STARTER MOTORS

INTRODUCTION:-

Automobile self starter also known as starter motor or simply starter is an electric motor initiates
rotational motion in an internal combustion engine before it can power itself. The electric starter
ensures that anyone could easily start and run an internal combustion engine of any vehicle car.
One of the important feature of these electric motors is a soft on/off electronic switch for easy
operation.

Automobile self starter or starter motor are known for flawless performance and high durability.
These parts find application in trucks, tractors, cars, bikes and ATV of all models and makes.
These starter motors are equipped with various high quality components made by renowned
companies. These motors are highly dependable and economically priced. These are motors are
capable to suit various applications

RANGES OF STARTER MOTORS:-

(BOSCH) (LUCAS)
HISTORY:-

Internal combustion engine requires the pistons to be moved before the ignition phase of the
cycle. This means that the engine must be set in motion by an external force prior to the action in
which it can power itself. Based on the same principle, the First Generation motors used hand
cranks to start the engine, but it was difficult, and dangerous to crank-start an engine. Although
crank had overrun mechanism, when the engine started, the crank could begin to spin along with
crankshaft. The person starting the engine had potential risk of injury from the crank. Additional
care had to be taken to prevent back firing; with an advanced crank setting.

While the need for self starter motor was fairly obvious as early as 1899, Clyde J. Coleman
applied for U.S. Patent 745,157 for an electric automobile self-starter. However, inventing motor
with that could successfully work in all the conditions did not occur until 1911 when Charles F.
Kettering of Dayton Engineering Laboratories (DELCO) invented and filed for U.S. Patent
1,150,523 for the first useful electric starter. This type of starter motors were first installed by
Cadillac on production models in 1912. The starters also worked as generators once the engine
was running, a concept that is now being revived in hybrid vehicles. The Second Generation
electric starters ensured that anyone could easily start and run an internal combustion engine car.

The credit for developing Third Generation starter motor goes to Chrysler Corporation. In 1932,
introduced a starter incorporating a geartrain between the motor and the driveshaft. Rolls Royce
had introduced a conceptually similar starter in 1946, but Chrysler's was the first volume-
production unit. The motor shaft had integrally cut teeth forming a drive gear which mesh with a
larger adjacent driven gear to provide a gear reduction ratio of 3.75:1. This permitted the use of
higher speed, lower current, lighter and more compact motor assembly. This starter
formedthedesign basis or the offset gear reduction starters now employed by about half the
vehicles on the road.
WORKING:-

Starter Motor is instrumental for initial engine rotation. It consumes a large amount of battery
current, which is also shared by other elements of the circuit. The common belief is that the current
produced by battery gets distributed to the ignition system to start the engine instantaneously.
However, it is not the case. Electric current can't set crankshaft in motion, as it bears a huge amount of
pressure created in the combustion chambers.

The starter motor uses the electric current produced by the battery and then performs its task of
rotating the flywheel. The flywheel in rotation enables piston movement. Afterwards, the piston starts
functioning independently only on the induction of combustible air and fuel mixtures. Due to a heavy
build and constitution, the starter motor needs massive electricity from the battery. It houses internal
working ancillaries like carbon brushes, rotating armature, field coil, etc. These components in
coordination make engine rotation possible. Starter motor and its internal working parts are robust
enough to withstand the negative thrust produced by the internal cylinder pressures on the piston.

Motor starter is connected to the positive terminal of the battery through the solenoid switch. The
solenoid switch is a transitional component, which facilitates metering of the incoming electric current.
The volume of current via solenoid to motor being massive, a large diameter wire is engaged for
transportation of the electric current. The current starts flowing in the starting circuit when the ignition
switch is turned on. Solenoid also enables movement of a lever, whose one end is connected to the
solenoid and the other to the drive.

Prior to starter motor working, the battery current is poured into the starter motor by the second
terminal of the solenoid. This current is absorbed by the field coil and the carbon brushes. Permanent
magnet strips are used in the construction of the field coil. Rotating armature in the form of copper
windings is placed to encompass by the field coil. One end of the armature is inserted in a circular metal
carbon-brush plate so that the metal portion of the armature made of copper rubs against the carbon
brushes hinged on the base plate. The tip of the armature is fitted into a circular recess in the body of
the starter motor.

The whole procedure though seems to be overly lengthy. However, in practical reality, the entire circuit
is completed within a fraction of second. All the inter-related functions happen so quick that one does
not give a thought to the starter motor when a vehicle breaks down and instead the battery is blatantly
put to blame.
TYPES:-

1. ELECTRIC STARTER:-

The modern starter motor is either a permanent magnet or a series/series-parallel

wound direct current electric motor. A solenoid switch is mounted on it. When current from the
battery is applied to the solenoid through a key-operated switch, it pushes out the drive pinion on
the starter drive shaft and meshes the pinion with the ring gear on the flywheel of the engine.

The solenoid also closes high-current contacts for the starter motor, which begins to turn. Once
the engine starts, the key-operated switch is opened. A spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the
pinion gear away from the ring gear. This yields the stopping of starter motor. The starter's
pinion is clutched to its drive shaft through an overrunning spray clutch, which permits the
pinion to transmit drive in only one direction. This way, drive is transmitted through the pinion
to the flywheel ring gear, but if the pinion remains engaged, the pinion will spin independently of
its drive shaft.
 2.GEAR-REDUCTION STARTER:-

Gear-reduction starters are almost entirely obsolete owing to their larger size,
heavier weight and higher current requirements. A direct-drive, movable pole shoe design are
mainly used for cost reduction rather than electrical or mechanical benefits. This type of starter
eliminated the solenoid, replacing it with a movable pole shoe and a separate starter relay. This
starter operates as follows:

 Operator closed the key-operated starting switch

 A small electric current flowed through the starter relay coil, closing the contacts and sending a
large current to the starter motor assembly
 Pole shoes linked to the starter drive
 Spring loaded away from its normal operating position, swung into position
 Pinion gear to engage the flywheel ring gear
 Closed a pair of heavy-duty contacts supplying current to the starter motor winding
 The starter motor cranked the engine until it started.
 Overrunning clutch in the pinion gear uncoupled the gear from the ring gear
 Operator released the key-operated starting switch, cutting power to the starter motor assembly
3.PNEUMATIC STARTER

Some gas turbine engines and Diesel engines (from trucks and earth moving
equipment) use pneumatic starters. These starters consist of a geared turbine, an air compressor
and a pressure tank. Compressed air released from the tank is used to spin the turbine. Apart
from it, a set of reduction gears engages the ring gear on the flywheel. The engine, once running,
powers the compressor to recharge the tank.

Another method uses additional valves in cylinder heads. Compressed air is let in the cylinders
so that its pressure pushes pistons down when appropriate. At the upward piston movement, air
is discharged through normal exhaust valves. Since large trucks typically use air brakes, the
system does double duty, supplying compressed air to the brake system. Pneumatic starters have
the advantages of delivering high torque, mechanical simplicity and reliability. They eliminate
the need for oversized, heavy storage batteries in prime mover electrical systems
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF LUCAS:-

SUN REF. PART

S.
PART NO. APPLICATION TEETH VOLT TYPE
NO.
NO. (LUCAS)
LRS-190,
26432,
SSM- 26264,
1 MF(35,65,135,168,168,260,350,560.) 10 12 M-45
1101 26412,
26220,
27409, 27432
LRS-172,
SSM- 27420, INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER
2 10 12 M-45
1102 26288, (WIND ROVER)
26132, 26193
LRS-170,
SSM- 26281, MASSEY FERGUSON (365/375,
3 10 12 M-45
1103 27415, 390/399)
26193, 27412
SSM- LRS-215,
4 MF (274,275,355,360,565,574) 10 12 M-45
1104 27407, 27433
LRS-124,
26283,
BARBER GREENE (SB110), SB111).
SSM- 26375,
5 MF (FORKLIFT 3200) MF (TRACTORS 10 12 M-45
1105 26422,
101C. 124C, 144C)
26148,
27412, 27435
LRS-115,
LRS-212,
26339, CASE TRACTORS; FORD FARM &
SSM-
6 26338, IND. EQUIP,: FORDSON, NEW 10 12 M-50
1201
26399, HOLLAND
27500,
27569, 26395
LRS-232 MASSEY FERGUSON FARM,
SSM-
7 ,27515, INDUSTRIAL TRACTORS, LONG 10 12 M-50
1202
27523, 27539 TRACTORS VW PERKINS DEISEL
 ENGINES
LRS-107,
SSM- LRS-435,
8 FORD (CARGO) 10 12 M-50
1203 26265,
26341, 27544
LRS-302,
SSM-
9 26349, BEDFORD (TL SERIES) 10 12 M-50
1204
26416, 27543
LRS-304,
SSM-
10 LRS-673, 13 12 M-50
1205
26388, 26407
MASSEY FURGUSON Ag & Industrial
SSM-
11 LRS-301 TRACTORS 5650 3-183 Same Diesel 10 12 M-50
1206
1994-2000
SSM- JC BAMFORD EXCAVATORS,
12 LRS-106 10 12 M-50
1207 LEYLAND NEFFIELD TRACTORS
LRS-115,
LRS-212, CASE TRACTORS; FORD FARM &
SSM-
13 26338, IND EQUIP,; FORDSON, NEW 10 12 M-127
1301
26395, HOLLAND
26339, 26399
LRS-232,
SSM-
14 26410, MASSEY FERGUSON (INMF 620,625) 10 12 M-127
1302
26435, 26366
LRS-107,
LRS-435
SSM- NEW HOLLAND WITH FORD 280
15 26265, 10 12 M-127
1303 DIESEL
26341,
27511, 27544
LRS-302,
SSM- 26349,
16 BEDFORD (TL SERIES) 10 12 M-127
1304 26416,
27443, 27543
LRS-304,
SSM- LRS-673,
17 13 12 M-127
1305 26388,
26407, 27501
SSM- JOHN DEERE Ag AND INDUSTRIAL
18 LRS-147 11 12 M-127
1306 TRACTOR - ZETOR ENGINE
SSM- IH(240,250,260,270,34O0,3500) IHC/
19 LRS-240 10 12 BEDFORD
1307 CASE
SSM- LRS-161, ALUS CHALMERS LOADER, IH -
20 10 12 M-127
1308 LRS-195 TRACTOR
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BOSCH:-

SUN REF. PART

S.
PART NO. APPLICATION TEETH VOLT TYPE
NO.
NO. BOSCH)
1 SSM- 0001.368.001 ABG, AHLMANN, BOMAG,
JF
2101 LRS 923 DEMAG,IVECO, KHD, LIEBHERR, O&K, 9 24
Type
POCLAIN, VOLVO, MAGIRUS - DEUTZ
2 SSM- 0001.368.026 CASE, CAREPILLAR, CUMMINS, DAF,
2102 0001.368.085 FIAT -ALLIS, HANOMAG, KAMATSU,
0001.368.040 MF-HANOMAG, PERKINS, RENAULT, JF
10 24
0001.368.051 VOLVO Type
9000.083.073
9000.083.076
3 SSM- 0001.367.004 ABG, ATLAS, ATLAS COPCO, BOMAG
2103 63216818 CLASS, CLAYSON, DEUTZ, DEUTZ-
LRS 921 FAHR, FUCHS, HAMM HANOMAG,
HATRA, INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER,
JF
IRMER U, ELZE, IVECO, JW, KHO, JW 9 12
Type
KAELBLE, LARMER LIE BHERR, LINDE,
MAGIRUS DEUTZ, MF, HANOMAG,
MENGELE, NEW HOLLAND, POCLAIN,
RENAULT
4 SSM- JF
10 12
2104 Type
5 SSM- 0001.362.305 ABG, ATLAS, ATLAS COPCO, BOMAG,
2105 BOSCH (POWER GEN), CASE , CLASS,
CLAYSON, DUETZ-FAHR, FAHR, FENDT
HAMM, HANOMAG, HENSCHEL, JD
9 12
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER, IRION, Type
JW KHD, IVECO, KRAMER, LINDE,
LIEBHERR, O&K, MENGELE, MWM-
DIESEL, VOLVO BM, ZETTELMEYER
6 SSM- 0001.359.021 9 12 JF
 2106 Type
7 SSM- 0.001.368.024 FAUN, LIEBHERR 9 24 JF
2107 Type
0.001.368.055 MERCEDES BENZ, OTOMARSAN
0.001.368.062
0.001.368.300
0.001.368.307
LRS-435