E-DCH TTI

This setting controls the HSUPA TTI mode that will be configured. Two HSUPA TTI modes,
2ms TTI and 10ms TTI, are specified in the 3GPP Release 6 specifications. Support of 10ms
TTI is mandatory for each UE, whereas support of 2ms TTI is an optional capability for each
UE that is defined in terms of E-DCH category. So far, only UEs with E-DCH category 2, 4, 6
can support 2ms TTI mode (25.306 s5.1 Table 5.1g) 2ms TTI mode is used to accelerate
packet scheduling and reduce latency. The HSUPA TTI mode is signaled to the UE at call
setup by the RRC message.

TTI, Transmission Time Interval, is a parameter in UMTS (and other digital

telecommunication networks) related to encapsulation of data from higher layers into frames
for transmission on the radio link layer. TTI refers to the duration of a transmission on the
radio link. The TTI is related to the size of the data blocks passed from the higher network
layers to the radio link layer.

To combat errors due to fading and interference on the radio link, data is divided at the
transmitter into blocks and then the bits within a block are encoded and interleaved. The
length of time required to transmit one such block determines the TTI. At the receiver all bits
from a given block must be received before they can be deinterleaved and decoded. Having
decoded the bits the receiver can estimate the bit error rate (BER). And because the shortest
decodable transmission is one TTI the shortest period over which BER can be estimated is
also one TTI. Thus in networks with link adaptation techniques based on the estimated BER
the shortest interval between reports of the estimated performance, which are used to adapt to
the conditions on the link, is at least one TTI. In order to be able to adapt quickly to the
changing conditions in the radio link a communications system must have shorter TTIs. In
order to benefit more from the effect of interleaving and to increase the efficiency of error-
correction and compression techniques a system must, in general, have longer TTIs. These
two contradicting requirements determine the choice of the TTI.

In UMTS Release '99 the shortest TTI is 10 ms and can be 20 ms, 40 ms, or 80 ms. In UMTS
Release-5 the TTI for HSDPA is reduced to 2ms. This provides the advantage of faster
response to link conditions and allows the system to quickly schedule transmissions to
mobiles which temporarily enjoy better than usual link conditions. As a result the system most
of the time transmits data over links which are better than the average conditions, because of
this the bit rates in the system most of the time are higher than what the average conditions
would allow. This leads to increase in system capacity.

Can you explain me, for example in UL, if we change TTI from 10 ms to 2ms we have
throughput increaseng from 2 Mbps to 5. I want to know, why? As i understand, TTI this is
time when resousre sceduling for UE. How this time infuent on throughpu?

Its because you can then send the SRB on the HSUPA channel, freeing up the codes that can
be allocated in such a way that you can get 2×SF2 + 2×SF4, allowing you up to 5.8Mbps.

in case of 10 ms i can't use SRB on the HSUPA? And in case of 2ms (HSDPA) i can use SRB
on HSDPA? Yes, with 10ms, UL SRB will be on the DCH, not the HSUPA channel.
in 10 ms TTI it is transmitted 32 kbps and it is consumed 1 CE.
In 2 ms TTI it is transmtted 160 kbps and consumed 8CE.
In 2ms TTI ,for max throughput 2X2+2X4 SF . so SF2 it transmitted 1.92mbps and SF4 it
transmitted 960 kbps .it will get around 5.7 mbps .
and 96 CE is consumed to get this much speed.

with 2ms TTI you can respond faster to Link conditions. So if you have a link which is good
you can get higher throughput due to quick allocation. Hence we could get better than average
bit rates and hence gain in throughput.

*A 10 ms TTI is supported in all categories

** Two E-DPDCHs at SF2 and two at SF4

Support for the E-DCH TTI (Transmission Time Interval) of 10 ms is required for all HSUPA
categories. It is only some HSUPA categories that support a 2 ms TTI. Also the highest data
rate supported with a 10 ms TTi is 2 Mbps. The reason for this is to limit the amount of buffer
memory required in the NodeB for soft combining because a larger block transport size means
that a larger soft buffer is needed for retransmissions.

4 Radio Interface and Modulation

The new technical capabilities to the radio access network introduced by HSDPA are

 A new common High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH), which can be
simultaneously shared by multiple users and is provided with a number of Spreading Factor 16
(SF-16) CDMA codes.

 The use of a shorter Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 2ms, which enables higher speed
transmission in the physical layer. Within each 2 ms TTI, a constant spreading factor of 16 is used
with a maximum of 15 parallel channels in the HS-DSCH. These channels may all be assigned to
one user during the TTI, or may be split amongst several HSDPA users. There is no Power Control
with HSDPA, the HS-DSCH is transmitted at a constant power. However, the modulation, the
coding, and the number of codes are changed to adapt to the variations of radio conditions. The
shorter 2ms TTI (compared to TTI of 10 .... 80 ms in UMTS) means faster reactivity to user or
radio condition changes and needed capacity can be quickly allocated to users.

 The use of fast data traffic scheduling. This means that variations arising from changing radio
conditions can be accommodated and that the BTS is able to allocate a required amount of the
particular radio cell’s capacity to a particular user for a short period of time. A user is thus able to
receive as much data as radio conditions will allow. This capability is often compared to the
mechanisms used in WLANs.

 The use of Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC). AMC with fast link adaptation means that
the modulation and coding formats can be changed in accordance with variations in the channel
conditions, leading to a higher data rate for users with favourable radio conditions. Original UMTS
uses only Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation. HSDPA can use 16-QAM
modulation when the link is sufficiently robust, which can lead to a significant data rate increase.
  The use of fast retransmission based on fast Hybrid Automatic Response reQuest (H-ARQ)
techniques. Fast H-ARQ enables erroneous packets to be resent within a 10ms window, ensuring a
high TCP throughput. In addition, in HSDPA the mechanisms for ARQ are moved to the BTS
from the RNC in original UMTS. By using these approaches, all users, whether near or far from
the base station, are able to receive the optimum data rate.

The radio interface features of HSDPA are summarized in Table hspa1.

Table hspa1. Radio Interface Features of HSPA

Feature HSDPA

Downlink Frame Size 2ms TTI (3 slots)

Channel Feedback
Data User Multipelxing
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Hybrid-ARQ
Spreading Factor
Control Channel Approach
Channel quality reported at 2ms rate
or 500 Hz
TDM/CDM
QPSK & 16-QAM Mandatory
Chase or incremental Redundancy
(IR)
SF=16 using UTRA OVSF
Channelization Codes
Dedicated Channel pointing to
shared Channel

The overall goal of the new radio interface for the uplink communication defined by HSUPA is to
improve the coverage and throughput as well as to reduce the delay of the uplink dedicated transport
channels. The general features of the radio interface of HSUPA are:

 BPSK modulation
 No adaptive modulation
 Multicode transmission
 Spreading Factor either 2 or 4
 10ms and 2ms TTI but initially only 10ms TTI to be used.
 Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)

Key technical capabilities introduced with HSUPA are:

i. A new dedicated uplink channel. Unlike HSDPA, HSUPA remains based on a dedicated
channel. A series of new channels are introduced for both signaling and traffic to improve overall
uplink capabilities. Like HSDPA, HSUPA introduces fast retransmissions based on the Hybrid
ARQ Protocol (H-ARQ) for error recovery at the physical layer.
ii. Fast Node B scheduling which enables the Node B to control, within the limits set by the RNC,
the set of Transport Format Codes from which the UE may choose. This will enable improved
coverage and capacity in the uplink.