QUICK START http://quickstarts.asp.net/QuickStartv20/aspnet/doc/pages/pages.

aspx
WalkThough http://www.asp.net/data-access/tutorials#Editing, Inserting, and
Deleting Data
Business Logic http://www.asp.net/data-access/tutorials/creating-a-business-log
ic-layer-cs
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What is AJAX?
AJAX stands for Asynchronous Java and XML
Ajax is a set of technologies, supported by a web browser, including following e
lements:

Html and CSS for presenting.

JavaScript (ECMAScript) for local processing, and DOM (Document Object Model) to
access data inside the page or to access element of XML file read on the server
(with the getElementByTagName method for example)...
The XMLHttpRequest class reads or sends data on the server asynchronously.

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Why We Use AJAX?
AJAX is the acronym for Asynchronous Java and XML

Unlike older approache, which require reloading of the entire page with every po
stback, Ajax uses the JavaScript DOM, the XMLHttpRequest object, XML, and CSS to
download and displays just the content that needs to change.

Ajax rich clients in the realworld

The key elements of Ajax

Loading data asynchronously using XML technologies

Third-party libraries and frameworks

Working with the server side

Security and performance with Ajax

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How does AJAX works?
Ajax uses a programming model with displays and events. These events are user ac
tions, they call functions associated to element of the web page.
Interactive is achieved with forms and buttons. DOM allows to link elements of t
he page with actions and also to extract data from XML files provided by the ser
ver.
To get data on the server, XMLHttpRequest provides two methods is as follows:
- open: create a connection.
- send: send a request to the server.
Data furnished by the server will be found in the attributes of the XMLHttpReque
st object:
- responseXml for a Xml file or
- responseText for a simple text.
Take note that a new XMLHttpRequest object has to be created for each new files
to load.
We have to wait for the data to be available to process it, and in this purpose,
the state of availabile of data is given by the readyState attribute of XMLHttp
Request.
States of readyState follow :
0: not initialized.
1: connection etablished.
2: request received.
3: answer in process.
4: finished.

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Difference between AJAX and DHTML
Dhtml has same purpose as Ajax, a set of standards:
- Html,
- Css,
- JavaScript.

Dhtml allows to change the display of the page from text typed by the user or fr
om user commands.

Ajax allows also to send request asynchronously and load data from the server.

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The Purpose of Using AJAX
The purpose of Ajax is that of giving illusion that websites are responsive. It
achieves this by processing requests which involves the sending and receiving of
small packets of data without refreshing the web browser. Ajax is founded on:
XHTML - A rigid subset of html which is used to mark-up or to style the informat
ion.
DOM - The Document Object Model which can be accessed by the client browser.
XMLHttpRequest - The object which is used to exchange the information asynchrono
usly.
XML - The format which is used to transfer the data from the server to the clien
t.

AJAX(Programming)
The Ajax technique use a combination of:
XHTML (or HTML) and CSS, for marking up and styling information.
The DOM accessed with a client-side scripting language, especially ECMAScript im
plementation such as JavaScript and JScript, to dynamically displays and interac
t with the information presented.
The XMLHttpRequest is a object which is used to exchange data asynchronously wit
h the web server. In some Ajax framework and in certain situations, an IFrameobj
ect is used instead of the XMLHttpRequest object to exchange data with the web s
erver, and in other implementations, dynamically added <script> tag may be used.
XML is sometimes used as the format for transferring data between the client and
server , although any format will work, including preformatted HTML, plain text
, EBML These files may be created dynamically by some form of the server-side sc
ripting.

Advantages Of AJAX
» Bandwidth utilization
By generating the HTML locally within the browser, and only bringing down JavaSc
ript calls and the actual data from the Ajax web pages can appear to load quickl
y since the payload coming down is much smaller in size. An example of this tech
nique is a large results set where multiple pages of data exist. With Ajax, the
HTML of the page, e.g., a table control and related TD and TR tag can be produce
d locally in the browser and not brought down with the first page of data. If th
e user click other pages, only the data is brought, and populated into the HTML
generated in the browser.
» Interactivity
Ajax application is mainly executed on the user's machine, by manipulating the c
urrent page within their browser using document object model methods. Ajax can b
e used for a multitude of tasks such as updating or deleting records; expanding
web forms; returning simple search queries; or editing category trees all without
the requirement to fetch a full page of HTML each time a change is made. General
ly only small requests need to be sent to the server, and relatively short respo
nses are sent back. This permits the development of more interactive application
featuring more responsive user interfaces due to the use of DHTML techniques
Disadvantages Of AJAX
» Usability: back button and bookmarks
Web applications that utilize Ajax may break the expected behavior of the browse
r back button. The difference between returning to a previous state of the curre
nt, dynamically modified page versus going back to a previous static page might
be subtle one, but users generally expect that clicking the back button in web a
pplications will move their browser to the last page it loaded, and in Ajax appl
ications this might not be the case.
Another issue is that dynamic web pages update make it difficult for a user to b
ookmark a particular state of the application. Solutions to this problem exist,
many of which use the URL fragment identifier (the portion of a URL after the '#
' ) to keep track of, and allow users to return to, the application in a given s
tate. This is possible because many browsers allow JavaScript to update the frag
ment identifier of the URL dynamically, so that Ajax applications can maintain i
t as the user changes the application's state. This solution also improves back-
button support. It is, however, not a complete solution.
» Response-time concerns
T he interval between user request and server response or the network latency ne
eds to be considered carefully during Ajax development. Without clear feedback t
o the user , smart preloading of data and proper handling of the XMLHttpRequest
object, user might experience delay in the interface of the web application, som
ething which users might not expect or understand. Additionally, when an entire
page is rendered there is a brief moments of re-adjustment for the eye when the
content changes. The lack of this re-adjustment with smaller portions of the scr
een changing makes the latency more apparent. The use of visual feedback (such a
s throbbers) to alert the user of background activity and/or preloading of conte
nt and data are often suggested solutions to these latency issues. In general th
e potential impact of latency has not been "solved" by any of the open source Aj
ax toolkits and framework available today, such as the effect of latency varianc
e over time.
» What You Should Already Know?
Before you continue you should have some basic understanding of the following la
nguage:
HTML / XHTML
CSS
XML
JavaScript
If you want to study this subject first, find the tutorials on our Home page.