Corrections

- is typically carried out by government agencies and involves the punishment, treatment,
and
supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.

Penology - The study of the punishment of crime and prison management.Is a section
of criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice to repress criminal activities via
an appropriate treatment and supervision of persons convicted of criminal offenses.

Punishment - is the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an

offense."The penalty inflicted".

Prison reform - is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons and aiming a a more
effective penal system.

Prison - is a place in which people are physically confined and usually deprived of a range
of personal freedoms.

Jail - is a short term detention facility.

Halfway house - also called recovery house or sober house - is a place to allow people to
begin the process of reintegration with society while still providing monitoring and support;
this is generally believed to reduce the risk of recidivism or relapse when compared to
a release directly into society.

Rehabilitation - it came from latin word "habilis" literally fit or suitable. Its meaning was
expanded to mean "restore to sound operation" or "to establish the good reputation".

Solitary confinement - is a special form of imprisonment in which a prisoner is isolated fro

any human contact, though often with theexception of members of prison staff.
Jail Prison

 a place of detention; a  a place of long term

place where a person
convicted or suspected of a
crime is detained.
 BJMP
 DILG
 holds people awaiting trial
and people sentenced for a
short duration.
confinement for those
convicted of serious
crimes.
 Bureau of Corrections
 DOJ
 holds people convicted of
crimes;sentenced for a
longer term.

Zebulon Reed Brockway - regarded as the father of prison reform inthe United States.
Believed that the primary reason to have a prisoner in custody was to rehabilitate and not
simply to punish. Warden at theElmira reformatory from 1876 to 1900. He
introduced the following:

1. a program of education
 2. training in useful trades
3. physical activity
4. indeterminate sentence
5. inmate classification
6. incentive program.

Alexander Maconochie - (1787 -1860) - a Scottish naval officer, geographer and penal
reformer. His two basic principle of penology were that:

1. as cruelty debases both the victim and society, punishment should not be vindictive
but should aim at the reform of theconvict to observe social constraints.
2. a convicts imprisonment should consist of task, not time sentences with release
depending on the performance of ameasurable amount of labor.

Modern Form/Method of Punishment

1. Execution - for capital offenses. ex. death by lethal injection

2. Imprisonment/Incarceration
3. Fines
4. Probation and Parole
5. House Arrest - is a measure by which a person is confined bythe authorities to his
or her residence. Travel is usually restricted if allowed at all.

Ancient Form/Method of Punishment

1. shame punishment
2. exile/banishment
3. payment to the victim
4. branding - (Stigmatizing) - is the process by which a mark is burned into the skin of
a living person.
5. flogging - (flagellation) - is the act of methodically beating or whipping the human
body.
6. mutilation - (maiming) - is the act of physical injury that degrades the appearance
or function of any living body usually without causing death.
7. burning
8. beheading
9. torture

* In the Philippines so far, 17 persons were executed

by hanging, 84 persons were executed by electric
chair, 7 persons were executed by lethal injection.

* Majority of inmates confined in national prison did

not finish high school, 6% never went to school or
were illiterate and 3% earned a college degree.