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• No floating storage
X
• Reasons
– Aesthetics
– Cost
– Size
• Capital
– Pumps
– Structure
– Piping
– Controls
– Variable speed drives
• Operations
– Energy
– Labor
• Structure
• Land
• Engineering
• Light / heat
• SCADA
• Maintenance labor
• Power supply
• Energy
• Pump mechanical/electrical
• Variable speed drives
• Hydropneumatic tank
• Run pumps
– At efficient operating points
– To minimize energy cost
3 Variable Speed
2 VSP
2 Constant + 1 VSP
2 Constant +
Hydropneumatic
2 Constant + 1 jockey
Min – hour 3
Max – hour 9
Ave – hour 18
3 000
Present worth cost (k$)
2 pumps
2 pumps (2 VSP)
3 pumps
2 000
3 pumps (3 VSP)
3 pumps (1 VSP)
3 pumps (1 small)
1 000
2 pumps + hyd. tank
4 pumps
5 pumps
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Peak design flow (L/s)
100 L/s = 1600 gpm