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Go
Bo
K BL
CL
Go
G1
KGnew
BL
It also causes a change in the K
longitudinal CG (LCG), but CL
we’ll discuss that later...
BL
ADICIÓN DE PESO
•g
G0
G1
BL
K
CL
In the case of a weight SHIFT, the CG first shifts AWAY from the
removed weight….
…and the TOWARDS the relocated weight
Let’s first consider a weight added directly over the centerline
This will cause a the location of the CG to move TOWARD the weight ...
•g
G1
G0
KGnew KGold
BL
K
CL
BL
K
CL
M = Force x distance
•g
G1
Kg
G0
KGnew KGold
K BL
CL
• The “forces” are “w” for the added weight, and Ds for the ship’s displacement
• The “distances” are KGold and KGnew for the ship’s weight before and after
the change in weight
• And Kg for the distance of the weight from the keel
•g
G1
Kg
G0
KGnew KGold NOTE!
BL
K Dsnew = Dsold + w
CL
•g
G0
Kg
G1
KGold KGnew
K BL
CL
•g
G1
G0
Kg2
•g
KGnew
KGold Kg1
BL
K
CL
Ds GnewGold = w g2g1
Where:
Go
Bo
BL
K
CL
MT
F
B1
For small changes in inclination, the point MT is where the ship is assumed
to rotate.
ML
Metacentro longitudinal, o ML...
F
MT
F
When the ship reacts to an off-center load (which
will change the ship’s CG),...
FB
MT
G0MT
G0G1
G1
SO….
tan F = G0G1 B1
G0MT
tan F = G0G1
MT
G0MT
How?
KMT
•G0MT = KMT - KG0 Go
Bo
KG
K
CL
MOVIMIENTO TRANSVERSAL DE PESO
G Z
B BB1BB
1B
111
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
M
G3 Z3
G2
G GG2G2Z
G Z
2
G2 2 2
B1
B BB
1B
B11B
11
GZ2 = GZ3
G3
GG3
B1
EFECTO DE SUPERFICIE LIBRE Y LA PERDIDA DE ESTABILIDAD TRANVERSAL ESTÁTICA
2
CÓMO SE PUEDE MINIMIZAR EL ESF?
2. Tank length. Free surface momets (and loss of GM) are directly proportional to the length of the tank i.e. if
the tank length is doubled so will be the value of the free surface moments (and loss of GM).
3.Density . Free surface moments (and loss of GM) are directly proportional to the density of the liquid in the tank,
the greater the density of the liquid in the tank, the greater the FSM’s and subsequent loss of GM.
Ship displacement Free surface moments (and loss of GM) are inversely proportional to the displacement
of the ship. For a given tank, the loss of GM will be smaller as the displacement increases and vice-versa. It
should be noted that the actual free surface moments for any tank are not affected by the ship's
displacement (since ship displacement is not included in the formula for their calculation anyway!).
Example 1
A ship has a displacement of 12000 t and initial KG of 7.84 m. A rectangular double bottom tank has the
following dimensions; length 20 m, breadth 15 m and is filled with salt water ballast (RD 1.025) to a sounding
of 2.00 m. If the KM for the final condition is 8.00 m, calculate the final effective GM.
Consider the same example but this time the tank will be equally subdivided into two tanks.
Example 2
A ship has a displacement of 12000 t and initial KG of 7.84 m. A rectangular double bottom tank is equally
subdivided has the following dimensions; length 20 m and breadth 15 m and is filled with salt water ballast (RD
1.025) to a sounding of 2.00 m. If the KM for the final condition is 8.00 m calculate the final effective GM. It can
be seen that there are now two tanks each having a breadth of 7.5 m.
Consider the same example but this time the tank will be equally subdivided into three tanks.
Example 3
A ship has a displacement of 12000 t and initial KG of 7.84 m. A rectangular double bottom tank, which is
equally subdivided into three compartments, has length 20 m and overall breadth 15 m and is
filled with salt water ballast (RD 1.025) to a sounding of 2.00 m. If the KM for the final condition is 8.00 m,
calculate the final effective GM. It can be seen that there are now three tanks each having a breadth of 5.0 m.
EL EXPERIMENTO DE INCLINACION.
DERIVACIÓN DE LA FÓRMULA DEL EXPERIMENTO DE INCLINACIÓN
KG= KM-GM
Donde KM es obtenido de las curvas hidrostáticas
para el calado medio calculado (calados observados en el experimento).
PREPARACIÓN PARA LA PRUEBA DE INCLINACIÓN
a) El buque debe flotar libremente.
b) Todos los cabos de atraque deben estar flojos, los tanques de líquidos y
calderas bien llenos o vacíos, en lo posible, y las sentinas secas, de manera
que haya la menor cantidad de líquido con superficie libre.
g) Cuando todo está listo se mueven uno o más de los pesos de inclinación, de
acuerdo con el programa preparado y haciéndose una señal después que se
completa el movimiento, los observadores leen y anotan:
(1) El buque debe estar lo más adrizado como sea posible y tener suficiente
calado para permitir cualquier cambio significante en el área del plano de
agua como el buque sea escorado. Una desviación de diseño de trimado
hasta 1% de Lpp es normalmente aceptable cuando se usan las curvas
hidrostáticas.