Accounting 9th Canadian Edition Volume 2 Solution

Accounting 9th Canadian Edition Volume 2
Solution
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Chapter 11
Current Liabilities and Payroll
Questions
1. A current liability is one that is payable within the coming year or within the company’s
normal operating cycle if longer than a year. All other liabilities are long-term.
A contingent liability is a potential liability that depends on a future event arising out of past
events. The future event will determine the amount and existence of the liability. A contingent
liability may or may not become an actual obligation.
2. The company reports current liabilities for the short-term note payable of $50,000 and for
interest payable of $1,000 ($50,000 ￗ 0.04 ￗ 6/12).
3. Retailers act as collecting agents for the federal government. Stores charge their customers
GST, but the GST belongs to the federal government. The store has a liability to pay the federal
government (Receiver General) the amount of tax collected less applicable input tax credits.
4. Current portion of long-term debt is the amount of the principal of long-term debt due within
one year. Because this amount is due within one year, it is reported as a current liability on the
balance sheet.
5. An accrued expense is an expense that has been incurred, but has not been paid. Because the
expense has been incurred but not paid, it must be accrued, thus it is a liability.
6. Accounts payable and short-term notes payable are both current liabilities, that is, both are due
and payable within one year or within the company’s operating cycle.
Differences:
Accounts payable are amounts owed for products or services that are purchased on open account.
Short-term notes payable are a form of financing.
Accounts payable have no interest obligation (however, if paid late, interest or late payment
charges could be incurred); short-term notes payable have a defined rate of interest due over the
term of the note.
7. At the beginning of the school term, tuition collected in advance is a liability of the school
because it is an unearned revenue. At the end of the term, the tuition is a revenue because the
tuition has been earned.
8. A customer deposit is a liability because the company has not provided service for the deposit
and must refund that cash to its customers under certain conditions. The security deposit
collected by telephone and other utility companies is an example.
9. The company’s warranty expense for the year is $50,000, the estimate based on the current
year’s sales. The matching objective demands that this expense be matched against the period’s
revenues.
10. A contingent liability of a definite amount arises from guaranteeing the note payable or loan
of another business. A contingent liability of indefinite amount arises from pending lawsuits in
which the business is the defendant and for which a loss is either unlikely or not estimable.
11. The two basic categories of current liabilities are:
– current liabilities of known amount
Accounts payable Accrued expenses
Sales tax payable Payroll liabilities
GST payable Salary, commission and bonus
Short-term notes payable payable
Current portion of long-term Unearned revenues
debt
– current liabilities that must be estimated
Estimated warranty payable
Estimated vacation pay liability
Income tax payable
12. Service businesses sell their employees’ services, so employment compensation is their
major expense of doing business, just as cost of goods sold is the largest expense in
merchandising.
13. The compensation of the factory supervisor is the company’s payroll expense. The company
would debit the salary to Salary Expense. The compensation of the outside consultant would be
debited to Consulting Expense.
14. Two elements of an employer’s payroll expense in addition to salaries, wages, commissions,
and overtime pay are employee government benefits expense and fringe benefits.
15. The amount of income tax withheld from employee paycheques depends on the employee’s
gross pay, the amount of nonrefundable tax credits claimed on the Personal Tax Credit Form
(TD1) and the tax rate set by CRA.
16. Canada Pension Plan is a pension plan administered by the federal government. The Quebec
Pension Plan is administered by the Quebec government. The governments collect contributions
from employees and employers to fund the plan. The funds are used to pay retirement pensions,
disability pensions, and death benefits to eligible Canadians and Quebec residents.
17. Required deductions: Income tax, Canada (or Quebec) Pension, and Employment Insurance
Optional deductions: Charitable donations, Canada Savings Bonds, Employee savings plans, and
Employee Benefits premiums
18. Three employee benefit expenses are Canada (or Quebec) Pension, Employment Insurance,
Workers’ Compensation and, where applicable, Provincial Payroll taxes regarding health and
education.
19. The employee and employer both pay Employment Insurance premiums; the employer’s
share is 1.4 times the employee’s share. The purpose of the Employment Insurance Fund is to
provide assistance to the contributors (employees) to the fund who cannot work for a variety of
reasons.
20. The payroll register, a special journal resembling the cash payments journal or cheque
register, lists the employees and the amounts needed to record salary or wage expense for the pay
period. It also serves as a cheque register for payroll by listing each payroll cheque number.
The earnings record for each employee provides the business with the information needed for
filing employee withholdings and benefits returns with the federal and provincial governments.
The earnings record also holds the information needed to prepare the statement of remuneration
paid, Form T4, given to each employee at the end of the year.
A special payroll bank account is sometimes used to disburse paycheques to employees.
Payroll cheques are used to pay employees. A paycheque is like any other cheque except that its
attachment lists the employee’s gross pay, payroll deductions, and net pay. Note that many
employers pay their employees through EFT (electronic funds transfer) and instead supply
employees with a pay statement that provides the same information as the payroll cheque stub
would have.
21. Employment insurance premiums are determined annually by the federal government.
Assuming a rate of 1.83% on earnings up to $45,900, the maximum employment insurance
premium this employee can pay is $839.97. The employer will contribute 1.4 times this amount
or $1,175.96.
22. The two principal types of internal controls over payroll are controls for efficiency and
controls for safeguarding payroll disbursements. Good internal controls for efficiency save time
and money in reconciling the bank account. These controls include following established policies
for hiring and terminating employees and complying with government regulations. Controls that
safeguard cash minimize fraud and ensure that the correct amount of cash is paid to the
appropriate employees.
23. Some companies use a special payroll bank account to keep the payroll cheques separate
from the day-to-day business cheques. It may be easier to complete two bank reconciliations that
are less complicated than one complicated bank reconciliation. Any payroll issues may also be
highlighted in a separate payroll bank-account reconciliation.
24. Three internal controls designed to safeguard payroll cash are (1) the separation of the
responsibility for hiring and terminating employees from the responsibility for distributing
paycheques; (2) ensuring paycheques are issued to the actual employee payee on the cheque; 3)
establishing a formal time-keeping system to ensure that employees actually worked the number
of hours claimed. The requirement that each employee wear an identification badge that bears his
or her picture and the designation of an employee from the home office as the occasional
distributor of paycheques are controls that help ensure that cash is paid only to bona fide
employees.
Starters
(10 min.) S 11-1
Req. 1
General Journal
DATE
2013 ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATIONS POST. REF. DEBIT CREDIT
a. Dec. 31 Interest Expense ($32,000 0.05 6/12) 800
Interest Payable 800
Accrued interest expense at year end.
2014
b. June 30 Note Payable, Short-Term 32,000
Interest Expense ($32,000 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 6/12) 800
Cash 33,600
Paid note and interest at maturity.
(5-10 min.) S 11-2
Mission Corp.
Balance Sheet (partial)
December 31, 2013
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Note payable, short-term $32,000
Interest payable 800
Mission Corp.
Income Sheet (partial)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013
Revenues:
Expenses:
Interest expense $800
(10 min.) S 11-3
Req. 1
General Journal
DATE 2014 ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATIONS POST. REF. DEBIT CREDIT
Jan. 31 Cash ($600,000 0.30) 180,000
Notes Receivable ($600,000 – $180,000) 420,000
Sales Revenue 600,000
To record sales.
Warranty Expense ($600,000 0.03) 18,000

Estimated Warranty Payable 18,000

Cash 9,000
To pay warranty claims.
Req. 2
Estimated Warranty Payable

9,000 18,000
Bal. 9,000
The estimated warranty balance at the end of 2014 is $9,000.
(5-10 min.) S 11-4
Warranty expense = $18,000

The warranty expense for the year does not necessarily equal the year’s cash payments for
warranties. Cash payments for warranties do not determine the amount of warranty expense for
that year. Instead, the warranty expense is estimated and matched against revenue during the
period of the sale, regardless of when the company pays for the warranty claims.
The matching objective addresses this situation.
(5-10 min.) S 11-5
1. These are contingent liabilities because at the time of the note Harley-Davidson, Inc. was not
liable for any of these product losses because they had not yet occurred.
2. The contingency can become a real liability if the user of a Harley-Davidson product suffers a
loss for which the company is responsible.
Harley-Davidson must pay for all losses up to $3 million and all losses above $25 million per
claim. The company is insured against losses for individual claims between $3 million and $25
million-for these losses, the company would pay the deductible amount specified in its insurance
policy.
(10 min.) S 11-6
1. Straight-time pay for 40 hours $840.00
Overtime pay for 10 hours: [10 ($840/40 1.5)] 315.00
Total pay $1,155.00
2. Total pay $1,155.00
Less: Withheld income tax ($1,155 0.20) $231.00
Withheld CPP ($1,155 0.0495) 57.17
Withheld EI ($1,155 0.0183) 21.14 309.31
Net pay $845.69
(10 min.) S 11-7

Straight-time pay for 40 hours $ 840.00
Overtime pay for 10 hours: [10 (840/40 1.5)] 315.00
Total pay to employee 1,155.00
Employer payroll expenses:
CPP expense ($57.17 from S11-6) 57.17
EI expense (1.4 $ from S11-6) 29.60
Pension ($1,155 0.05) 57.75
Provincial health insurance ($60 / 4) 15.00
Disability insurance ($8 / 4) 2.00 161.52
Total expense of employer $ 1,316.52
(10-20 min.) S 11-8

a.
Journal
DATE ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATIONS POST. REF. DEBIT CREDIT
Salary Expense (see S 11-6) 1,155.00
Employee Income Tax Payable (S 11-6) 231.00
Canada Pension Plan Payable (S 11-6) 57.17
Employment Insurance Payable (S 11-6) 21.14
Salary Payable 845.69
To record salary expense and employee withholdings.
b.
Journal
Pension Expense (S 11-7) 57.75
Provincial Health Insurance Expense (S 11-7) 15.00
Disability Insurance Expense (S 11-7) 2.00
Employee Benefits Payable 74.75
To record employee benefits payable.
c.
Journal
Employee Benefits Expense 86.77
Canada Pension Plan Payable (S 11-7) 57.17
Employment Insurance Payable (S 11-7) 29.60
To record employer’s payroll expenses.
EI Payable is calculated as $21.14 x 1.4 = $29.60.
(5-10 min.)S 11-9
Journal
Mar. 15 Employment Insurance Payable 50.74
Canada Pension Plan Payable 114.34
Employee Income Tax Payable 231.00
Cash 396.08
To record remittance to CRA.
EI Payable = $21.14 + $29.60 = $50.74
CPP Payable = $57.17 + $57.17 = $114.34
(10 min.) S 11-9Mar5937
(10-15 min.)S 11-10
Gross pay $4,000

Less:
Withheld income tax deductions ($4,000 0.20) $(800)
Pension contribution ($4,000 0.04) (160)
Health insurance premium (60) (1,020)
Net pay $2,980
(10 min.) S 11-11

1. Total salary expense ($1,155.00 + $74.75 + $86.77) $1,316.52
2. Net (take-home) pay $845.69
3. Employee paid:
a. Income tax $231.00
b. CPP $57.17
EI 21.14 $78.31
4. Employer’s expense for:
a. CPP and EI ($57.17 + $29.60) $86.77
b. Benefits ($57.75 + $15.00 + $2.00) $74.75
(5-10 min.) S 11-12
Internal controls to safeguard payroll disbursements:
” Separate the duties of hiring and firing employees from payroll accounting and from
distributing paycheques.
” Issue paycheques only to employees with a photo ID or use a secure electronic deposit system.
” Have a formal time-keeping system.
” Use a separate payroll bank account and reconcile the payroll bank account every month.
” Hire and retain trustworthy employees
(5-10 min.)S 11-13

a. C
b. C
c. C
d. C and, in some cases, L for any portion of the warranty liability due in more than one year
e. C and, in some cases, L for unearned revenue to be earned more than one year from the
balance-sheet date
f. C
g. L
h. C
Exercises
(5-10 min.) E 11-1
General Journal
DATE
June 1 Delivery Truck 86,000
Note Payable, Short-term 86,000
Dec. 31 Interest Expense ($86,000 ￗ 0.06 ￗ 7/12) 3,010

Interest Payable 3,010
2014
June 1 Note Payable, Short-term 86,000
Interest Expense ($86,000 ￗ 0.06 ￗ 5/12) 2,150
Cash [$86,000 + ($86,000 ￗ 0.06)] 91,160
(5-15 min.) E 11-2
General Journal
June 30 Cash 128,800
Sales Tax Payable ($115,000 ￗ 0.07) 8,050
GST Payable ($115,000 ￗ 0.05) 5,750
July 6 Sales Tax Payable 8,050

GST Payable 5,750
Cash 13,800
(5-15 min.) E 11-3
December 31
2011 2012 2013 2014
Current portion of
long-term debt $500,000 $500,000 $500,000 $500,000
Interest payable 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 –
Interest computations:
$2,000,000 ￗ 0.04 = $80,000
1,500,000 ￗ 0.04 = 60,000
1,000,000 ￗ 0.04 = 40,000
500,000 ￗ 0.04 = 20,000
(15-20 min.) E 11-4
Salem Electronics
Balance Sheet (partial)
December 31, 2012
Current liabilities (partial):
1. Unearned sales revenue $ 105,000
2. Employee income tax payable ($600,000 ￗ 0.16) 96,000
Canada Pension Plan payable ($600,000 ￗ 0.099) 59,400
Employment Insurance payable ($600,000 ￗ 0.0183) ￗ (1 + 1.4) 26,352
3. Estimated warranty payable ($30,000,000 ￗ 0.01) 300,000
4. Current portion of long-term note payable 10,000
Interest payable ($50,000 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 29/365) 199
Total current liabilities $ 596,951
Long-term liabilities (partial):
Note payable ($50,000 – $10,000) $ 40,000
(10-15 min.) E 11-5
Current ratio = Total current assets = $325,000 = 1.69
Total current liabilities $192,500
EpsotMarketing Services should pay off $60,000 of current liabilities; then the current ratio will
be:
$325,000 – $60,000 = $265,000 = 2.25

$192,500 – $60,000 $132,500
Equation:
$325,000 – x = 2.00
$192,500 – x
325,000 – x = 2.00(192,500 – x)
325,000 = x + 385,000 – 2.00 x
-x = -60,000
x = 60,000
Req. 1 (5-10 min.) E 11-6
General Journal
DATE
Jan. 2 Cash 60,000
Retainer Fees 60,000
Received retainer fees in advance.
Jan. 31 Retainer Fees 5,000

Service Revenue 5,000
Earned revenue that was collected in advance.
Req. 2
Retainer Fees
Jan. 31, 2014 5,000 Jan. 2, 2014 60,000
Bal. 55,000
The value of services to be provided in the remaining 11 months is $55,000.00.
(5-10 min.) E 11-7

Req. 1
General Journal
DATE
Oct. 1 Cash [$100 + ($100 ￗ 0.07) + ($100 ￗ 0.05)] 112.00
Unearned Subscription Revenue 100.00
GST Payable 7.00
PST Payable 5.00
Nov. 15 PST Payable 5.00
GST Payable 7.00
Cash 12.00
Dec. 31 Unearned Subscription Revenue ($100 ￷ 6 3) 50.00

Subscription Revenue 50.00
Req. 2
Unearned Subscriptions Revenue
50.00 100.00
Bal. 50.00
The National Post owes the subscriber $50.00 at December 31, 2014.
Req. 3
General Journal
DATE
Oct. 1 Cash($100 + ($100 ￗ 0.12) 112.00
Unearned Subscription Revenue 100.00
HST Payable 12.00
Nov. 15 HST Payable 12.00

Cash 12.00
Dec. 31 Unearned Subscription Revenue ($100 ￷ 6 3) 50.00

Subscription Revenue 50.00
Req. 1 (warranty entries) (5-15 min.) E 11-8
General Journal
DATE 2014 ACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATIONS POST. REF. DEBIT CREDIT
Dec. 31 Warranty Expense ($1,038,000 ￗ 0.03) 31,140

Cash 27,900
Req. 2 (ending balance of Estimated Warranty Payable)
Estimated Warranty Payable
Payments during Jan. 1, 2014 24,800
period 27,900 Exp. for period 31,140
End. bal. 28,040
The balance of Estimated Warranty Payable is $28,040.
(5-10 min.) E 11-9

The contingent liability is material (25%) relative to Ludeman Security Systems’ total liabilities
of $4.0 million. The lawsuit should be disclosed in a note to the financial statements.
The note disclosure would be:
Note X-
The company is a defendant in lawsuits brought against the monitoring service of its installed
systems. Damages of $1,000,000 are claimed against the company, but management denies the
charges and is vigorously defending itself. Although management cannot predict the lawsuit
outcomes at this time, management does not believe that any liabilities resulting from them will
significantly affect the company’s financial position.
Instructional Note: Any note that captures the essence of the situation is acceptable.
(5-10 min.) E 11-10

Since the court has awarded a judgment against Ludeman Security Systems, what was previously
a contingent liability is now a current liability for a known amount of the $300,000 loss assessed
against the company.
The financial statement disclosure and entry follow:
Ludeman Security Systems would report:
Income statement:
Loss from damage claim (Note X) $300,000
Balance sheet:
Liability for damage claim (Note X) $300,000
The note disclosure would be:

Note X-
The company is a defendant in lawsuits brought against the monitoring service of its installed
systems. Damages of $300,000 have been rendered against the company, but management plans
to seek leave to appeal the charges.
Instructional Note: Any note that captures the essence of the situation is acceptable.
General Journal
Loss from Damage Claim 300,000
Liability for Damage Claim 300,000
(10-15 min.)E 11-11
General Journal
Dec. 31 Income Tax Expense 16,000
Income Tax Payable 16,000
To record the monthly estimate or installment
2014
Jan. 15 Income Tax Payable 16,000
Cash 16,000
($10,000 x 11 = $110,000; $126,000 – $110,000 = $16,000)
(10-15 min.) E 11-12
Gross pay: $1,875 + ($50,000 ￗ 0.07) $5,375.00
Deductions:
Charitable contribution $ 50.00
Dental insurance 49.15
Income tax ($5,375.00 ￗ 0.20) 1,075.00
Employment Insurance premium ($5,375.00 ￗ 0.0183) 98.36
Canada Pension Plan [($5,375.00 – $291.67*) ￗ 0.0495] 251.62 1,524.13
Net Pay $3,850.87
* Basic exemption 12 = $3,500 12 = $291.67
Req. a (gross pay and net pay) (10-15 min.) E 11-13

Straight-time earnings for 35 hours (35 ￗ $10.50) $367.50
Overtime pay for the next 5 hours:
5 hours ￗ $10.50 ￗ 1.5 78.75
Total gross pay for the week $446.25
Deductions:
Withheld income tax ($446.25 ￗ 0.25) 111.56
CPP contributions [($446.25 – $67.31*) ￗ 0.0495] 18.76
EI premiums ($446.25 ￗ 0.0183) 8.17
RRSP contribution 10.00
Total deductions 148.49
Net pay $297.76
* $3,500 52 = $67.31
Req. b (employers’ payroll entry)
General Journal
Wages Expense $446.25
Canada Pension Plan Expense* 18.76
Employment Insurance Expense* 11.44
($8.17 ￗ 1.4)
CPP Payable ($18.76 + $18.76) 37.52
EI Payable ($8.17 + $11.44) 19.61
RRSP Contribution Payable 10.00
Wages Payable 297.76
* Could also debit Employee Benefits Expense

(10-15 min.) E 11-14
General Journal
Entry for payroll expenses:
Employee Benefits Expense 7,136.40
CPP Payable ($95,000 ￗ 0.0495) 4,702.50
EI Payable ($95,000 ￗ 0.0183 ￗ 1.4) 2,433.90
Entry for fringe benefits:

Dental Insurance Expense for Employees 5,723.09
Life Insurance Expense for Employees 441.09
Pension Expense 1,745.60
Employee Benefits Payable 7,909.78
(10 min.) E 11-15
Gross pay $38,710.00
CPP contributions $1,732.00
EI premium 991.75* 2,723.75
Pension ($38,710 ￗ 0.05) 1,935.50
Dental insurance (12 ￗ $35) 420.00
Parking (12 ￗ $10) 120.00
Total payroll expense $43,909.25
*(708.39 ￗ 1.4) = $991.75

Req. 1 (gross pay and net pay) (10-15 min.)E 11-16
Total gross pay for the month $2,000.00
Deduction:
Withheld federal income tax $138.55
Withheld provincial income tax 99.70
CPP contributions [($2,000-$291.67*) ￗ 0.0495] 84.56
EI premiums ($2,000 ￗ 0.0183) 36.60
Total deductions 359.41
Net pay $1.640.59
*$3,500 ￷ 12 = $291.67
Req. 2 (employers’ payroll entry)
General Journal
Salary Expense 2,000.00
Canada Pension Plan Expense* 84.56
Employment Insurance Expense* ($36.60 ￗ 1.4) 51.24
Employee Income Taxes Payable ($138.55 + $99.70) 238.25
CPP Payable ($84.56 + $84.56) 169.12
EI Payable ($36.60 + $51.24) 87.84
Wages Payable 1,640.59
* Could also debit Employee Benefits Expense
Req. 1 (15-30 min.) E 11-17
Current ratio reported by the corporation =
Billions
2014 2013
Total current assets = $24.50 = 2.10 $22.92 = 1.52
Total current liabilities $11.66 $15.12
The current ratio increased dramatically in 2014, which is an improvement.

Req. 2
2014
Current ratio without
reclassification of current
liabilities as long-term $24.50 = 1.31
$11.66 + $7.00
It appears that the corporation needed to refinance and reclassify the current liabilities as long-
term in order to keep the current ratio from going down in 2014 compared to 2013. This might
have caused the company to appear to be (and perhaps really be) incapable of meeting its current
obligations.
Req. 1 (10-20 min.) E 11-18

Analysis of T-accounts is helpful:
Notes Payable
Dec. 31, 2013 Balance 78
2014 Payments X 2014 Borrowing 3
$78 + $3 – X = $26
X = $55 million
During 2014, Vallarta Company paid off notes payable of $55 million.
Req. 2
Accrued Payrolls and Benefits
2014 Payments 250 2014 Expense X
$298 + – $250 = $270

X = $222 million
Vallarta’s employee compensation expense for 2014 was $222 million.
Beyond the Numbers

(10-15 min.) BN 11-1
Req. 1
A company would prefer not to disclose its contingent liabilities because they cast a shadow on
the business and could create a negative impression. It might also give opposing lawyers facts for
a stronger case against the company.
Req. 2
A contingent liability creates risk for a company. If the contingent liability is not reported, the
bank may view the company as low-risk. This may lead the bank to loan money at low interest
rates and with easy payment terms. With knowledge of the contingent liability, the bank might
not have made the loan at all. Or the bank might have required a higher interest rate or more
stringent payment terms.
Req. 3
Reporting a contingent liability requires a delicate balancing act. Ethics require that the users’
interests be protected. The company must disclose enough information to give users a reasonable
basis for making informed decisions about the company. At the same time, the company should
avoid giving away secrets that could damage its owners’ investment in the business.
(15-25 min.) BN 11-2

a. In one sense, warranties payable are contingencies because it is possible that they may not
have to be paid. However, it is more likely that the company must pay some amount for
warranties. Due to this high likelihood, and because most companies can estimate their warranty
payments, ASPE requires companies to record warranty expense and warranty payable, thus
treating this contingency as a real liability.
b. Unearned revenues are liabilities because they represent goods or services owed by a company
rather than cash.
c. In addition to interviews with management to identify a client’s contingent liabilities, auditors
examine the client’s contracts (for example, lending, borrowing, notes receivable, and notes
payable) to look for obligations that may create a liability. Auditors also ask the client’s lawyers
for a letter identifying any lawsuits involving the client. Lawsuits are a key cause of contingent
liabilities.
Ethical Issue
It is not unethical to commit a company to a high level of debt. Lenders and other creditors are
hurt most directly by a company that cannot pay its debts. Presumably trade creditors and other
lenders protect their own interests and can refuse to sell goods on credit or make loans as they
please. As long as the borrower is honest, discloses all liabilities appropriately, and meets the
requirements imposed by creditors, by shareholders, and by taxing and other legal authorities,
then the borrower’s behaviour can be considered ethical.
Taking on too much debt is risky because interest and principal must be paid according to the
terms of the agreement-during bad times as well as good. Again, it is the creditor’s responsibility
to evaluate a debtor’s ability to pay liabilities. Lenders that advance too much credit to a losing
business are said to “throw good money after bad.”
Problems
Group A
(30-40 min.) P 11-1A
General Journal
DATE
Jan. 3 Machine 350,000
GST Recoverable 17,500
29 Cash [($1,570,000 + $109,900 + $78,500) ￗ 0.20] 351,680

Accounts Receivable 1,406,720
[($1,570,000 + $109,900 + $78,500) ￗ 0.80)]
Sales Revenue 1,570,000
Sales Tax Payable ($1,570,000 ￗ 0.07) 109,900
GST Payable ($1,570,000 ￗ 0.05) 78,500
Feb. 5 Sales Tax Payable 109,900

GST Payable 78,500
Cash 170,900
28 Cash 3,000,000
Note Payable, Long-term 3,000,000
July 3 Note Payable, Short-term 367,500

Interest Expense ($367,500 ￗ 0.05ￗ 181/365) 9,112
Cash 376,612
Nov. 30 Inventory 150,000

GST Recoverable ($150,000 ￗ 0.05) 7,500

(continued) P 11-1A
General Journal
DATE
Dec. 31 Interest Expense ($3,000,000 ￗ 0.03 ￗ 306/365 75,452
31 Interest Expense ($157,500 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 31/365) 669

2014
Feb. 28 Note Payable, Long-term 300,000
Interest Expense ($3,000,000 ￗ 0.03 – $75,452) 14,548
Cash 390,000
May 31 Note Payable 157,500

Cash 161,427
(15-30 min.) P 11-2A
To: Austin Motors
Your business could expose you to some contingent liabilities. These are potential liabilities that
have not yet materialized but that could become real debts if certain events occur.
As I see it, you have several contingent liabilities. One could result from injury to your
employees while conducting their work. An injury to an employee acting in the line of duty
would be your responsibility so long as the employee is not negligent. Another contingent
liability could result from potential injury to customers while on your premises. As they drop off
and pick up their cars for repair, the possibility exists for a personal injury. A third contingent
liability could arise from potential damage to customers’ cars while on your premises. The
movement of cars into and out of the service department and the body shop creates the potential
for an accident and damage to an automobile. You need insurance to cover these contingent
liabilities. Choose the company that will provide the most coverage at the best price.
I’m curious-has something happened in your industry or at your dealership to increase the risk
for the insurance company, causing it to double your premiums? If so, other insurance companies
may also require much-higher premiums as well.
Instructional Note: Student responses may vary considerably.
Req. 1 (solving for missing payroll amounts) (20-30 min.) P 11-3A

Employee Earnings:
Regular employee earnings $19,947
Overtime pay 5,595 a
Total employee earnings 25,542 b
Deductions and Net Pay:
Withheld income tax 6,379
Canada Pension Plan 549 c
Employment Insurance 478
Medical Insurance 541
Total deductions 7,947
Net pay 17,595
Accounts Debited:
Salaries Expense 16,923 d
Wages Expense 6,938
Sales Commission Expense 1,681
Computations (in order of calculation):
b. Total employee earnings:

Total deductions ($7,947) + Net pay ($17,595) = Total employee earnings ($25,542)
a. Overtime pay:
Total employee earnings ($25,542) – Regular employee earnings ($19,947) = Overtime pay
($5,595)
c. Canada Pension Plan:
Total deductions ($7,947) – Withheld income tax ($6,379) – Employment Insurance ($478) –
Medical Insurance ($541) = Canada Pension Plan ($549)
d. Salary Expense:
Total employee earnings ($25,542) – Wages expense ($6,938) – Sales commission expense
($1,681) = Salaries expense ($16,923)
Req. 2 (payroll entry) (continued) P 11-3A

General Journal
Salaries Expense 16,923
Wages Expense 6,938
CPP Expense 549
EI Expense ($478 ￗ 1.4) 669
Employee Income Tax Payable 6,379
CPP Payable ($549 + $549) 1,098
EI Payable ($478 + $ 669) 1,147
Employee Medical Insurance Payable 541
Payroll Payable 17,595
Req. 1 (gross pay and net pay) (25-35 min.) P 11-4A
Gross pay:
Salary earnings ($7,500 ￗ 12) $90,000.00
Bonus ($90,000 ￗ 0.10) 9,000.00
Deductions:
Withheld income tax [($2,398 ￗ 12) + $4,512] 33,288.00
Canada Pension Plan 2,306.70
Employment Insurance 839.97
United Way contribution ($37.50 ￗ 12) 450.00
RRSP Contribution ($55 ￗ 12) 660.00
Total deductions 37,544.67
Net pay $ 61,455.33
Req. 2 (employer’s total annual cost of employee)

Canada Pension Plan 2306.70
Employment Insurance ($839.97 ￗ 1.4) 1,175.96
Fringe benefits:
Health insurance for employee ($38 ￗ 12) 456.00
Pension benefits for employee ($90,000 ￗ 0.07) 6,300.00
Total annual cost of employee $109,238.66
Req. 3 (employer’s payroll entries) (continued) P 11-4A
General Journal
DATE
a. Employee’s total earnings:

Bonus Expense 9,000.00
Employee Income Tax Payable 33,288.00
Canada Pension Plan Payable 2,306.70
Employment Insurance Payable 839.97
United Way Payable 450.00
RRSP Contribution Payable 660.00
Cash 61,455.33
b. Employer Payroll Expenses:

CPP Payable 2,306.70
Employment Insurance Payable 1,175.96
c. Employer Cost of Employee Fringe

Benefits:
Health Insurance Expense for Employees 456.00

Health Insurance Payable 456.00
Company Pension Payable 6,300.00
(35-40 min.) P 11-5A
Req. 1 and 2 (ledger accounts and posting)
Notes Payable,
Short-term
Accounts Payable Current Portion of Long-
term Debt Payable
Bal. 20,000 Bal. 235,620 (b) 50,000
Bal. 50,000
Interest Payable Salaries Payable Employee Income Tax Payable
(a) 400 (c) 4,963 (c) 1,365
(b) 6,250 Bal. 4,963 Bal. 1,365
Bal. 6,650
Employer Payroll Costs Payable Employee Insurance Benefits
Payable Estimated Vacation
Pay Liability
(d) 820 (d) 991 Bal. 12,360
Bal. 820 Bal. 991 (e) 8,850
Bal. 21,210
Sales Tax and
GST Payable
Unearned Rent Revenue
Long-term Debt Payable
Bal. 5,972 (f) 6,000 Bal. 18,000 (b) 50,000 Bal. 250,000
Bal. 12,000 Bal. 200,000
(a) ($20,000 ￗ 0.06) ￗ 4/12 = $400
(b) ($250,000 ￗ 0.03) ￗ 10/12 = $6,250
(e) ($147,500 ￗ 0.06) = $8,850
(f) $18,000 ￗ 4/12 = $6,000
(continued) P 11-5A
Req. 3 (liability section of June 30 balance sheet) Shell Storage Units
Shell Storage Units
Balance Sheet
June 30, 2014
LIABILITIES
Notes payable, short-term $ 20,000
Accounts payable 235,620
Current portion of long-term debt payable 50,000
Interest payable 6,650
Salaries payable 4,963
Employee income tax payable 1,365
Employer payroll costs payable 820
Employee insurance benefits payable 991
Estimated vacation pay liability 21,210
Sales tax and GST payable 5,972
Unearned rent revenue 12,000
Total current liabilities 359,591
Long-term debt payable 200,000
Total liabilities $559,591
Contingent liabilities (Note X)
Note X-At June 30, 2014, the company was the defendant in a lawsuit that could result in a
$200,000 liability. The outcome is uncertain, but the company expects to win the case.
Req. 1 and 3 (payroll register) (20-30 min.) P 11-6A
Payroll Register
GROSS PAY DEDUCTIONS NET PAY ACCOUNT DEBITED
EMPLOYEE NAME HRS STRAIGHT-TIME OVER-TIME TOTAL INCOME TAX CANADA
PENSION PLAN EMPLOYMENT
INS. UNITED WAY TOTAL AMT. RETIREMENT PROGRAM OFFICE SALARIES
EXPENSE SALES SALARIES EXPENSE
Molly Dodge 43 $1,200 $135 $1,335 $474.10 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $25.00 $499.10 $ 835.90 106.80
$1,335.00
Tally Allard 40 520 520 67.60 22.41 9.52 2.00 101.53 418.47 41.60 520.00
George White 49 400 135 535 63.70 23.15 9.79 2.00 98.64 436.36 42.80 535.00
Luigi Valenti 42 800 60 860 352.00 39.24 0.00 5.00 396.24 463.76 68.80 860.00
Total $2,920 $330 $3,250 $957.40 $84.80 $19.31 $34.00 $1,095.51 $2,154.49 $260.00
$1,055.00 $2,195.00
Computations:
Dodge:
Straight-time hourly pay: 40 ￗ $30 = $1,200
Overtime: 3 ￗ $30 ￗ 1.5 = $135
Allard:
Straight-time hourly pay: 40 ￗ $13 = $520
White:
Overtime: 9 ￗ $10 ￗ 1.5 = $135
Valenti:
Overtime: 2 ￗ $20 ￗ 1.5 = $60
Req. 2 (entry to record weekly payroll) (continued) P 11-6A
General Journal
Sept. 21 Office Salaries Expense 1,055.00
Sales Salaries Expense 2,195.00
Employee Income Taxes Payable 957.40
CPP Payable 84.80
Employee United Way Payable 34.00
Cash 2,154.49
Req. 3 (entry to record employer’s payroll information)
General Journal
Sept. 21 Employee Benefits Expense 111.83
CPP Payable 84.80
Employment Insurance Payable
($19.31ￗ 1.4) 27.03
Req. 4
Dodge’s accumulated earnings exceed the maximum ($50,100 for CPP), and presumably the
maximum Canada Pension Plan deduction of $2,306.70 has already been made. Dodge and
Valenti have no EI deducted because their accumulated earnings exceed the maximum $45,900
and presumably the maximum deduction of $839.97 has already been made.
Req. 5
$3,250 ￗ0.04 = $130.00
(15-20 min.) P 11-7A
a. Estimated warranty payable [$14,600 + ($911,000 ￗ 0.02) – $15,600 $ 17,220
b. Note payable, short-term $45,000

Interest payable ($45,000 ￗ 0.06 ￗ 4/12) 900
c. Unearned rent revenue ($36,000 ￗ 2/3) $24,000
*d. Provincial sales tax and GST payable ($80,000 ￗ 1.05 ￗ 0.10) + ($80,000
ￗ 0.05) $12,400
e. Portion of long-term note payable due within one year $30,000

Interest payable ($150,000 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 3/12) 1,875
*Note in PEI, PST is charged on GST.
(40-60 min.) P 11-8A

Req. 1-8
General Journal
DATE
1.
Apr. 27 Sales salaries 167,000
Jobsite salaries 27,000
Office salaries 58,000
Income Tax payable 49,686
CPP payable 12,900
EI payable 3,800
RRSP contribution payable 7,600
Blue Cross Insurance payable 10,000
Cash or Salaries payable 168,014
To record payroll for last week of April
2. 27 Employee Benefits Expense 18,220
CPP Payable 12,900
EI Payable ($3,800 ￗ 1.4) 5,320
To record employers portion of the benefits
3. 30 Sales salaries 33,400

Jobsite salaries 5,400
Office salaries 11,600
CPP payable 2,580
EI payable 760
To accrue 1/5 of the standard weekly payroll for the year ended April 30, 2012.
General Journal
DATE
4.
Apr. 30
Employee Benefits Expense 3,644
CPP Payable 2,580
EI Payable ($760 ￗ 1.4) 1,064
To accrue employer’s portion of the benefits; use 1/5 of the standard weekly payroll
5.
May 4 Salaries payable 33,603
Sales salaries (4/5 x 167,000) 133,600
Jobsite salaries(4/5 x 27,000) 21,600
Office salaries(4/5 x 58,000) 46,400
Income Tax payable(4/5 x 49,686) 39,749
CPP payable(4/5 x 12,900) 10,320
EI payable(4/5 x 3,800) 3,040
RRSP contribution payable(4/5 x 7,600) 6,080
Blue Cross Insurance payable(4/5 x 10,000) 8,000
6.
May 4 Employee Benefits Expense 14,576
CPP Payable 10,320
EI Payable ($3,040 ￗ 1.4) 4,256
To record employer’s portion of the benefits
7.
May 15 Income Tax payable (49,686 + 9,937) 59,623
CPP payable (12,900 x 2) + (2,580 x 2) 30,960
EI payable (3,800 + 5,320 + 760 + 1,064) 10,944
Cash 101,527
To record the April 2012 remittance to CRA.
8. 31 RRSP contribution payable (7,600 + 1,520) 9,120

Blue Cross Insurance payable (10,000 + 2,000) 12,000
Cash (cheque to financial institution) 9,120
Cash (cheque to Blue Cross) 12,000
To record the remittances for RRSP and Blue Cross contributions.
(30-50 min.) P 11-9A

Req. 1
General Journal
DATE
Jan. 31 Cash 9,040
Accounts Receivable 81,360
Warranty Expense 3,200
Sales 80,000
HST Payable 10,400
31 Property Tax Expense 5,000

Property Taxes Payable
($60,000/12) 5,000
Feb. 4 Estimated Warranty Payable 1,350

Repair Parts Inventory 500
Wages Expense 850
7 HST Payable 10,400

HST Recoverable 3,700
Cash 6,700

($60,000/12) 5,000
28 Cash 15,594
Sales 92,000
HST Payable 11,960
Mar. 7 HST Payable 11,960
Cash 7,210
8 No journal entry is appropriate as there is no

reliable estimate of the cost of the lawsuit.
Disclosure of the lawsuit should be made in
a footnote to the statements.
Req. 1 (continued) P 11-9A
General Journal
DATE
Mar. 15 Estimated Warranty Payable 3,700
Repair Parts Inventory 2,500
Wages Expense 1,200
21 Accounts Receivable 500

Estimated Warranty Payable 750
Repair Parts Inventory 750
Repair Revenues 500
31 Cash 9,944
Sales 88,000
HST Payable 11,440

Property Taxes Payable 6,500
($2,200,000 ￗ 0.03)/12 = $5,500/month;
3 months = $16,500
Presently recorded = $10,000;
Difference = $6,500
Req. 2
Beaufort Explorations
Balance Sheet
March 31, 2014
LIABILITIES
Estimated warranty liabilities* $ 4,600
Property taxes payable** 16,500
HST payable 11,440
*$3,200 – $1,350 + $3,680 – $3,700 – $750 + $3,520 = $4,600
** $5,000 + $5,000 + $5,500 + $500 (Jan adjustment) + $500 (Feb adjustment) = $16,500
Contingencies:
Incidental to the business, Beaufort Explorations is party to a lawsuit that alleges negligence and
liability for product failure. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the case, an estimate of the
financial impact cannot be made at this time.
Problems
Group B
(30-40 min.) P 11-1B
General Journal
DATE
Mar. 3 Equipment 66,000
31 Cash [($134,500 ￗ 1.05) ￗ 0.25] 35,306

[($134,500 ￗ 1.05) ￗ 0.75]
GST Payable ($134,500 ￗ 0.05) 6,725
Apr. 7 GST Payable 6,725

Cash 3,425
May 31 Cash 75,000

Note Payable, Long-term 75,000
Sept. 3 Note Payable, Short-term 69,300

Cash 70,348
30 Inventory 25,000

31 Interest Expense ($75,000 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 214/365) 2,199

31 Interest Expense ($26,250 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 92/365) 331
(continued) P 11-1B
General Journal
DATE
Mar. 31 Note Payable 26,250
Interest Expense ($26,250 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 90/365) 324
Cash 26,905
May 31 Note Payable, Long-term 15,000

Interest Expense ($75,000 ￗ 0.05 – $2,199) 1,551
Cash 18,750
(15-30 min.) P 11-2B
To: Alessandra Gesso, Skating Instructor
Your business exposes you to some contingent liabilities. These are potential liabilities that have
not yet materialized but that could become real debts if certain events occur.
As I see it, you have at least two contingent liabilities. One results from the possibility that a
skater could fall and be hurt during a lesson. It seems that you could be held responsible for
injury to a skater if a parent could prove that you were negligent in your teaching of the young
children. The other contingent liability would result from damages to the arena premises caused
by your pupils. In each of these situations, you could have a real liability.
The most basic way for you to limit your exposure to these liabilities is to be diligent in
conducting your lessons and in taking safety precautions such as requiring all skaters to wear
helmets. In order to ensure the premises are not damaged by your skating students, it would be
wise to have supervision of the skaters when they are not in lessons. Because your skaters are
young and inexperienced, they will need lots of supervision. You may also be able to limit your
liability by having the skaters’ parents sign waivers agreeing not to hold you responsible for
accidents that are beyond your control.
Although you do not wish to purchase liability insurance at this time, I strongly recommend that
you investigate the cost of such insurance, since it could be the best protection for you in case of
a liability arising.
Instructional Note: Student responses may vary.
(20-30 min.) P 11-3B

Req. 1 (solving for missing payroll amounts)
Employee Earnings:
Regular earnings $172.768 a
Overtime pay 13,994
Total employee earnings 186,762 b
Deductions and Net Pay:
Withheld income tax 31,704
Canada Pension Plan 9,200
Employment Insurance 3,492
Dental and drug insurance 1,556
Total deductions 45,952 c
Net pay 140,810
Accounts Debited:
Wages Expense 60,938 d
Computations (in order of completion):
c. Total deductions = $31,704 + $9,200 + $3,492 + $1556 = $45,952
b. Total employee earnings:
Total deductions = ($45,952) + Net pay ($140,810) = Total employee earnings ($186,762)
a. Regular earnings:
Total employee earnings = [($186,762) – Overtime pay ($13,994) = Regular earnings
($172,768)]
d. Wages expense:
Total employee earnings ($186,762) – Salaries expense ($66,468) – Sales commission expense
($59,356) = Wages expense ($60,938)
Req. 2 (payroll entry) (continued) P 11-3B

General Journal
Wages Expense 60,938
CPP Expense 9,200
EI Expense 4,889
Employee Income Tax Payable 31,704
CPP Payable 18,400
EI Payable 8,381
Employee Dental and Drug
Insurance Payable 1,556
Payroll Payable 140,810
(25-35 min.) P 11-4B
Req. 1 (gross pay and net pay)
Gross pay:
Salary earnings ($6,500 ￗ 12) $78,000.00
Bonus ($78,000 ￗ 0.20) 15,600.00
Deductions:
Withheld income tax [($1,762.28 ￗ 12) + $4,095.11] 25,242.47
Employment Insurance 839.97
Charitable donations ($6,500 ￗ 0.015 ￗ 12) 1,170.00
Life insurance ($68 ￗ 12) 816.00
Total deductions 30,375.14
Net pay $63,224.86
Req. 2 (employer’s total annual cost of employee)

Employer payroll taxes (benefits expense):
Employment Insurance ($839.97 ￗ 1.4) 1,175.96
Fringe benefits:
Health insurance for employee ($65 ￗ 12) 780.00
Pension benefits for employee 5,350.00
Total annual cost of employee $103,212.66
Req. 3 (employer’s payroll entries) (continued) P 11-4B
General Journal
a. Employee’s total earnings:

Executive Bonus Compensation 15,600.00
Employee Income Tax Payable 25,242.47
Charitable Donations Payable 1,170.00
Employee Life Insurance Payable 816.00
Cash 63,224.86
b. Employer Payroll Expense:

Employment Insurance Payable 1,175.96
c. Employer Cost of Employee Fringe Benefits:
Health Insurance Expense for Employees 780.00

Health Insurance Payable 780.00
Company Pension Payable 5,350.00
(35-40 min.) P 11-5B
Req. 1 and 2 (ledger accounts and posting)
Note Payable,
Short-term
Accounts Payable Current Portion of Long-
term Debt Payable
Bal. 74,000 Bal. 355,680 (b) 60,000
Bal. 60,000
Interest Payable Salaries Payable Employee Withholdings Payable
(a) 3,392 (c) 16,690 (c) 4,756
(b) 5,500 Bal. 16,690 Bal. 4,756
Bal. 8,892
Employer Payroll Costs Payable Employee Insurance Benefits

Payable Estimated Vacation
Pay Liability
(d) 2,788 (d) 300 Bal. 7,896
Bal. 2,788 Bal. 300 (e) 14,400
Bal. 22,296
GST Payable
Property Tax Payable Unearned Service
Revenue
Bal. 4,900 Bal. 9,284 (f) 6,000 Bal. 18,000
Bal. 12,000
Long-term Debt Payable
(b) 60,000 Bal. 300,000
Bal. 240,000
(a) ($74,000 ￗ 0.05) ￗ 11/12 = $3,392
(b) ($300,000 ￗ 0.055) ￗ 4/12 = $5,500
(e) ($240,000 ￗ 0.06) = $14,400
(continued) P 11-5B
Req. 3 (liability section of June 30 balance sheet) Uptown Hardware
Uptown Hardware
Balance Sheet
June 30, 2014
LIABILITIES
Notes payable, short-term $ 74,000
Accounts payable 355,680
Current portion of long-term debt payable 60,000
Interest payable 8,892
Employee withholdings payable 4,756
Employer payroll costs payable 2,788
Employee Insurance benefits payable 300
Estimated vacation pay liability 22,296
GST payable 4,900
Property tax payable 9,284
Unearned service revenue 12,000
Total current liabilities 571,586
Long-term debt payable 240,000
Total liabilities $811,586
Contingent liabilities (Note Y)
Req. 4
Note Y: At June 30, 2014, the company was the defendant in a lawsuit that could result in a
$100,000 liability. The outcome is uncertain, but the company expects to win the case.
(20-30 min.) P 11-6B
Req. 1 and 3 (payroll register)
Payroll Register
GROSS PAY DEDUCTIONS NET PAY ACCOUNT DEBITED
EMPLOYEE NAME HRS STRAIGHT-TIME OVER-TIME TOTAL INCOME TAX CANADA
PENSION PLAN EMPLOY-MENT
INS. UNITED WAY TOTAL AMOUNT CHQ. NO. OFFICE SALARIES EXPENSE SALES
SALARIES EXPENSE
Bourdon 45 $ 440.00 $ 82.50 $ 522.50 $ 62.85 $22.53 $ 9.56 $ 16.00 $ 110.94 $ 411.56 178
$522.50
Wells 50 500.00 187.50 687.50 73.25 30.70 12.58 16.00 132.53 554.97 179 $ 687.50
Boyd 49 850.00 286.88 1,136.88 184.10 0.00 0.00 40.00 224.10 912.78 180 1,136.88
Lamont 40 380.00 380.00 42.60 15.48 6.95 4.00 69.03 310.97 181 380.00
Total $2,170.00 $556.88 $2,726.88 $362.80 $68.71 $29.09 $76.00 $536.60 $2,190.28 $902.50
$1,824.38
Computations:
Bourdon:
Straight-time pay: $440/40 = $11
Overtime: 5 ￗ $11 ￗ 1.5 = $82.50
Wells:
Straight-time pay: $500/40 = $12.50
Overtime: 10 ￗ $12.50 ￗ 1.5 = $187.50
Boyd:
Straight-time pay: $850/40 = $21.25
Overtime: 9 ￗ $21.25 ￗ 1.5 = $286.88
Req. 2 (entry to record weekly payroll) (continued) P 11-6B
General Journal
DATE
Dec. 18 Office Salaries Expense 902.50
Sales Salaries Expense 1,824.38
CPP Payable 68.71
Employee United Way Charities Payable 76.00
Cash 2,190.28
Req. 3 (entry to record employer’s payroll information)
General Journal
DATE
Dec. 18 Employee Benefits Expense 109.44
CPP Payable 68.71
Employment Insurance Payable
($29.09 ￗ1.4) 40.73
Req. 4
Boyd has no Canada Pension Plan or Employment Insurance deducted because the maximum
pensionable ($50,100) and insurable earnings ($45,900) have been reached; Boyd’s earnings to
date are $56,380.
(15-20 min.) P 11-7B
a. Note payable, short-term $120,000

Interest payable ($120,000 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 6/12) 3,000
b. Estimated warranty payable [$29,300 + ($2,103,000 ￗ 0.03) – $55,700] $36,690
c. Deposits on equipment $10,000
d. GST payable ($323,000 ￗ 0.05) $16,150
e. Portion of long-term note payable due within one year $40,000

Interest payable ($200,000 ￗ 0.04) 8,000
(40-60 min.) P 11-8B
Req. 1-8
General Journal
DATE
1.
Apr. 27 Sales salaries expense 334,000
Jobsite salaries expense 54,000
Office salaries expense 116,000
CPP payable 25,800
EI payable 7,600
To record payroll for last week of April.
2. 27 Employee Benefits Expense 36,440

CPP Payable 25,800
EI Payable ($7,600 ￗ 1.4) 10,640
To record employers portion of the benefits
3. 30 Sales salaries expense 66,800

Jobsite salaries expense 10,800
Office salaries expense 23,200
CPP payable 5,160
EI payable 1,520
To accrue 1/5 of the standard weekly payroll for the year ended April 30, 2012.
(continued) P 11-8B
General Journal
DATE
4.
Apr. 30
Employee Benefits Expense 7,288
CPP Payable 5,160
EI Payable ($1,520 ￗ 1.4) 2,128
To accrue employer’s portion of the benefits use 1/5 of the standard weekly payroll.
5.
May 4 Salaries payable 67,206
Sales salaries expense (4/5 x 334,000) 267,200
Jobsite salaries expense(4/5 x 54,000) 43,200
Office salaries expense(4/5 x 116,000) 92,800
Income Tax payable (4/5 x 99,372) 79,498
CPP payable (4/5 x 25,800) 20,640
EI payable (4/5 x 7,600) 6,080
RRSP contribution payable (4/5 x 15,200) 12,160
Blue Cross Insurance payable (4/5 x 20,000) 16,000
6.
May 4 Employee Benefits Expense 29,152
CPP Payable 20,640
EI Payable ($6,080 ￗ 1.4) 8,512
To record employer’s portion of the benefits.
7.
May 15 Income Tax payable (99,372 + 19,874) 119,246
CPP payable (25,800 x 2) + (5,160 x 2) 61,920
EI payable (7,600 + 10,640 + 1,520 + 2,128) 21,888
Cash 203,054
To record remittance to CRA.
8. 31 RRSP contribution payable (15,200 + 3,040) 18,240

Blue Cross Insurance payable (20,000 + 4,000) 24,000
Cash (cheque to financial institution) 18,240
Cash (cheque to Blue Cross) 24,000
To record remittances for RRSP and Blue Cross contributions.
(30-50 min.) P 11-9B

Req. 1
General Journal
DATE
Jan. 31 Cash 19,775
Sales 350,000
HST Payable 45,500

($114,000/12) 9,500
Feb. 4 Estimated Warranty Payable 6,250

Software Inventory 3,000
Wages Expense 3,250
7 HST Payable 45,500

Cash 29,890

($114,000/12)
28 Cash 36,725
Sales 325,000
HST Payable 42,250
Mar. 7 HST Payable 42,250

Cash 23,602
8 No journal entry is appropriate as there is no

reliable estimate of the cost of the lawsuit.
Disclosure of the lawsuit should be made in
a footnote to the statements.
Req. 1 (continued) P 11-9B
General Journal
DATE
Mar. 15 Estimated Warranty Payable 6,250
Wages Expense 2,750
21 Accounts Receivable 1,650

Repair Revenues 1,650
31 Cash 71,190
Sales 315,000
HST Payable 40,950

($2,300,000 ￗ 0.056)/12 = $10,733.33/month;
3 months = $32,200;
Presently recorded = $19,000
Difference = $13,200
Req. 2
Sundial Technologies
Balance Sheet
March 31, 2014
LIABILITIES
Estimated warranty liability $ 12,100*
Property taxes payable 32,200**
HST payable 40,950
*$7,000 – 6,250 + 6,500 – 6,250 – 1,500 + 12,600 = $12,100
** $9,500 + $9,500 + $10,733 + $1,233 (Jan adjustment) + $1,233 (Feb adjustment) = $32,200
(rounded)
(continued) P 11-9B
Contingencies:
Incidental to the business, Sundial Technologies is party to a lawsuit that alleges liability for
product failure. The company is not yet in a position to comment on the likelihood of the
lawsuit’s outcome.
Challenge Problems
(10-20 min.) P 11-1C
The student should recognize that the effect of failing to record a liability at year end results in
the understatement of a liability and the understatement of either an asset, or, more likely, an
expense. In the case of an unrecorded expense, net income will be overstated.
Understatement of a liability results in the company appearing more solvent than it may be; most
times the current ratio will be overstated even if an asset were omitted. Understatement of an
expense makes the company appear to be more profitable than it may be.
(15-25 min.) P 11-2C
1. The cost of the frequent flyer ticket when there are unsold seats would be the cost of
processing the ticket and baggage and any snack cost. The cost of the frequent flyer ticket when
a paying passenger is bumped would be the ticket revenue forgone.
The airline should probably record the lesser amount unless all or most of their flights are fully
booked. There is no hard-and-fast rule in the case where no reasonable estimate can be made
based on past history.
2. The airline should be able to estimate the potential usage based on its own experience and that
of the industry. The matching principle requires that some expense should be charged against
revenue when the original ticket is sold because the airline knows that there will be some usage
of the frequent flyer miles. The issue is how much to charge at the time of sale.
Decision Problem
(10-15 min.) Decision Problem
Req. 1
The efficiency weakness is the use of a single payroll bank account. The business can correct this
weakness by using two bank accounts, one for day-to-day business transactions and one for
payroll only. This would allow two, simpler reconciliations to be done instead of one rather
complicated reconciliation.
In addition, matching signatures from the cheques to the signatures on the TD1 Forms is
cumbersome and a task that is completed after the cheque is cashed. Terminated employees may
still have a TD1 Form on file and once the cheque is cashed, it is hard to recover the funds.
Tiwannee could also use direct deposit and rely the on the financial institution to verify the
employee.
Req. 2
A supervisor can enter a fictitious employee on a weekly time sheet, submit the time sheet to the
company, and receive and keep the pay cheque. The supervisor may forge a TD1 form with a
fake signature and use that same signature to endorse the cheque.
Also, a supervisor can keep submitting hours worked for a terminated employee. The supervisor
can take the paycheque made payable to that employee and keep it for personal use.
Req. 3
To safeguard the company against frauds identified in Requirement 2, Neil Tiwannee (or a home
office employee) should make unscheduled visits to construction sites and distribute payroll
cheques. If a pay cheque is payable to an employee not present to receive it, Neil Tiwannee can
hold the cheque for pickup at the office or ask other workers if the absent person has been
working on that job. If the workers say no, Neil Tiwannee will have uncovered a possible fraud.
As discussed earlier,Tiwannee could also use direct deposit and rely the on the financial
institution to verify the employee.
(continued) Decision Problem
Note: The separation of hiring and terminating employees from the duty of distributing pay
cheques would safeguard the company against fraud. However, this separation of duties is not
customary in the construction business because it is more economical for the supervisors to
manage all the hiring and termination of crews and to distribute pay cheques on the job site than
for all the workers to come to the home office to fill in employment forms and to receive their
pay.
Financial Statement Cases

(25-35 min.) Financial Statement Case 1
Req. 1
Gildan’s current liabilities at October 2, 2011 and 2010 (all amounts in thousands):
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 315,269 $ 186,205

Income taxes payable – 5,024
315,269 191,229
Req. 2
The Company’s joint venture, CanAm, has a revolving line of credit in the amount of $4.0
million. Borrowings are due on demand and bear interest at LIBOR plus 2.0%, with a minimum
interest rate of 4.0%, resulting in an initial rate of 4.0% per annum. The line of credit is secured
by a first ranking security interest on the assets of CanAm. There were no amounts drawn under
the line of credit at October 2, 2011 and October 3, 2010.
Req. 3
Note 13 describes, a) operating lease, b) contractual obligations outstanding of approximately

$54.9 million for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment (2010 – $76.1 million) c)
During fiscal 2011, the United States Department of Agriculture advanced $3.3 million (2010 –
$3.1 million; 2009 – $4.3 million) to CanAm, in connection with a subsidy program with the
intent of assisting domestic spinning and textile manufacturers. d) class action lawsuits e) Gildan
is a party to other claims and litigation arising in the normal course of operations.
Guarantees- The Company, and some of its subsidiaries, have granted corporate guarantees,
irrevocable standby letters of credit and surety bonds, to third parties to indemnify them in the
event the Company and some of its subsidiaries do not perform their contractual obligations.
Req. 4 (continued) Financial Statement Case 1
None of these commitments requires an amount to recorded as a liability. For example “On
August 3, 2010, the Company announced that it had entered into an agreement to settle all claims
raised in these class action lawsuits, subject to final approval from the courts, on behalf of all
persons who acquired the Company’s common shares between August 2, 2007 and April 29,
2008 (the “Class Members”). Final court approval of the settlement was obtained from each of
the courts in February and March 2011 and all of the actions have been dismissed on terms
including releases from Class Members of the claims against the Company and the named senior
officers. The settlement agreement provided for a total settlement amount of $22.5 million,
which has been entirely funded by the Company’s insurers. Therefore no provision has been
recorded in the consolidated financial statements and no amounts have been disbursed by the
Company in respect of the settlement.”
Req. 5
NOTE 14. GUARANTEES:
“The Company, and some of its subsidiaries, have granted corporate guarantees, irrevocable
standby letters of credit and surety bonds, to third parties to indemnify them in the event the
Company and some of its subsidiaries do not perform their contractual obligations. As at October
2, 2011, the maximum potential liability under these guarantees was $15.1 million (2010 – $21.8
million), of which $5.0 million (2010 – $5.1 million) was for surety bonds and $10.1 million
(2010 – $16.7 million) was for corporate guarantees and standby letters of credit. The surety
bonds are automatically renewed on an annual basis, the corporate guarantees and standby letters
of credit mature at various dates in fiscal 2012.
As at October 2, 2011, the Company has recorded no liability with respect to these guarantees, as
the Company does not expect to make any payments for the aforementioned items. Management
has determined that the fair value of the non-contingent obligations requiring performance under
the guarantees in the event that specified triggering events or conditions occur approximates the
cost of obtaining the standby letters of credit and surety bonds.”
(25-35 min.) Financial Statement Case 2
Req. 1
Rainmaker’s current liabilities at December 31, 2011 are:

Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Jan 1
2011 2010 2010
Current
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 1 ,308,881 $ 1 ,382,210 $ 1,197,602
Bank indebtedness Note 8 6 ,249,146 1 ,524,027 –
Deferred revenue Note 9 3 ,947,355 3 ,657,900 5,088,808
Current portion of finance lease obligations Note 10 2 ,060,516 1 ,701,936 1,620,515
Req. 2
The current portion of any long-term debt is calculated by totaling the amount of the debt
principal payable within the next year. Interest payable related to the debt is recorded in a
separate account. The current portion of these lease payments is likely calculated using the same
method.
Req. 3
Rainmaker’s long term obligations and other indebtedness at December 31, 2011 and 2010 is;
Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Jan 1
2011 2010 2010
Finance lease obligations Note 10 1,737,190 2 ,693,894 4,096,780

Other Note 11 46,309 123,460 208,263
The Company leases certain of its operating equipment and computer software underfinance
lease as well as operating leases. The Company’s obligations under finance leases are secured by
the lessor’s title to the leased assets. The other liability is made up of a compensation plan
whereby it agrees to pay certain executives and directors the cash equivalent of shares of the
Company upon the termination of their respective employment agreement. During 2011 cash
payments of $116,766 (2010 – NIL) were paid representing all the outstanding deferred
compensation liabilities remaining under this plan.
Req. 4 (continued) Financial Statement Case 2
Contingent liabilities
The Company and a subsidiary have been named in a suit filed in the New York Supreme Court
naming various companies, in relation to alleged profit participation rights on the film Escape
from Planet Earth, as well as other claims unrelated to the Company. The Company had obtained
an indemnification agreement from the copyright owner and distributor of the film covering
claims arising from the work by the Company and its subsidiary on the film. The copyright
owner and distributor of the film is defending the suit on behalf of all of the defendants.
Accordingly, the Company believes there will be no material liability or material adverse effects
on operations of the Company or its subsidiaries.
The Company has been served with a Writ with respect to contamination at a property where a
predecessor company formerly leased operating space from the property owner, Sun Life
Assurance Company of Canada. A Writ has been filed in the British Columbia Supreme Court by
Sun Life naming various parties, including Rainmaker Entertainment Inc., as defendants. Sun
Life is seeking unspecified damages from the named defendants. The Company continues to
evaluate the matter to determine the risk of potential liability associated with this claim. A
reasonable estimate of potential liability cannot be determined at this time.
?
(15-25 min.)IFRS Mini-Case
The first situation for Merit Resources and the situation for Harris Distribution are identical in
that both will represent a contingent gain. Under IFRS, Merit has more flexibility than Harris
will have under ASPE. The CICA Handbook for ASPE is very strict and states that contingent
gains shall not be accrued in financial statements. This stipulation is in place because we do not
want to recognize a gain that may never be realized. In this case, the government has indicated
that there will be an expropriation but an agreement has not yet been reached and Harris has not
yet been compensated.Consequently, Harris cannot recognize the gain.
In Merit’s case, the IFRS standard provides more flexibility. IAS 37.31 states that contingent
assets thatwould lead to a contingent gain (think about the journal entry), shall not be recognized.
The section goes on to state that contingent assets usually arise from unplanned or other
unexpected events that give rise to the possibility of an inflow of economic benefits to the entity.
In Merit’s case, the proposed expropriation by the government was unexpected. However, it
appears the outcome is still uncertain so the contingent asset and the corresponding gain should
not be recognized.The section further goes on to state that when the realization of income (the
gain) is virtually certain, the related asset is no longer considered contingent and recognition is
appropriate. Referring to Merit, it may be able to make the case that the discussions with the
government have reached a point where there is virtual certainty that the $3,000,000 gain will be
attained. If so, the gain should be recognized. This option is not available under ASPE.
The second situation for Merit represents a possible contingent liability. Under IFRS, a
contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from a past event or events and whose
existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain
future events not wholly within the control of the entity. In the Merit example, the lawsuit arises
from a past event (the supposed breach of contract). The future event that is not wholly
controllable by Merit is the outcome of the judicial process. It would appear that a contingent
liability exists.
The question then becomes: How should this contingent liability be recognized in the financial
statements of Merit? IFRS 37 states that a contingent liability should not be recognized.
However, if it appears that if there is the probability of an outflow of resources embodying
economic benefits to settle the obligation, a provision should be made. In Merit’s case, then, if it
is more likely than not that the lawsuit will not be settled in their favour and a reasonable
estimate of the payment can be made, the liability should be recognized.
Comprehensive Problem
Comprehensive Problem for Part 2
Req. 1
Nootka Resort net income for the last three

years as originally reported $284,100
Revisions:
Additional uncollectible account expense (1,075)
Additional cost of goods sold due to conversion
to weighted average (3,750)
Additional amortization expense for the last three
years: Building-DDB
Yr 1 ($960,000 ￗ 2/35) = $54,857
2 ($960,000 – $54,857) ￗ 2/35 = 51,722
3 ($960,000 – $54,857 – $51,722)
ￗ 2/35 = 48,767 $155,346
SL: ($960,000 – 216,000)/35 ￗ 3 (as originally reported) 63,772
Excess of DDB amort. over SL amort (91,574)
Furniture and fixtures-DDB
Yr 1 ($401,500 ￗ 2/7) = $114,714
2 ($401,500 – $114,714) ￗ 2/7 = 81,939
3 ($401,500 – $114,714 – $81,939)
ￗ 2/7 = 58,528 $255,181
SL (as originally reported) 120,500
Excess of DDB amort. over SL amort. (134,681)
Nootka Resort net income for last three years,
as revised. $53,020
Req. 2
To make a meaningful comparison between the resorts, we must apply the same accounting
methods to the data of the two resorts. We apply the Critter Cove Resort accounting methods to
convert the Nootka Resort figures to the basis used by Critter Cove Resort.
Before the conversion, Nootka Resort had higher total net income. After converting the income
statement amounts, however, we see that Critter Cove Resort has higher net income. Based
primarily on the net income comparison, Critter Cove Resort looks like the better business.

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Accounting 9th Canadian Edition Volume 2

Warranty Expense ($600,000 0.03) 18,000

Estimated Warranty Payable 9,000

Estimated Warranty Payable

Warranty expense = $18,000

(10 min.) S 11-7

(10-20 min.) S 11-8

(5-10 min.)S 11-9

(10-15 min.)S 11-10

Gross pay $4,000

(10 min.) S 11-11

(5-10 min.)S 11-13

Dec. 31 Interest Expense ($86,000 ￗ 0.06 ￗ 7/12) 3,010

July 6 Sales Tax Payable 8,050

$325,000 – $60,000 = $265,000 = 2.25

Jan. 31 Retainer Fees 5,000

The value of services to be provided in the remaining 11 months is $55,000.00.

(5-10 min.) E 11-7

Dec. 31 Unearned Subscription Revenue ($100 ￷ 6 3) 50.00

Nov. 15 HST Payable 12.00

Dec. 31 Unearned Subscription Revenue ($100 ￷ 6 3) 50.00

Estimated Warranty Payable 27,900

The balance of Estimated Warranty Payable is $28,040.

(5-10 min.) E 11-9

(5-10 min.) E 11-10

The note disclosure would be:

(10-15 min.)E 11-11

Req. a (gross pay and net pay) (10-15 min.) E 11-13

* Could also debit Employee Benefits Expense

Entry for fringe benefits:

*(708.39 ￗ 1.4) = $991.75

The current ratio increased dramatically in 2014, which is an improvement.

Req. 1 (10-20 min.) E 11-18

$298 + – $250 = $270

Beyond the Numbers

(15-25 min.) BN 11-2

29 Cash [($1,570,000 + $109,900 + $78,500) ￗ 0.20] 351,680

Feb. 5 Sales Tax Payable 109,900

July 3 Note Payable, Short-term 367,500

Nov. 30 Inventory 150,000

Dec. 31 Warranty Expense ($8,000,000 ￗ 0.02) 160,000

31 Interest Expense ($157,500 ￗ 0.05 ￗ 31/365) 669

May 31 Note Payable 157,500

Req. 1 (solving for missing payroll amounts) (20-30 min.) P 11-3A

b. Total employee earnings:

Req. 2 (payroll entry) (continued) P 11-3A

Req. 2 (employer’s total annual cost of employee)

Gross pay $99,000.00

Salary Expense 90,000.00

b. Employer Payroll Expenses:

Employee Benefits Expense 3,482.66

c. Employer Cost of Employee Fringe

Health Insurance Expense for Employees 456.00

(15-20 min.) P 11-7A

a. Estimated warranty payable [$14,600 + ($911,000 ￗ 0.02) – $15,600 $ 17,220

b. Note payable, short-term $45,000

c. Unearned rent revenue ($36,000 ￗ 2/3) $24,000

e. Portion of long-term note payable due within one year $30,000

(40-60 min.) P 11-8A

3. 30 Sales salaries 33,400

8. 31 RRSP contribution payable (7,600 + 1,520) 9,120

(30-50 min.) P 11-9A

31 Property Tax Expense 5,000

Feb. 4 Estimated Warranty Payable 1,350