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1. GEOSPHERE- It describes all the rocks, minerals and ground that are not found on and in earth.
2. HYDROSHERE – Includes all kinds of water that can be found on earth.
3. BIOSPHERE- Includes all living organisms on earth, together with the organic matter produced by them.
4. ATMOSPHERE- Is a layer of gases surrounding the earth.
GREENHOUSE GASES -This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in
Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT -is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a
temperature above what it would be in the absence of its atmosphere.
1. ATOMIC EXPLOSION
2. VOLCANIC EXPLOSION
PLATE TECTONICS
-The theory of plate tectonic was developed from the theories of continental drift and sea floor spreading and
states that the earth surface is divided in several large plates which are constantly in motion.
-The scientific theory which is study how the earth’s plates are driven and shaped by geological forces to keep
them in constant movement.
-the theory explains the present tectonic behaviour of the earth particularly the global distribution mountain
building, earthquake activity and volcanism in a series of linear belt.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Volcanoes are the most dramatic and rapid agents of geologic change. An erupting volcano can eject vast
amounts of ash and gasses to the atmosphere, and cover their ground with tons of lava flows and ash. Killing of
ten thousand of people at one time.
PHYSICAL MODEL
ex: model airplane, car, or plant & animal cells hanging from Ms. Guiuo’s ceiling.
GRAPHICAL MODEL
-Models that include maps & charts, such as a road map or a position of the starts.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
VALUE
-Concepts used in a specific way in order to carry out a process for making decisions.
Global human population growth amounts to around 75 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global
population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7 billion in 2012. It is expected to keep growing, where estimates
have put the total population at 8.4 billion by mid-2030, and 9.6 billion by mid-2050
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average
temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.