Chapter 4 • Embryonic Period (Weeks 3-8)

Table 1 1-4-1. Germ Layer Derivatives

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
Surface ectoderm Muscle Forms epithelial lining of:
Epidermis Smooth G I track: foregut, m idgut, and hindgut
Hair Cardiac Lower respiratory system : larynx,
Nails Skeletal trachea, b ronchi, a n d lung

I n ner ear, external ear Con nective tissu e Genitourinary system: u rinary bladder,
u rethra, a n d lower vagin a
Enamel of teeth A l l serous membranes
Pha ryngeal pouches:
Len s of eye Bone a n d cartilage • Auditory tube and middle ear
Anterior pituitary (Rathke's pouch)
•
B lood, lym ph, cardiovascular Palati n e tonsils
Parotid glan d
• Parathyroid glands
organs
A n a l canal below pectinate line Adrenal cortex • Thymus
Neuroectoderm Gonads a n d internal reproductive
organs Forms parenchyma of:
Neura l tube
• Liver
Spleen
Central nervous system
• Pancreas
Retina a n d optic nerve Kidn ey a n d u reter
• Submandibula r and sublingual
Pinea l glan d D u ra mater glands
Neurohypophysis • Follicles of thyroid glan d
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Notochord
Neural crest ectoderm
N ucleus p ulposus
Adrenal medulla
G anglia
Sensory-Pseudoun ipolar
Neurons
Autonomic-Postga nglionic
Neurons
Pigment cells
Schwan n cells
Meninges
Pia a n d arach noid mater
Pharyngeal a rch cartilage
Odontoblasts
Parafollicular (C) cells
Aorticopulmonary septum
Endocardial cushions

Yolk sac derivatives:

Primordial germ cells

Early blood cells and blood vessels

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