Philippine Normal University

National Center for Teacher Education

College of Graduate Studies and Teacher Education Research
FACULTY OF ARTS AND LANGUAGES

BE502/MLE503 (Teaching Strategies in the BE/MLE Classroom)

2nd Semester S.Y. 2013-2014
Dr. Florencia Marquez
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TEXT-BASED GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION

- Text-based instruction is also known as genre-based approach. In this approach, communicative

competence involves mastery of texts.
- Traditionally, the term genre was used in literary studies to refer to different literary textd, which
had different structures (e.g. poems, short stories, essays, and novels). However, Ashton (1979)
extended its definition by including texts such as restaurant menu, advertisements, business
letters etc. Likewise, genre is exclusively applied to written texts, but also to spoken language
activities such as tutorials, jokes and the likes.
- According to this view, learners in different contexts have to master the use of text types
occurring most frequently in specific context: studying in an English-medium university, working
in a restaurant, office or store, socializing with neighbors etc.
- According to Wallace (1993), a genre is a text type which has a distinctive form or content and
which is socioculturally recognized as serving a particular function.
- The core units if planning in TB are text types. However, the syllabus also specifies other
components of texts such as grammar, vocabulary, topics, and functions. Hence, it is a type of
mixed syllabus, one which integrates reading, writing, and oral communication, and which
teaches grammar through the mastery of texts rather than in isolation.

Genre Differentiated from Text Type

Genre Text Type

Recipe Procedure
Personal letter Anecdote
Advertisement Description
Police report Description
Student essay Exposition
Formal letter Problem-solution
News item Recount
Health brochure Procedure

Description of the Text-based Instruction

a. explicit teaching of structures and grammatical features of spoken and written texts;
b. linking of spoken and written texts to the cultural context of their use;
c. designing units of work which focus on developing skills in relation to the whole texts;
d. providing students with guided practice.

Contents of a Text-based instruction

The following are the text types included in the 2002 syllabus for primary and secondary level
students in Singapore.

Procedures e.g., procedures used in carrying out a task

Explanations e.g., explaining how and why things happen
Expositions e.g., reviews, arguments, debates
Factual recounts e.g., magazine articles
Personal recounts e.g., anecdotes, diary/journal entries, biographies,
autobiographies
Information reports e.g., fact sheets
Narratives e.g., stories, fables
Conversations and short e.g., dialogs, formal/informal letters, postcards,
functional texts e-mail, notices

Implementing the Text-based Approach

Phase 1: Building the Context

Phase 2: Modelling and deconstructing the text
Phase 3: Joint construction of the text
Phase 4: Independent construction of the text.

The Problems of the Text-based Approach

a. focuses on the product rather than the process;
b. there is missing emphasis on individual creativity and personal expression;
c. there’s a danger that the approach becomes repetitive and boring

References

Baisa-Julian, Ailene G. (2012). Pinagyamang pluma. QC: Phoenix Publishing House.

 Gonzales M. T, Iganacio, T.P., Tayao, M.L. (1997). Applied linguistics for communication arts. QC:
University of the Philippine Open University.
Richards, Jack (2006). Communicative language teaching. NY: Cambridge University Press
Retrieved February 25. 2014 from http://www.cambridge.org/other_files/downloads/esl/booklets/Richards-
Communicative-Language.pdf

CLEAN AIR ACT

Ang Batas Republika bilang 8749 o mas kilala sa pangalang Clean Air Act ay ipinagtitibay ng
Kagawaran ng Kapaligiran at Likas na Kayamanan (DENR) upang mapangalagaan ang hangin sa ating
kapaligiran.

Ang batas a ito ay naglalayong mapanatili ang malinis na hangin sa kabila ng pagtamo sa kaunlaran
upang mapangalagaan ang kalusugan ng mga tao. Ang batas na ito ay bahagi ng Sustainable Development
Program ng bansa. Ang nasasabing programa sa pagpapaunlad ay tumutukoy, sa pagtamo ng
pangangailangan ng kasalukuyang panahon nang hindi makaapekto sa pangangailangan ng susunog na
henerasyon.

Parirala Sugnay

Parirala, Sugnay, at mga Uri Nito

Ang parirala ay lipon ng mga salitag walang simuno at panaguri. Wala itong buong diwa.

Halimbawa maruming hangin sa paligid

Pagtutulungang maglinis
mabuti sa kalusugan ng tao

Ang sugnay ay lipon ng mga salita sa pangungusap na buo ang diwa. May dalawang uri ng sugnay. It ay
ang:

a. sugnay na makapag-iisa – bahagi ng pangungusap na may buong diwa kahit ihiwalay sa

pangungusap.
b. Sugnay na di makapag-iisa- bahagi ng pangungusap na hindi nagbibigay ng buong diwa
kapag inihiwalay sa pangungusap, Ito ay kadalasang pinangungunahan ng pangatnig gaya ng
ngunti, samantalang, kung, sapagkat, habang.

1. Ang kalinisan sa kapaligiran ay dapat nating panatilihin (sugnay na makapag-iisa) nang maging
malusog ang ating pangangatawan (sugnay na di makapag-iisa).

2. Laganap na ang polusyon sa kapaligiran (sugnay na makapag-iisa) kaya’t umaksiyon kaagad ang
pamahalaan hinggil dito. (sugnay na di makapag-iisa)

Suriin ang mga lipon ng salita sa bawat bilang. Bilugan ang naiiba sa pangkat.

1. maganda ang kapaligiran

masarap manirahan dito
masaya sana
nakakabuti ito sa ating kalusugan

2. mahusay na panukala
dumagsa ang tao
mahusay na panukala
maganda ang maibubunga nito

3. kapag nagsama-sama ang lahat

dahil sa may pakialam tayo
nang luminis an fating kapaligiran
ang lahat ay naging Masaya

Sundin and panuto sa bawat bilang upang makabuo ng makabuluhang pangungusap gamit ang mga
parirala at sugnay.

1. Bumuo ng dalawang parirala tungkol sa possibleng dahilan ng polusyon sa hanging.

 a.
b.

2. Dugutngan ng signay na di makapag-iisa ang pahayg na “Maglinis na tayo ng kapaligiran.”

3. Lagyan ng sugnay na makapag-iisa ang sugnay na “sapagkat sa ating kamat nakasalalay ang
tagumpay nito”