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Si un objeto elemento e pertenece a un objeto conjunto C lo denotaremos 𝒆 ∈ 𝑪 y se
lee: e pertenece a C.
 


𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ⁄𝑥 = 2𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}
𝐴 = {2,4,6,8,10, … }
 2ℕ 2ℕ = {2,4,6,8,10, … }

A=B A 2ℕ

𝐴⊂𝐵𝑜𝐵⊃𝐴
𝐴⊂𝐵𝑦𝐵⊂𝐴

{𝑥 ∈ 𝐴⁄𝑥 ≠
𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜}
∅𝑜{}

𝒫(𝐴) = {𝑋⁄𝑋 ⊂ 𝐴}
𝒫(∅) = {∅} 𝒫(𝒫(∅)) = {{∅}, ∅} A = {a, b, c} 𝒫(𝐴) =
{𝐴, {𝑎}, {𝑏}, {𝑐}, {𝑏, 𝑐}, {𝑎, 𝑏}, {𝑐, 𝑎}, ∅} 𝒫(𝐴)

Teoría de conjuntos
 {𝑥𝜖𝑈 ∕ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∨ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵} 𝐴∪𝐵
 {𝑥 ∈ 𝑈⁄𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵} 𝐴∩
𝐵 𝐸𝑙 𝑠í𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑟á 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑧𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎
𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎
 𝐴 {𝑥 ∈ 𝑈⁄𝑥 ∉ 𝐴}
𝐴𝑐


o 𝐴∩𝐴 =𝐴 𝐴∪𝐴 =𝐴
o 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝐵 ∩ 𝐴, 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝐵 ∪ 𝐴
o 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶, 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶
o 𝐴∩∅=∅ 𝐴∪∅=𝐴
o 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
 o 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶)
o 𝐴∪𝑈 =𝑈 𝐴∩𝑈 =𝐴
o (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵 𝑐
o (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 ∪ 𝐵 𝑐

𝐴∩𝐵 =𝐵∩𝐴 𝑥 ∈𝐴∩𝐵 →𝑥 ∈𝐴∧𝑥 ∈

𝐵(𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 ∧) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∩
𝐴(𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛). 𝐴∩𝐵 ⊂𝐵∩𝐴

𝐴 ∖ 𝐵 = 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝑐
{𝑥 ∈ 𝐴⁄𝑥 ∉ 𝐵}

𝐴 △ 𝐵 = (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐴) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∖ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

 𝐴△B=B△A
 𝐴 △ (𝐵 △ 𝐶) = (𝐴 △ 𝐵) △ 𝐶
 𝐴△𝐴=∅ 𝐴△∅=𝐴
 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 △ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) △ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
 𝐴 × 𝐵 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)⁄𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵}
 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 × 𝐶)
 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐶)
 (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∩ (𝐶 × 𝐷) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) × (𝐵 ∩ 𝐷)
 𝐴 × 𝐵 = ∅, 𝑠𝑖 𝑦 𝑠ó𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑖 𝐴 = ∅ 𝑜 𝐵 = ∅.

ℝ×ℝ
ℝ2 ℝ
𝐴2 𝐴×𝐴 𝐴×𝐵 ≠𝐵×𝐴 𝐴≠𝐵
 {𝑎⁄∃𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅} 𝐵𝑅 = {𝑏⁄∃𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅}
𝑅 ⊂𝐴×𝐵

(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
{𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 ∕ ∃𝑎 ∈
𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅}
 1
2
= 24

𝑅 𝐴 𝑅 ⊂𝐴×𝐴

𝑅 𝐴 (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅 𝑥∈
𝐴

𝑅 𝐴 (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑦, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅
x, y ∈ 𝐴

𝐴 = {1,2,3}

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴, (𝑥, 𝑦), (𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑥, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅

 A = ℕ = {0,1,2,3, … }
(2,4) ∈ 𝐷 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 (5,6) ∉ 𝐷
(2,6) ∈ 𝐷 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 (6,2) ∉ 𝐷

𝐴1 ∪ 𝐴2 ∪ ⋯ = 𝐴 𝑦 𝐴𝑖 ∩ 𝐴𝑗 = ∅ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗

𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} 𝐴 𝐴1 = {1,3,5}, 𝐴2 = {2,4,6}, 𝐴3 = {7}, 𝐴4 =

{8,9}

𝑅 𝐴 𝐴
𝐴
𝑎 𝑏 𝐴
𝑎𝑅𝑏

A=ℕ
𝑎𝑅𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 2 6𝑅8 3𝑅7
 𝑓 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑎, 𝑏) (𝑎, 𝑐) 𝑓 𝑏=𝑐
𝐴 𝐵
{𝑥 ∈ 𝐵⁄𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑓}
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑏 𝑎𝑓𝑏 (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑓}

𝐴 = {1,3,4,6} 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒} 𝑅 = {(1, 𝑏), (4, 𝑐), (3, 𝑑), (6, 𝑐)}
𝑅 {𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑} 𝑅1 =
{(1, 𝑎), (3, 𝑎), (1, 𝑐), (4, 𝑒)} (1, 𝑎) (1, 𝑐)

𝐴=ℝ 𝑓 = {𝑥, 𝑦⁄𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ} 𝑓

(0,1) (0, −1) 𝑓 g = {𝑥, 𝑦⁄𝑦 = 2𝑥; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ}
 𝑔 ℝ
𝐴 𝑖𝑑(𝑎) = 𝑎 𝑎 𝐴
𝑖𝑑 𝐴

𝑓 𝐼𝑚(𝐹)
𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ
𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 𝑓 𝐴
𝐵

𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 𝑦 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐶 𝑓 𝑔
ℎ: 𝐴 → 𝐶 ℎ(𝑎) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑎)) 𝑎∈𝐴
(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓): 𝐴 → 𝐶

𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐}, 𝐶 = {1,2,3}, 𝐵 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧}, 𝑓 = {(𝑎, 1), (𝑏, 1), (𝑐, 2)}, 𝑔 =
{(1, 𝑥), (2, 𝑦), (3, 𝑦)} (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓): 𝐴 → 𝐵 {(𝑎, 𝑥), (𝑏, 𝑥), (𝑐, 𝑦)}
𝐴=𝐵=𝐶= ℝ 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓): ℝ → ℝ (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔(2𝑥 + 3) =

(2𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔): ℝ → ℝ (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) =

𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 3

𝑖𝑑𝐴
 𝐴 𝑖𝑑𝐵 𝐵 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 (𝑖𝑑𝐵 ∘ 𝑓): 𝐴 → 𝐵 𝑖𝑑𝐵 (𝑓(𝑎)) =
𝑓(𝑎) 𝑖𝑑𝐵

𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 𝑓

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵
𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓(𝑎) ≠ 𝑓(𝑏)

(𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏)) ⇒ (𝑎 = 𝑏)

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏) 2𝑎 +

3 = 2𝑏 + 3 ⇒ 2𝑎 = 2𝑏 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑔(−1) = 𝑔(1) =
1

ℎ: 𝐶 → 𝐷 𝐶 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑} 𝐷 = {1,2,3,4,5} ℎ(𝑎) = 1, ℎ(𝑏) = 2, ℎ(𝑐) = 3, ℎ(𝑐) =

4 𝑘: 𝐶 → 𝐸 𝐶 ℎ
𝐸 = {𝑚, 𝑛} 𝑘(𝑎) = 𝑚, 𝑘(𝑏) = 𝑛, 𝑘(𝑐) = 𝑚, 𝑘(𝑑) = 𝑛 𝑘
 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3

𝑅 𝐴 𝐵 𝑅 −1 𝐵 𝐴
𝑏𝑅 −1 𝑎 𝑎𝑅𝑏 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵
𝑓
𝑓 −1 𝑓 −1 : 𝐵 → 𝐴 𝑓 −1 (𝑏) = 𝑎
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑏 𝑓 −1 𝑓
𝑏∈𝐵
𝑓 𝑓 −1 (𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑓): 𝐴 → 𝐴 (𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑎) =
(𝑓 −1 )(𝑓(𝑎)) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑏) = 𝑎 (𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑓) = 𝑖𝑑𝐴
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑓 −1 ) = 𝑖𝑑𝐵

𝐼𝑛 = {1,2,3,4, … , 𝑛}
𝑛

𝐴
𝐴 𝐼𝑛 𝑛
 𝑉 = {𝑎, 𝑒, 𝑖, 𝑜, 𝑢}
{1,2,3,4,5}
𝐼𝑛

𝑓(𝑛) = 3𝑛
𝑛 𝑓
3
Planteamiento de problemas



Básica: