HYD RAU LI CS & GE OTE C HI N ICAL E NG IN E E R IN G :

S IT UAT I O NAL PR O B LE M S :

HYD 1: Two open tanks are connected by an orifice having a cross sectional area of 0.004 m^2. Tank A is
8 m^2 in area and tank B is 2 m^2 in area. Water level in tank A is 10 m higher than that in tank B. If the
coefficient of discharge is 0.60
1. Find the discharge flowing in the orifice.
a. 56.0 L/s b. 33.6 L/s c. 42.2 L/s d. 38.5 L/s
2. How long will it be before the water surfaces are at the same level?
a. 15.9 mins b. 10.8 mins c. 12.4 mins d. 17.3 mins
3. How soon after will the water surfaces be 4 m apart?
a. 737 secs b. 602 secs c. 350 secs d. 215 secs

HYD 2: A given conical tank has base radius of 25 cm and height of 50 cm.
4. Find the height of the free surface if 0.025 m3 of water is poured into the tank.
a. 47.2 cm b. 45.7 cm c. 30.9 cm d. 34.4 cm
5. How much additional water is required to fill the tank?
a. 7.7 L b. 6.2 L c. 8.5 L d. 9.6 L
6. If the tank holds 30.5 kg of oil, what is the density of oil?
a. 933 kg/m3 b. 635 kg/m3 c. 889 kg/m3 d. 762 kg/m3

HYD 3: A rectangular plate submerged in water is 5 m x 4 m, with the 5-m side being horizontal and the 4-
m side being vertical.
7. To what depth, in m, should the top edge of the plate be submerged so that the depth of center of pressure
is 5.44 m.
a. 2.98 b. 3.33 c. 3.18 d. 2.71
8. What is the depth, in m, of the center of gravity of the plate?.
a. 5.64 b. 5.18 c. 5.71 d. 5.26
9. Calculate the hydrostatic force in kN.
a. 1 016 b. 1 043 c. 1 038 d. 1 067

HYD 4: A square tank 1.20 m on each side, 3 m deep is filled to a depth of 2.70 m with water. A wooden
cube having a specific gravity of 0.5 measuring 60 cm on an edge is placed in the water so that it will float.
10. Determine the weight of water displaced by the cube.
a. 2.12 kN b. 1.15 kN c. 2.30 kN d. 1.06 kN
11. Determine the rise of water above the original liquid surface.
a. 0.30 m b. 0.075 m c. 0.088 m d. 0.15 m
12. Determine the change in pressure force on one side of the tank.
a. 2.42 kN b. 2.84 kN c. 2.75 kN d. 2.55 kN

HYD 5: An object weighs 4 N in water and 5 N in alcohol of specific gravity 0.80. Assume unit weight of
water is 9.79 kN/m^3.
13. Calculate the volume of the object in m^3.
a. 0.00033 b. 0.00041 c. 0.00051 d. 0.00062
14. Calculate the weight of the object in N.
a. 8N b. 9N c. 10 N d. 11 N
15. Calculate the density of the object in kg/m^3.
a. 1799 b. 1805 c. 2001 d. 2145

HYD 6: A discharge of 600 L/sec flows through a pipe having a diameter of 400 mm and length of 40 m.
Calculate the head loss using the following:
16. Mannings Equation with n = 0.013
a. 1.40 m b. 2.84 m c. 3.32 m d. 4.15 m
17. Darcy Weisbach Formula with f = 0.012
a. 1.40 m b. 2.84 m c. 3.32 m d. 4.15 m
18. Hazen Williams Formula with C = 100
a. 1.40 m b. 2.84 m c. 3.32 m d. 4.15 m

HYD 7: Water flows from an upper reservoir with water surface elevation 250 m to a lower one with water
surface elevation of 100 m. It is connected by a pipe having a diameter 250 mm and total length of 100 m.
A turbine is installed at a point in between reservoirs A and B. if C = 120, calculate the following if the flow
in the pipe is 150 L/s.
1

Q = 150 L/s

T 3

D = 250 mm
L = 100 m
C = 120

19. Head loss in the pipe due to friction.

a. 3.84 m b. 2.71 m c. 4.75 m d. 5.81 m
20. The head extracted by the turbine.
a. 142.55 m b. 144.59 m c. 143.46 m d. 146.16 m
21. The power generated by the turbine.
a. 210 kW b. 220 kW c. 176 kW d. 215 kW

HYD 8: The three-reservoir system of the following figure contains water. The pipes connecting the
reservoirs have the following properties: The required flow of water to reservoir C is 5.149 m3/s.

El. 120 m
El. = ?
A L1 = 2000 m, L2 = 2300 m, L3 = 2500 m;
B
D1 = 1 m, D2 = 0.60 m, D3 = 1.20 m;
1
2 f1 = 0.013, f2 = 0.02, f3 = 0.023

El. 28 m
3 C
22. Calculate the head loss in line 1.
a. 41.39 m b. 50.60 m c. 35.96 m d. 28.15 m
23. Calculate the flow in line 3 in cu.m/s.
a. 3.63 b. 6.12 c. 2.19 d. 4.39
24. Calculate the elevation of water surface in reservoir B for the flow condition to occur.
a. 92 m b. 79 m c. 107 m d. 115 m

HYD 9: The error in the measured head in a channel is equal to 0.018 m. If the discharge flowing in the
channel is 0.60 m^3/s, compute the following:
25. Percent error in discharge if a suppressed rectangular weir is used with length of weir is 4.2 m.
a. 10.6% b. 16.3% c. 15.2% d. 6.5%
26. Percent error in discharge if a Cipolletti weir having a length of weir 4.6 m.
a. 10.6% b. 16.3% c. 15.2% d. 6.5%
27. Percent error if a right triangular weir is used. Assume Cd = 0.6.
a. 10.6% b. 16.3% c. 15.2% d. 6.5%
HYD 10: The reading of an automobile fuel gage is proportional to the gage pressure at the bottom of the
tank. If the tank is 32 cm deep and is contaminated with 3 cm of water,

28. If the tank is full of gasoline what should be the reading at the gage in Pa? Use γwater = 9790 N/m^3,
γgasoline = 6670 N/m^3 and γair = 11.8 N/m^3
a. 2134 b. 1934 c. 3132 d. 2839
29. How many centimeters of air remains at the top when the gauge indicates “full”?
a. 1.41 b. 2.36 c. 3.75 d. 4.42
30. If the tank is 0.5 m^2 in area, calculate the volume of gasoline when the gage reads “full”.
a. 138 L b. 160 L c. 123 L d. 145 L

HYD 11: Water flows uniformly at a steady rate of 14 m3/s in a very long triangular channel which has side
slopes of 1:1. The flume has a roughness coefficient of n = 0.012.
31. Which of the following gives the value of the critical depth in m?
a. 3.46 b. 1.78 c. 2.09 d. 2.65
32. Which of the following gives the value of the critical velocity in m/s?
a. 1.17 b. 2.01 c. 4.41 d. 3.21
33. Which of the following gives the value of the critical slope in m/km?
a. 2.221 b. 2.951 c. 4.713 d. 4.192

HYD 12: Two vertical square tanks have a common wall in which an orifice of area 0.25 ft2 is located. At
tank A, water is 3’ above the orifice and a pressure of 3.03 psi is kept constant. In tank B, water is 1’ above
the orifice and water surface is subject to a constant pressure of 0.87 psi.
34. If the coefficient of discharge is 0.80, what is the initial discharge in cfs?
a. 5.302 b. 4.242 c. 2.269 d. 1.253
35. If the coefficient of velocity is 0.92, what is the head loss in ft?
a. 1.036 b. 1.041 c. 1.059 d. 1.073
36. Calculate the power loss in Watts.
a. 343 b. 284 c. 189 d. 147
HYD 13: The minor loss of head in sudden expansion of a pipe is given by hm = (v1 – v2)2/2g where
suffixes 1 and 2 refer to sections before and after the expansion. A 10 cm pipe carrying oil of relative density
0.85 undergoes sudden expansion to 20 cm diameter in a horizontal stretch of the pipeline.
37. zIf the pressure difference between sections 2 and 1 is recorded as 660 Pa, what is the velocity of flow at
the 10 cm section?
a. 2.035 m/s b. 1.876 m/s c. 1.762 m/s d. 1.625 m/s
38. Calculate the discharge through the pipeline
a. 16 L/s b. 15 L/s c. 14 L/s d. 13 L/s
39. What is the head loss in the expansion?
a. 0.101 m b. 0.119 m c. 0.076 m d. 0.058 m

GEO 1: The results of a constant head permeability test for a fine sand and sample are as follows:
 Diameter of of sample = 80 mm
Length of sample = 60 mm
Constant head difference = 40 cm
Time of collection of water = 10 mins
Weight of water collected = 430 g
40. Find the hydraulic conductivity.
a. 57.03 cm^3/min c. 304.63 cm^3/min
b. 22.81 cm^3/min d. 128.32 cm^3/min
GEO 2: A constant head permeability test was carried out on a cylindrical sample of sand of 10 cm diameter
and 15 cm height.
Weight of water collected = 200 g
Time of collection of water = 2.25 min
Constant head difference = 30 cm
41. Determine the hydraulic conductivity in cm/sec.
a. 1.667 x10^- b. 3.174x10^-3 c. 9.431 x10^- d. 1.587 x10^-
3 3 3

GEO 3: A soil sample has a dry unit weight of 15 kN/m^3. If the specific gravity of the soil is 2.6,
42. Compute its saturated unit weight in kN/m^3.
a. 14.94 b. 15.70 c. 19.04 d. 13.33

GEO 4: From the given data, shows a sieve analysis of soil samples A, B and C.
Soil Sample
Sieve no. Diam (mm) A B C
#4 4.760 90 100 100
#8 2.380 64 90 100
#10 2.000 54 77 98
#20 0.840 34 59 92
#40 0.420 22 51 84
#60 0.250 17 42 79
#100 0.149 9 35 70
#200 0.074 5 33 63
Characteristics of – 40 fraction
LL 46 47
PL 29 24

43. Classify soil A using AASHTO method.

a. A-1-a b. A-3 c. A-1-b d. A-4
44. Classify soil B using AASHTO Method.
a. A-2-7(1) b. A-2-7(5) c. A-2-6(1) d. A-2-6(5)
45. Classify soil C using AASHTO Method.
a. A-7-5(13) b. A-7-5(20) c. A-7-6(13) d. A-7-6(20)
GEO 5: A granular soil deposit has its ground water table 1.0 m below the ground surface. The dry unit
weight of soil is 15.6 kN/m^3 and its saturated unit weight of the the soil is 16.6 kN/m^3. Point A is at a
depth of 4 m below the ground surface.
46. Calculate the total pressure in kPa at depth 11.0 m from the ground surface.
a. 65.4 b. 66.4 c. 62.4 d. 64.5
47. Calculate the pore water pressure in kPa at point A.
a. 29.43 b. 39.24 c. 19.23 d. 24.52
48. Calculate the effective pressure in kPa at point A.
a. 36.97 b. 35.97 c. 32.97 d. 35.07
GEO 6: A uniform soil deposit has a dry unit weight of 15.6 kN/m^3 and a saturated unit weight of 17.2
kN/m^3. The ground water table is at a distance of 4 m below the ground surface. Point A is at a depth of 6
m below the ground surface.
49. Calculate the effective stress at A in kPa.
a. 77.18 b. 96.80 c. 83.58 d. 73.98
50. If the water table goes up by 3.5 m, find the effective stress at A.
a. 88.22 b. 38.63 c. 92.59 d. 48.45
51. In comparison to the first and second question, what will happen to the effective stress at A if the ground
water level will rise up the ground surface?
a. The effective stress at that point will not change.
b. The effective stress at that point will increase.
c. The effective stress at that point will decrease.
d. The effective stress at that point will be zero.

GEO 7: Soil investigation at a site gave the following soil profile shown below. A net stress of 12 N/cm^2
is transmitted at the center of the clay layer.

4.6 m Sand
γdry = 17.6 kN/m^3

6.0 m
γ = 10.4 kN/m^3

Clay
γs = 27.27 kN/m^3
7.6 m unit wt. of soil particles
w = 40%
LL = 45

52. The buoyant unit weight of clay in kN/m^3 is

a. 18.08 b. 8.05 c. 7.54 d. 8.28
53. The overburden pressure in kPa at the mid height of the clay layer is
a. 115.93 b. 174.82 c. 193.95 d. 162.85
54. Determine the total settlement of the clay layer due to primary consolidation.
a. 34.98 cm b. 25.74 cm c. 23.71 cm d. 27.18 cm

GEO 8: In a tri-axial test for a normally consolidated soil, the normal stress at failure is equal to 450 kPa
and the shear stress at failure is equal to 350 kPa.
55. Calculate the angle of internal friction.
a. 37.87° b. 52.13o c. 51.06o d. 38.94o
56. Calculate the angle of the failure plane with the major principal axis.
a. 64.47o b. 70.53o c. 71.07o d. 63.94°
57. Calculate the maximum principal stress in kPa at failure.
a. 1622.88 b. 1182.80 c. 1165.54 d. 1661.9
GEO 9: The following data shows the results of the liquid limit and plastic limit test:
A. LIQUID LIMIT
Test Number 1 2 3 4
No. of blows 39 23 20 13
Wt. of wet soil+container 22.24 g 21.19 g 21.27 g 26.12 g
Wt. of dry soil+container 19.44 g 18.78 g 18.75 g 22.10 g
Wt. of container 12.74 g 13.24 g 13.06 g 13.27 g
B. PLASTIC LIMIT
Test Number 1 2
Wt. of wet soil+container 22.12 g 21.84 g
Wt. of dry soil+container 20.42 g 20.19 g
Wt. of container 13.07 g 13.18 g
 C. NATURAL WATER CONTENT
Test Number 1 2
Wt. of wet soil+container 17.53 g 16.97 g
Wt. of dry soil+container 14.84 g 14.36 g
Wt. of container 7.84 g 7.5 g
58. Compute the liquid limit. Use the table shown.
e. 43% f. 50% g. 38% h. 55%
59. Compute the plasticity index.
a. 23.34% b. 19.66% c. 26.67% d. 14.66%
60. Compute the liquidity index.
a. 0.9 b. 0.8 c. 0.7 d. 0.6

GEO 10: The ground water table is located at a certain depth below the ground surface. This will cause an
upward seepage.
61. What would be the resulting effective stress at a certain point below the ground water table due to the upward
seepage?
a. The effective stress at that point will not be affected.
b. The effective stress at that point will increase.
c. The effective stress at that point will decrease.
d. The effective stress at that point will be zero.

GEO 11: A saturated clay layer has a thickness of 10 m and a water content of 51% and a specific gravity
of 2.72.
62. Determine the saturated unit weight of clay in kN/m^3.
a. 16.87 b. 15.69 c. 15.11 d. 17.20
63. determine the total stress at the bottom in kPa.
a. 168.7 b. 156.9 c. 151.1 d. 172.0
64. Determine the effective stress a bottom in kPa.
a. 70.6 b. 58.8 c. 53.0 d. 73.9

GEO 12: In a triaxial test for a normally consolidated soil, the deviator stress is equal to 700 kPa and the
angle of the failure plane makes with the major principal plane is equal to 60°.
65. Compute the shearing stress at the plane of failure in kPa.
a. 525 b. 606 c. 303 d. 350
66. Compute the normal stress at the plane of failure in kPa.
a. 525 b. 606 c. 303 d. 350
67. Compute the value of the confining pressure in kPa.
a. 525 b. 606 c. 303 d. 350
GEO 13: The laboratory compaction test of a certain type of soil gives a maximum dry density of 1.486
Mg/m^3 with an optimum moisture content of 12.5%. The following are the results of a field unit weight
determination test using sand cone method.
Volume of soil excavated from the hole = 0.001337 m^3
Weight of soil from the hole when wet = 2220 g
Weight of dry soil = 1729 g
68. Determine the field unit weight of soil in kN/m^3.
a. 16.29 b. 19.63 c. 23.54 d. 13.63
69. Determine the in situ water content.
a. 22.1% b. 28.4% c. 23.5% d. 13.6%

70. Determine the relative compaction.

a. 80% b. 84% c. 91% d. 87%
GEO 14: Given the liquid limit of soil equal to 70% and its plastic limit is 38%
71. What do these percentage represent?
 a. Water content b. Void ratio
c. Degree of saturation d. Porosity
72. Determine the plasticity index.
a. 32% b. 54% c. 38% d. 42%
73. What is the plasticity index if ω = 14%
a. +0.75 b. +0.43 c. -0.75 d. -0.43
GEO 15: A confined aquifer underlies an unconfined aquifer as shown in the figure.

74. Compute the equivalent horizontal coefficient of permeability in m/day.

a. 41.25 b. 29.25 c. 39.25 d. 36.25
75. Compute the hydraulic gradient.
a. 0.0075 b. 0.0085 c. 0.0095 d. 0.0105
3
76. Compute the flow rate in m /day from one stream to another per meter width.
a. 10.42 b. 20.57 c. 17.71 d. 12.91

GEO 16: A dry soil is mixed with 17% by mass with water and compacted. Volume of wet soil is 0.001 m^3
and has a mass of 1.6 kg. If the specific gravity of soil is 2.70,
77. Compute the dry unit weight of soil, in kN/m^3
a. 15.70 b. 18.84 c. 13.42 d. 12.11
78. Compute the void ratio.
a. 0.97 b. 0.69 c. 0.41 d. 1.19
79. Compute the degree of saturation.
a. 112% b. 47.3% c. 38.6% d. 66.5%
GEO 17: A prestressed concrete pile, 400 mm x 400 mm in cross-section, is to be driven in a clayey soil
(γ=18.5 kN/m3). The design pile has a design capacity of 520 kN. Use factor of safety of 2. The unconfined
compression strength of the soil is 111 kPa. Use Nc = 9.

80. What is the end bearing capacity of pile in kN?

a. A. 57.41 b. B. 88.69 c. C. 79.92 d. D. 85.32
81. Compute the skin friction in kN expected to develop along the shaft of the pile.
a. A. 960 b. B. 870 c. C. 740 d. D. 820
82. Compute the length of the pile if α=0.76.
a. A. 15.8 m b. B. 13.1 m c. C. 12.7 m d. D. 14.2 m

GEO 18: A soil sample has a liquidity index of 0.28, a plastic limit of 12.2% and a plasticity index of 16.3%.
Specific gravity and void ratio is equal to 2.7 and 0.60 respectively.
83. Compute the water content.
a. A.17.85% b. B.16.76% c. C.15.49% d. D.18.38%
84. Compute the degree of saturation.
a. A.75.44% b. B.73% c. C.57.90% d. D.66.1%
85. Determine the dry unit weight at zero air void.
a. A.19.76 kN/cum b. B.17.32 kN/cum c. C.16.18 kN/cum d. D. 18.24 kN/cum
GEO 19: A cylinder of soil fails under an axial stress of 200 kPa when it is laterally unconfined. The
failure plane makes an angle of 49° with the horizontal. Find the values of cohesion and angle of internal
friction
86. Calculate the value of cohesion in kPa.
a. 166 b. 357 c. 213 d. 87
87. Calculate the value of internal friction.
a. 8o b. 19o c. 30o d. 15o
88. Calculate the shear stress at failure in kPa.
a. 71 b. 86 c. 99 d. 132
GEO 20: At a particular site lies a layer of fine sand 8 m thick below the ground surface and having a void
ratio of 0.7. The ground water table is at a depth of 4 m below the ground surface. The average degree of
saturation of the sand above the capillary fringe is 50%. The soil is saturated due to capillary action to a
height of 2.0 m above the GWT level.
89. Assuming Gs = 2.65, calculate the capillary pressure.
a. 9.09 kPa b. 3.09 kPa c. 6.91 kPa d. 8.08 kPa
90. Calculate the total effective pressure at depth of 6 m below the ground surface.
a. 72.71 kPa b. 111.95 kPa c. 73.28 kPa d. 92.32 kPa
91. Calculate the total effective pressure at depth of 3 m below the ground surface.
a. 63.75 kPa b. 53.96 kPa c. 44.15 kPa d. 38 kPa
GOE 21: A confined aquifer underlies an unconfined aquifer as shown in the following figure. Given the
following: H1=59 m, H2=41 m, h1=45 m, h2=33 m, K1=35 m/day and K2=27 m/day and L=2 km.

92. What is the equivalent coefficient of permeability in horizontal direction?

a. 37.8 m/day b. 38.7 m/day c. 36.1 m/day d. 31.6 m/day
93. Calculate the hydraulic gradient.
a. 0.009 b. 0.008 c. 0.007 d. 0.006
94. Calculate the flow of water from one stream to another per meter width.
a. 18.21 m3/day b. 14.23 m3/day c. 11.87 m3/day d. 16.75 m3/day

h1 K1
H1
H2
h2 K2

GEO 22: A 300 mm diameter test well penetrates 27 m. Below the static water table. After 24 hours of
pumping at 69 liters/sec. The water level in an observation well at a distance of 95 m from the test well is
lowered 0.5 m. and the other observation well at a distance of 35 m. from the test well, the drawdown is 1.1
m.

95. What is the rate of flow in m3/day.

a. 4317.9 m3/day b. 6521 m3/day c. 5961.6 m3/day d. 5331.5 m3/day

96. Compute the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer in m/day.

a. 51.8 m/day b. 65.09 m/day c. 57.56 m/day d. 60.27 m/day
97. Compute the transmissivity of the aquifer in m2/day.
a. 1579 m2/day b. 1778.4 m2/day c. 1449 m2/day d. 1288 m2/day

GEO 23: A saturated specimen of cohesion less sand was tested under drained conditions in a tri-axial
compression test apparatus and the sample failed at a deviator stress of 482 kN/m2 and the plane of failure
made an angle of 60° with the horizontal.
98. Find the chamber confining pressure in kN/m^2.
 a. 241 b. 482 c. 723 d. 964
99. Find the magnitudes of the major principal stress kN/m^2.
a. 241 b. 482 c. 723 d. 964
100. What would be the magnitude of the major principal stress at failure for another identical specimen of sand if
it is tested under a cell pressure of 200 kN/m^2
a. 300 kPa b. 400 kPa c. 500 kPa d. 600 kPa