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Abstract—Although multi-touch technology is currently a products have been successfully commercialized [10, 11].
research focus in the field of Human-Computer Interaction, Compared with the traditional input devices, one of the biggest
its relative research, however, is still comparatively few in advantages of multi-touch capable devices is that it allows for
China. In this paper 1 , several foreign multi-touch multiple users to operate simultaneously.
technologies based on senor and computer vision are Various technologies have been introduced to develop
introduced and the advantages and disadvantages of these multi-touch capable devices. They are of respective
technologies are analyzed briefly. It is important for studying characteristics. These technologies are diverse in terms of their
the technology of detection and tracking touch-point in approach to the problem of recognizing and interpreting
multi-touch. Furthermore the FTIR (Frustrated Total multiple simultaneous touches. We can put these techniques
Internal Reflection) and DI (Diffused Illumination) which into two categories (see Table 1). This paper will give a brief
are based on computer vision multi-touch technology are overview of recent approaches to implementing multi-touch
highlighted. Finally, several crucial techniques in the field capable devices and discusses the advantages and
of multi-touch technology are also discussed. disadvantages that come with each approach. For a more
complete history of multi-touch devices see Bill Buxton’s
Keywords-Multi-touch; senor; Computer vision; FTIR; DI Multi-touch systems I have known & loved [2].
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infrared camera set under the acrylic board through the touch shared a lot of information and valuable experience about the
screen. The corresponding touch information can be detected building of multi-point Touch system.
through corresponding software (Touchlib). Touchlib [27] is a
set of software library developed by NUI Group for the multi- IV. THE KEY TECHNOLOGY OF MULTI-TOUCH
touch system development, which implements the majority of
computer vision algorithms. This technique can detect multiple Multi-touch technology can be simply divided into two
touch points and the location of exposure by using only a parts: hardware and software. Hardware serves to complete the
simple Blob detection algorithm [4, 28]. information collection and software to complete the analysis of
information which are finally converted into specific user
In fact, FTIR principle has long been used to produce a commands. It is believed that the Multi-touch key technology
number of input devices, such as a fingerprint reader. Jefferson should include the following major components:
first used FTIR principle to build a low-cost multi-point touch
screen [4], which greatly reduced the Multi-touch technology Multi-touch Hardware Platform
research cost.
As described earlier in this article the hardware platform,
(2) Diffused Illumination (DI) these platforms have their own advantages and disadvantages.
The knowledge of these platforms helps to understand how to
DI (Diffused Illumination) multi-touch technology refers to
build interaction platforms of lower cost, more convenient
infrared radiation which reaches the touch screen from the
installation and more preciser target selection and to study a
bottom of, and places the diffuse reflection surface on or
number of other interactive technology unrelated to the
unearth touch screen. When objects touch the screen, the
platforms.
screen will reflect more infrared light than the diffuse
reflectance do, and then the camera would read and the
corresponding touch information would be detected through The Accuracy of Selection for Multi-touch Device
the Touchlib. With this diffuse reflection screen objects Precision choice technology, in fact is the detection of
hovering and on the surface can also be detected. contact tracing, and it has great significance on how to
accurately track and locate contacts to achieve the freedom of
Compared with FTIR, DI technology has certain gesture interaction. In particular, when the target size is very
advantages. DI system can detect objects’ hovering state (the small, how our fingers could accurately locate the goal we
system can recognize hand or fingers moving across the screen, want, is the content worth deep study.
or closer to the screen, without having to actually touch). In
addition, the DI-based systems rely on "see" what is on the
Identification Technology
screen, rather than detect touch, and so, DI is able to identify
and detect objects and object tags. But, compared with the Existing Multi-touch technology detects the contact without
simple use of Blob tracking and detection algorithm of FTIR, carrying information of users. The technology that can now
DI uses more complex image processing technology. In identify the user’s identity is Diamond Touch technology
addition, DI system is vulnerable to external light effect. (which can identify up to four users). Literature [30] has
proposed a lightweight user identification technology through
Microsoft’s Surface [17] is the multi-touch system based on the use of finger pointing in the FTIR platform. To study which
the back of the DI (Diffuse Illumination) technology. Surface user the identified contact is from and, further, from which
built-in camera can not only sense input of users such as the hand of the user, and which contacts respond to a specific user,
touch and gestures (finger moving across the screen), but also and son on is of great value to the interactive multi-user
be able to identify and capture the required information of collaboration work on the large-sized interactive area.
objects placed on the above. This information is sent to the
common type of Windows PC for processing, and the results Bimanual Interactive Technology
from the digital light processing (DLP) projector are sent back
to the Surface. Microsoft Surface is able to sense multiple Hands operation is the most commonly used mode of
fingers and hands, and can identify a variety of objects and operation in daily life. The applications of these natural and
their location on the surface. man-machine interaction process can greatly reduce the
operator’s cognitive load, form a natural “consciousness ~
There are other computer vision-and-optics-based Multi- Action” and increase the efficiency of interaction, which is
touch systems, such as: laser plane multi-touch technology believe to be a future research priority.
proposed by Alex (LLP); light-emitting diodes planar multi-
touch technology (LED-LP) made by Nima; the scattered light V. CONCLUSIONS
plane multi-touch technology (DSI) presented by Tim Roth.
These technologies can be used to build Multi-touch devices. In the paper, several foreign multi-touch technologies based
For more information, one can visit the Natural User Interface on senor and computer vision are introduced and the
Group (NUI Group) open-source community website advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are
(http://www.nuigroup.com [29]). NUI Group was founded in analyzed briefly. It is very meaningful for us to build the
2006, and is the world’s largest online open source community interactive platforms, which are cheaper, more convenient and
on natural user interface. NUI Group provides an environment portable to install and have more precise target selection.
for mutual exchange for developers interested in human- Finally a number of key technologies of the multi-touch
computer interaction and its members have collected and technology are introduced. Although the Multi-touch
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technology provides a more natural and efficient way of Tangible and Embedded Interaction. 2009, ACM: Cambridge, United
interaction, and has broad application prospects in many areas, Kingdom.
there are still many problems to be solved. Only by solving [19] T. Hansen, “Multi-Touch user interfaces,” unpublished.
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factors in computing systems. 1985. San Francisco, California, United
We would like to thank all the authors of the papers which States: ACM.
we surveyed. And we would like to thank TingQi take part in [22] Z. Zhengyou, W. Ying, S. Ying and S. Steven , “Visual Panel: virtual
our information collection. We are also grateful to the staff of mouse, keyboard and 3d controller with an ordinary piece of paper,” in
Computer Appliance Key Lab of Yunnan Province. Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces. 2001,
ACM: Orlando, Florida.
[23] P. Wellner, “Interacting with paper on the digitaldesk, ” Commun, ACM,
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