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TRENDING POSTS: COLUMN A brief Presentation on Flexural Buckling of Columns EUROCODE 2 Structural Design of Cantilever Slabs - Solved Example

Beams Column Eurocode 2 Reinforced Concrete Design Structural Analysis Analysis of Column Loads in a
Building By Considering Beam Support Reactions

Analysis of Column Loads in a Building By Considering

Beam Support Reactions
by Ubani Obinna Ranks on January 13, 2018 in Beams, Column, Eurocode 2, Reinforced Concrete Design, Structural Analysis

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Introduction
In the manual design of reinforced concrete structures, column loads are usually assessed by considering the support
reactions from beams they are supporting, or by the tributary area method. The later is more popular due to its simplicity
and speed, but usually fails to capture all loads that are imposed directly on the columns, while the former is more complex
and time consuming, but very representative of all the possible loads that are imposed on the column.

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STRUCTVILLE DESIGN MANUAL

Steps on how to load a column from beam support reaction
(1) Load the oor slab adequately, and factor the loads at ultimate limit state, considering the appropriate load
combination.
(2) Transfer the loads from slab to the beam using the appropriate relationship. Based on yield lines, the loads are usually
triangular or trapezoidal, but this is cumbersome to analyse manually. An equivalent UDL (reasonably accurate) can be
used to transfer slab loads by employing the formulars below;

One way slabs

Long span   q = nlx/2
Short span   q = nlx/5

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Two way slabs highly interactive design manual by clicking on it.

Long span    q = nlx/2(1 - 1/3k2)

Short span     q = nlx/3 GOOGLE+ BADGE

Where;
q =  Load transferred from slab to the beam
n = load at ultimate limit state
      1.4gk + 1.6qk (BS 8110)
      1.35gk + 1.5qk (Eurocode 2)
Ubani Obinna Ranks
Ly = Length of long span of slab
Ubani Obinna Ranks
Lx = Length of short span of the slab
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k = Ly/Lx
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(3) Analyse the oor beams completely using any suitable method of your choice, while also considering any additional
load that may be on the beam such as wall load and nishes.
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(4) Obtain the support reactions of the beam, which represents the load that is transferred from the oor to the column. Ubani Obinna Ranks
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Bachelors Degree (B.Eng) in Civil
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experienced in structural analysis and design.
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Design Example
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In this post, the oor plan shown below is for a shopping complex, and it desired to obtain the column axial loads at
ultimate limit state.
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Size of all columns = 230 x 230mm
Size of all beams = 450 x 230mm
Thickness of slab = 200mm A brief Presentation on Flexural
Buckling of Columns
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Ubani Obinna Ranks Aug 16, 2018
Unit weight of sandcrete block = 3.47 kN/m2
Structural Design of Cantilever Slabs -
fck = 25 N/mm2
Solved Example
fyk = 500 N/mm2 Ubani Obinna Ranks Aug 14, 2018

Load combination = 1.35gk + 1.5qk

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Design variable load (qk) = 4 kN/m2

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k = Ly/Lx = 6/5 = 1.2 (in all cases)
Only external beams are carrying block work load. Twitter

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Roof beam
Permanent load on roof beams gk = 6 kN/m
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Variable load on roof beam  qk = 1.5 kN/m
(These values are assumed)
At ultimate limit state, n = 1.35(6) + 1.5(1.5) = 10.35 kN/m FACEBOOK

Slab Load Analysis

BLOG ARCHIVE
Concrete own weight = 25 kN/m3  × 0.2m  = 5.0  kN/m2

Screeding and Finishes (say)    = 1.35  kN/m2 January (11)

Partition allowance   = 1.5  kN/m2

Total (gk)    =  7.85 kN/m2 TAGS

Variable action (qk)    = 4 kN/m2
BEAMS (28) BRIDGES (6)

 n = 1.35gk + 1.5qk = 1.35(7.85) + 1.5(4) = 16.6 KN/m2 CABLE STRUCTURES (1) COLUMN (13)

CONCRETE (3) CONNECTION DESIGN (1)

Wall load on beam
CONSTRUCTION (14) DAILY QUESTIONS (12)
Unit weight of sandcrete block = 3.47 kN/m2
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS (4)
Height of wall = 3.5m

Wall load on beam =  3.47 kN/m2  × 3.5m  = 12.145  kN/m ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS (1) EUROCODE 2 (30)

EUROCODE 3 (13) EUROCODE 5 (1)

Load on Beams
EUROCODE 7 (5) FIRE (1) FORCE METHOD (9)
External Longitudinal beams (Axis 1:A-D and Axis 3:A-D)
Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 × 0.23m × 0.25m × 25 = 1.94 kN/m FOUNDATIONS (11) FRAMES (23)

Load from slab = nlx/2(1 - 1/3k2) = [(16.6 × 5)/2] × (1 - 1/(3 ×1.22)) = 31.893 kN/m GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING (15) GUIDES (10)

Load from block work = 12.145  kN/m

INFORMATIVE POSTS (14) LITERATURE REVIEW (3)
Total load = 45.978 KN/m
MATERIALS ENGINEERING (2) OPINION (3)

External Transverse beams (Axis A:1-3 and Axis D:1-3) PLASTIC ANALYSIS (1) PROGRAMMING (2)
Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 × 0.23m × 0.25m × 25 = 1.94 kN/m
PROMOTIONS (7) QUANTITY ESTIMATION (7)
Load from slab = nlx/3 = (16.6 × 5)/3 = 27.667 kN/m
Load from block work = 12.145  kN/m REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN (46)

Total load = 41.752 KN/m STAAD PRO (9)

STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCTURES (13)

Internal Longitudinal Beam (Axis 2:A-D)
Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 × 0.23m × 0.25m × 25 = 1.94 kN/m STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES (15)

Load from slab = nlx/2(1 - 1/3k2) = [(16.6 × 5)/2] × (1 - 1/(3 ×1.22)) = 2 × 31.893 kN/m = 63.786 kN/m (we multiplied by two STEEL STRUCTURES (17)

because this beam is receiving slab load from two directions.)

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS (61) TALL BUILDINGS (3)
Load from block work = 0 (there are no block works inside the building)
THIN PLATES (6) TIMBER STRUCTURES (2)
Total load = 65.726 KN/m
TRUSSES (8) WIND LOAD (2)

Internal Transverse beams (Axis B:1-3 and Axis C:1-3)

Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 × 0.23m × 0.25m × 25 = 1.94 kN/m
Load from slab = nlx/3 = (16.6 × 5)/3 = 2 × 27.667 kN/m = 55.334 kN/m (slab load is coming from two directions)
Load from block work = 0
Total load = 57.274 KN/m

Self weight of Columns

Self weight of column (factored) = 1.35 × 0.23m × 0.23m × 3.75m × 25 kN/m3 = 6.695 kN

Structural Analysis
A little consideration will show that the support reactions for the oor beams (equal spans) can be obtained by considering
the shear force coe cients given below;

Fig 3: Shear force coe cient (2 - span beam)

Fig 4: Shear force coe cient (3 span beam)

Analysis of the column axial loads

Load Analysis of Column A1
1st Floor
Load from longitudinal roof beam (1:A-D) = 0.4 × 10.35 kN/m × 6m = 24.84 kN
Load from transverse roof beam (A:1-3) = 0.375 × 10.35 kN/m × 5m = 19.41 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 50.945 kN

Ground Floor
Load from above = 50.945 KN
Load from longitudinal oor beam (1:A-D) = 0.4 × 45.978 kN/m × 6m = 110.347 kN
Load from transverse oor beam (A:1-3) = 0.375 × 41.752 kN/m × 5m = 78.285 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 246.272 kN

Load Analysis of Column A2

1st Floor
Load from longitudinal roof beam (2:A-D) = 0.4 × 10.35 kN/m × 6m = 24.84 kN
Load from transverse roof beam (A:1-3) = 2(0.625 × 10.35 kN/m × 5m) = 64.687 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 96.222 kN

Ground Floor
Load from above = 96.222 KN
Load from longitudinal oor beam (2:A-D) = 0.4 × 65.726 kN/m × 6m = 157.742 kN
Load from transverse oor beam (A:1-3) = 2(0.375 × 41.752 kN/m × 5m) = 156.57 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 417.229 kN

Load Analysis of Column B1

1st Floor
Load from longitudinal roof beam (1:A-D) = (0.5 × 10.35 kN/m × 6m) + (0.6 × 10.35 kN/m × 6m) = 68.31 kN
Load from transverse roof beam (B:1-3) = 0.375 × 10.35 kN/m × 5m = 19.41 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 94.415 kN

Ground Floor
Load from above = 94.415 KN
Load from longitudinal oor beam (1:A-D) = (0.5 × 45.978 kN/m × 6m) + (0.6 × 45.978 kN/m × 6m)   = 303.455 kN
Load from transverse oor beam (B:1-3) = 0.375 × 57.274 kN/m × 5m = 107.388 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 511.953 kN

Load Analysis of Column B2

1st Floor
Load from longitudinal roof beam (2:A-D) = (0.5 × 10.35 kN/m × 6m) + (0.6 × 10.35 kN/m × 6m)= 68.31 kN
Load from transverse roof beam (A:1-3) = 2(0.625 × 10.35 kN/m × 5m) = 64.687 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 139.692 kN

Ground Floor
Load from above = 139.692 KN
Load from longitudinal oor beam (2:A-D) = (0.5 × 65.726 kN/m × 6m) + (0.6 × 65.726 kN/m × 6m)  = 433.7916 kN
Load from transverse oor beam (A:1-3) = 2(0.625 × 57.274 kN/m × 5m) = 357.9625 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 938.141 kN

As you can see, that was very straightforward with the use of shear force coe cients, given the fact that the beams were
of equal span. When the beams are not equal, you have to carry out the analysis, and transfer the shear forces accurately.
Now, let us compare load analysis of column B2, by the tributary area method.

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11 COMMENTS:

ANONYMOUS JANUARY 14, 2018 AT 5:06 AM

This made what i have being working on easy for me. But please can this be used for steel structures too?. Thanks

Reply

Replies

UBANI OBINNA RANKS Author JANUARY 15, 2018 AT 8:06 AM

I am happy that you found this helpful. The answer to your question is yes, shear force from beams
are transferred to columns as axial load in steel structures.

Reply

JOSEPH ADONOO JANUARY 16, 2018 AT 12:06 AM

Boss in fact you are too much! I always like your approach each subject. Thank you for your educational materials

Reply

EZEOBI GERALD MAY 9, 2018 AT 10:33 PM

A little observation here bro.

The loads from each beam to the columns should be divided by 2 since adjacent columns bear half the load of the
beam they support not all.
You multiplied by 6m instead of 6/2 in the analysis of Col A1 and so on.
Pls review them coz I think they are wrong.

Eg.
Load Analysis of Column A1
1st Floor
Load from longitudinal roof beam (1:A-D) = 0.4 × 10.35 kN/m × 6/2m = 12.42 kN
Load from transverse roof beam (A:1-3) = 0.375 × 10.35 kN/m × 5/2m = 9.703 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 28.818 kN

Likewise other columms analysis.

Reply

Replies

UBANI OBINNA RANKS Author MAY 10, 2018 AT 3:51 AM

No Sir. The values are the support reactions being directly transmitted to the columns. All load
distribution has been done during the analysis of the beams.

So 0.4 x q x 6m = support reaction at A. Why share it again?

EZEOBI GERALD MAY 10, 2018 AT 8:09 AM

I see bro. Can you explain why or how the 0.4, 0.375,0.625,x q x l
. I thought its half loads transfered from beams. ie 0.5
Thanks man

EZEOBI GERALD MAY 10, 2018 AT 1:15 PM

OK. I got your work now. I just learnt a new thing.

How do we calculate the Shear force coe cients? In case of other beams of unequal
span?
Pls thanjst

UBANI OBINNA RANKS Author MAY 11, 2018 AT 5:41 AM

If the spans are unequal, it is still the same thing... You analyse the beam using any
method of your choice (force method, 3 moment equation, slope de ection
method etc). No rocket science involved

EZEOBI GERALD MAY 11, 2018 AT 5:52 AM

Thanks. I get it now.

Reply

EZEOBI GERALD MAY 9, 2018 AT 10:37 PM

Thanks for this. You are doing a great job for us that wanna know more. Thumbs up!

Reply

FEMI MAY 15, 2018 AT 8:52 AM

Good job as usual. Pls can you come up with an example of rotating or vibrating equipment support foundation
base design. Thanks.

Reply

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