The energy technology industry continues to be heavily dependent

on fossil fuels and is unable to handle this stringent environment [1,
2]. Therefore, the use of green energy has become the core of major
economic strategies and is a key focus in world politics, especially
because reducing greenhouse gas emissions and conserving energy
are the main global concerns at present. In general, because of the
large difference between the output voltage of green energy appara-
tus and the operating voltage of DC bus, a high step-up converter
is always required for connecting these two stages. A conventional
boost converter should operate with an extremely high duty ratio to
provide high step-up voltage. In particular, its maximum step-up
ratio is limited by the parasitic elements of the circuit components.
The existence of parasitic components [3] and the reverse recovery
time of diode [4] reduce the converter efficiency. Consequently, the
use of conventional boost converters in the field of green energy is
limited. Recently, to achieve a high step-up ratio, the use of a se-
ries boost converter, the voltage-lift technique, a coupled inductor,
and a cascade circuit structure has been proposed [511]. When the
switch of the boost converter is open, a large current flows through
the power components, and therefore, power components with high
current stress are required, which implies high cost and conduction
energy loss. The conventional flyback converter and forward con-
verter have also been proposed for achieving high step-up voltages.
However, because the leakage inductance of the transformer in these
ones can lead to high reverse voltage across the switch, a passive
snubber circuit or an active clamp is required to suppress such a
reverse voltage. A passive snubber circuit has a resistance that de-
pletes the excess energy of the leakage inductance, thereby reducing
the circuit efficiency. By contrast, an active clamp results in many
components being added to the circuit, which not only increases
cost but also renders inverter control difficult. In [12], a topology
was proposed for solving the leakage inductance problem; however,
the remaining disadvantageslarge circuit size and high costpersist.
For the reasons mentioned above, in this paper we propose a
novel hybrid bidirectional DC/DC converter. When the energy sup-
plied by the PV modules is sufficient, the converter can not only
step up the output of the PV modules, but also provide energy
to the DC bus and charge the battery simultaneously. However,
when the energy supplied is insufficient, the converter can step up

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the output of the battery and provide energy to the DC bus. Any
excess energy in the DC bus is used to charge the battery, imply-
ing that the proposed topology can perform both high step-up and
high step-down functions. The topology proposed is isolated, and
the DC -blocking capacitor on the high-voltage side can reduce the
voltage on the transformer, facilitating the operation of the system
in the high step-down mode. An improved three phase inverter
is used on the low-voltage side of the PV modules to step up the
output of the PV modules for charging the battery and providing
energy to the DC bus. The proposed topology consists of three
operational modes, which reduce the cost and size of the system
considerably. Furthermore, the converter can perform synchronous
rectification and recycle energy from the leakage inductor simulta-
neously functions increase the overall efficiency of the system con-
siderably.

2 Hybrid DC-DC converter for electric

vehicle application
The block diagram of hybrid DC-DC converter for electric vehicle
applications is shown in the Figure 1. The system consist of two
solar PV system, one bidirectional battery storage system, three
phase inverter system, step up transformer, diode bridge rectifier,
filter, load, proportional integral controller, and switching and logic
circuits. The output voltage is compared with reference voltage and
then it is processed via proportional integral controller. The PI
controller is produces control signal for switching and logic circuits
and it drive the inverter circuits and it tracks the reference voltage.
The parameter of the proportional integral controller is tuned using
trial and error method.

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Fig.1. Hybrid DC-DC converters

3 Simulink model and results

The rating of the solar panel and battery in shown in Table 1. The
overall simulink model is created in MATLAB 2015b 64 bit version
with 1.7 GHz PC. Figure 2 shows the overall simulink model of the
hybrid DC-DC converter.

Table.1. Specification of solar PV and Battery

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Fig.2. Simulink model of the hybrid DC-DC converter

The proposed sytem is tested for different reference voltage condi-

tions and change in load conditions. Figure 3 shows the voltage
response for different reference voltage conditions, load change in
conditions. By examin the voltage response, it is track the refer-
ence voltage settings. And also, no changes in the voltage response
during sudden load change in conditions. From these results, it
is ascetained that the proposed sustem is suitable for the electric
vehicle applications. In order to justify the effectiveness of the pro-
posed system, experimental verfication of the proposed system is
explained in the next section.

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Fig.3. Simulation results, a) Voltage response at reference voltage

100, b) Voltage response at reference voltage 200, c) Voltage
response for load change from 0.2 amps to 0.5 amps, d) Voltage
response for load change from 0.5 amps to 0.2 amps

4 Experimental setup and results

To verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, simplified ex-
perimental setup block diagram is shown in Figure 4. Snap shot of
real time experimental setup is shown in Figure 5.

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Fig.4. simplified block diagram of the experimental setup of

hybrid DC-DC converter

Fig.5. Snap shot of real time hardware setup of hybrid DC-DC

converter

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Fig.6. Hardware results of the proposed system

Figure 6 shows the hardware results of the proposed system and

responses are similar to the simulation results. Performance pa-
rameter comparisons of the simulation results and hardware results
are shown in Table 2.

Table.2. Comparisons of the simulation and hardware results

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5 Conclusions
In this paper, hybrid DC-DC converter system is proposed for elec-
tric vehicle applications. The overall system is created and simu-
lated in MATLAB / Simulink. The proposed system is tested with
different operating conditions. Finally, the proposed system is ver-
ified experimentally and compared with simulation results. From
these results analyze, it is ascertained that the proposed hybrid DC
DC converter is suitable for electric vehicle applications.

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