Introduction of polymer

and polymerization
 Vulcanization of natural rubber

Charles Goodyear (1800-1860)

Macromolecular hypothesis

HERMANN STAUDINGER (1881-1965)

1953 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry

for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular
chemistry.

Residence: Germany
Some commercial polymer
Many application fields
Many application fields
 Poly.........mer
many units

—M—M—M—M—M—M—
or
—(M)n —
 Poly.........mer

Polimer
repeat repeat repeat
unit unit unit
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
H H H H H H H Cl H Cl H Cl H CH3 H CH3 H CH3

Polyethylene (PE) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polypropylene (PP)

 Poly.........mer

Polimer
repeat repeat repeat
unit unit unit
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
H H H H H H H Cl H Cl H Cl H CH3 H CH3 H CH3

Polyethylene (PE) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polypropylene (PP)

H H H H H H
C C C H
H Cl H H H
H H
Monomer
 Definitions

Polymer

Repeating unit

Monomer

Oligomer

Single repeat unit: MONOMER

Many repeat units: POLYMER

Degree of polymerization
The number of the repeating units Example  —(M)n —
 Classifications of polymers

Main classifications of the polymers

 by origin
 by monomer composition
 by chain structure
 by thermal behavior
 by kinetics or mechanism
 by application
 Classifications of polymers

by origin
 Natural polymer
cellulose
carbohydrate
protein
natural rubber

 Synthetic polymer
Polyethylene
polystyrene
polypropylene
PVC
PTFE
 Classifications of polymers

by monomer composition
 Homopolymer
Consist of only one type of constitutional repeating unit (A)

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
 Classifications of polymers

 Copolymer
Statistical
 Statistical copolymer (Random)
ABAABABBBAABAABB
 Alternating copolymer
ABABABABABABABAB Alternating

 Block copolymer
AAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBB Block
 Graft copolymer
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
B B B
Graft
B B B
 Classifications of polymers

by chain structure

(a) linear (b) branch (c) network

Increasing strength of polymer

 Classifications of polymers

by thermal behavior
 Classifications of polymers

by thermal behavior
 Classifications of polymers

By Kinetics or Mechanism

 Step-growth  polimerisasi kondensasi

 Chain-growth  polimerisasi addisi

By Application
 Plastics
 Fibers
 Elastomers
 Coatings
 Adhesives
 Classifications of polymers

Elastomers
• Crosslinked rubbery polymers that can be stretched easily
to high extensions and which rapidly recover their original
dimensions when the applied stress is released.
• Low crosslink density.
Example…
 Type of polymerization

• Chain-growth polymers, also known as

addition polymers, are made by chain
reactions
 Type of polymerization

• Step-growth polymers, also called

condensation polymers, are made by
combining two molecules by removing a small
molecule
 Addition vs. Condensation Polymerization

• Polymerisation reactions can generally be

written as
x-mer + y-mer (x +y)-mer
• In a reaction that leads to condensation
polymers, x and y may assume any value
• i.e. chains of any size may react together as
long as they are capped with the correct
functional group
 Quizz…

Tuliskan reaksi Chain Growth dan Step Growth dari

polymerisasi PS dan PET!
 Addition vs. Condensation Polymerization

• In addition polymerization although x may

assume any value, y is confined to unity
• i.e. the growing chain can react only with a
monomer molecule and continue its growth
Polymerization reaction
 Exceptional

And more……
 Quiz…

1. Gambarkan Struktur polimer dan tentukan monomer dari:

a. PP
b. PTFE
c. PET
2. What is the molecular weight for polypropylene with
degree of polymerization of 30000?
3. Write the polymer structure and determine the type of
polymer (linear, branch, network) and polymerization !

a. b.
THANK YOU