Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Satander Kumar
Development of Technologies
2015
2.15
1650
1.65
1150
1.15
0650
0.65
Column
0150
0.15 Year of
Year Column
-0.35
• Cement - most consumed man made product in world
• Aim :
GHG Reduction
Pollution Control
Cost effectiveness
Need Based +
Added advantages
Eco- Cement/Concrete Industry
1 tone cement need 1.5 ton raw- 700 million calorie
Matunga Bombay 1960 200 mm First Mechanised Road with slip form paver 1992-93
CONCRETE CLOTH
(6-14 mm thickness )
• Flattening of Tyre
• Minimum Asphalt 75 mm
Machine /Diamon grinding for milling /retexturing concrete DIGITAL VERNIER C- TEXTURING/TINNING
White Topping for Sustainable Road Infrastructure”
- 50 mm -200 mm
• Due to bond between the top and the existing bituminous layer
24
CRRI
CSIR Ghaziabad
Whitetopping Construction
Whitewash/Slurry wash
• Surface Temp. < 45 deg C
• Milling- rutted/cracked
> 50 mm
PQC work over Stabilised layer in Progress
Finished Road
• Tining (Texture depth ) 3mm Width
• 4 mm Depth
Composite Pavement
In case of Heavily Damaged Flexible
Pavements- slurry seal with Modified
Emulsion IRC:SP:81-2008
ULTR THIN WHITE-TOPPING
Punalur Kerala
( 1877)
44
Vidya Sagar Setu
1992
Hooghly River,
Cable Stayed
457.2 m span
Pylon height 128 m,
L = 823 m,
Longest span in Asia,
Howrah - Kolkata 45
View of the Hybrid Cable Stay Br.
46
Pre cast Longest span Bridges
worlds Longest Suspension Worlds Tallest Suspension Br
Bridge Japan 1998 Akasi Kaikyo Bridge Japan
Span= 1.9 km
H = 298 m
Longest since 1998 L -= 3.9 km
48
Worlds Longest Cable Stayed Bridge
Worlds Tallest Cable Stayed -2004 China –Russky bridge, 10km
France – Millau Span = 342 m Span = 1.01 km
L = 2.46 km 2008
W= 32 m L = 10.1km
H = 343 m H 227 m
49
50
Jadukata Bridge
$92 million. cost
India will have highest railway bridge in world over river Chenab.
2. Thinner, (200mm)
Patna
Kathipara Interchange- Chennai
Chemical Admixtures: IS: 9103-1979
Improperly consolidated Concrete
IS: 15388
Microsilica production is a--- by product of Ferro silicon Industry
Smelting plant with furnaces,
coolers and baghouse
Quartz, coke and
wood as raw
materials
Microsilica
Silicon or ferro-silicon
2000 oC
electric arc furnace
IS: 3812 Part 1 Processing of Fly
ash
Types of coal
Temperature of burning
Reactivity
ОО •••
• FLY ASH -
COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS OF
ELECTROSTATIC -PRECIPITATORS
- CONSTITUTES 80% OF TOTAL ASH
• POND ASH
- BOTTOM ASH + FLYASH- MIXED SLURRY FORM
• blended cement,
• graded aggregates (passing 2.36 mm)
• additives
• controlled expansion
• good bonding
MICROCRETE- 2nd Definition
• Active solid,
• Self emulsifies
• deep penetrating,
• water repellent
Specification
• Do not apply -thickness of over 5mm - water proofing.
• Patch/repair compound.
2. Thinner, (200mm)
3. Very Thinner ( 100mm)
Effect of Pre-stressing and
High Grade – Green Tech.
• Conventional :
• Normal pile 750- 1000mm Dia
• Vertical and horizontal clearance more
• Safety less
• No mechanical
• smooth surface
• revolutionizing the precast industry.
• Thin Pavement
Self-compacting concrete (SCC)
• maintaining homogeneity
• Complicated forms
• Congested reinforcement
IRC: SP:62,
IRC:SP:70
IRC 44
1. Enhanced productivity,
3. Reduced manpower
• Admixture IS 9103
• Air content 2% - 3%
BASIC OF Mix Design SCC
• Powder or Fines < 0.125mm.
Indian Standard on :
Recycled aggregate
(RA) is produced by
crushing some
categories of C&D
waste in mobile or
stationary recycling
(f) (g) (h)
plants.
PROCESSING OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION DELHI
X
A B
y= d/2 d d
y= d/2 d d
C ?ℓ/3
/3 ? /3 ?ℓ/3
/3 D Y ?/2
ℓ/2 ?/2
ℓ//2 Z
ℓ/3
ℓ?
P/2 P/2 P/2 ℓ? P/2
0.0032x (BI)0.89
Bump Integrator
DIP STICK
DEFLECTOMETER
P A.Wider Area
B. Smaller area
dmax
B
i) Shape of Load Pulse is half sine
ii) Duration of Pulse 25 milli- seconds
iii) Automated Temperature Sensing
iv) Automated air Temperature Sensing
Evaluation of Load Transfer Efficiency at Joints
LOAD
d2 d1
Distance
117
Detection of Voids
118
FWD test on area with and without void
Deflections,mmx10-3
Test on voids
Load, kN
119
Composite Cement- IS: 16415-2015
• Cement 35-65% - 35 kg cement
• Fly ash 15-35% - 35 kg fly ash
• Slag 20-50% - 30 kg slag
Copper slag 40 35 50
RCA 25 20 upto M 25 100
Chlorides = 0.5%
Sulphates = 0.04 %
Water absorption = 5% upto 10% With precaution
LIMITS FOR CONCRETE
WEARING OTHER
COURSE WORKS
10 mm
100 100 100 100
4.75
mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
2.36
mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100
30
5 50
0 15
NOTE out side the limit except 600 micron upto 5% Permissible
126
No change in blue values, 150 micron value 0-20% crushed stone sand
Crack Depth Ferroscan (Cover meter) for
Measurement Detecting and Measuring
using SURFER Depth of a Cover, Position of
Reinforcing Bars
Machinery required at site for small work- Space required
Joint Cutting
1874-1879
Pre Cast Prestressed Concrete Piles
Individual Pre cast components Piers/Mould
NH 2 L&T
Launching/Lifting Pre cast panel NH-2
Transportation 180 ton
Girder (Prestressed)- each
side of Pier Head
How to
Join ?
stitch
segments for
joining
Drains and panel
• Causeways
Pre cast Concrete Bridge Elements
Pre cast Beam/Manhole
cover/drainage spot
Pre cast Dirt wall
Height and horizontal gauge must
Height and horizontal gauge must
Application in India
• 6 Lanning of Chandikhole- Jagatpur Bhubneshwar Km
419- km 62, NH 5 Cuttack Orissa - NHDP - V
Brigade, Kanakpur
Techspan® Bangalore BC
Mould
Delhi MCD
Structure- Black cotton soil
• Prismatic – Characterized
by vertical oriented
aggregates or pillars with
flat tops.
• Prismatic structure is
commonly seen in soils
with high clay content and
in horizons dominated by
high shrink-swell clays.
SOIL - Munsell Color Chart
• Identify soil color - uniformly describe soil composition.
75 75
[1+0.728 (P0.075)*PI]
For R2 = 0.67
Non-Plastic Soil
For R2 = 0.84
• M = Inorganic silts
• C = Inorganic clays
• O = Organic silts and clays
Unified soil classification IS:1498 - A line
GC and SC
SM
Unified soil classification IS: 1498
Major division Symbol Brief description of soil type Laboratory test results
Gravel, ‘G’ Clean gravel with less GW Well graded gravels and gravel sand mixes Cu > 4, Cc = 1 to 3
more than half than 5% fines
of the coarse GP Poorly graded gravels and gravel sand mixes Not meeting Cu and Cc
Coarse grained materials
(more than 50% particles
than 4.76 mm Gravels with GM Silty gravels and gravel sand mixes Atterberg limits below A
sieve appreciable percent of line or PI less than 4
fines (more than 5%)
GC Clayey gravels and gravel sand mixes Atterberg limits above A
line or PI greater than 7
Sands, ‘S’ more Clean sands with less SW Well graded sands and gravely sands Cu > 6, Cc = 1 to 3
than half of the than 5% fines
coarse fraction SP Poorly graded sands and gravely sands Not meeting Cu and Cc
finer than 4.76 requirements of SW
mm sieve Sands with SM Silty sands and sand-silt mixes Atterberg limits below A
appreciable percent of line or PI less than 4
fines (more than 5%)
SC Clayey sands and sand clay mixes Atterberg limits above A
line or PI greater than 7
Silts and clays with liquid limit less than ML Inorganic silts, clayey silt or fine sand Classification by
Fine grained materials
75 m sieve
Silts and clays with liquid limit more than MH Inorganic silt elastic and micaceous silts
50 (L)
CH Inorganic fat clays
Product Categories
– Polypropylene fibres,