Eutectic

eutectoid

Pearlite and
Cementine

Austenite

Ferrite

Pearlite and
Carbide
Pearlite

Steel Cast iron

 Various Features of Fe-C diagram

Delta region of Fe-Fe carbide diagram

Liquid +

Ferrite region of Fe-Fe Carbide diagram

Pearlitic structure
 107

The
true equilibrium
iron carbon phase
diagram with
graphite instead of
cementite as a stable
phase.

T(°C)
1600
Graphite formation
1400 L Liquid +
promoted by
+L Graphite
Si > 1 wt% 1200 1153°C
Austenite 4.2 wt% C
slow cooling
1000
Adapted from Fig. 11.3(a) & (b), Callister 7e.
+ Graphite
800
740°C
0.65

600
Adapted from Fig.
+ Graphite
11.2,Callister 7e. (Fig. 11.2 400
adapted from Binary Alloy 0 1 2 3 4 90 100
Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., (Fe) Co , wt% C
Vol. 1, T.B. Massalski (Ed.-
in-Chief), ASM International,
Materials Park, OH, 1990.)

110 111

Adapted from Fig. 11.3(c) & (d), Callister 7e.

112
 Adapted from Fig.11.5,
Callister 7e.

119

Brass: Zn is subst. impurity -lower : 2.7g/cm3

(costume jewelry, coins, -Cu, Mg, Si, Mn, Zn additions
corrosion resistant) -solid sol. or precip.
Bronze : Sn, Al, Si, Ni are strengthened (struct.
subst. impurity aircraft parts
(bushings, landing & packaging)
gear) NonFerrous
Cu-Be: -very low : 1.7g/cm3
precip. hardened Alloys -ignites easily
for strength -aircraft, missiles

-lower : 4.5g/cm3
-high melting T
vs 7.9 for steel -Nb, Mo, W, Ta
-reactive at high T -Ag, Au, Pt
-space applic. -oxid./corr. resistant
Based on discussion and data provided in Section 11.3, Callister 7e. 121
120