I/O

1. Short for input/output. The term I/O is used to describe any program, operation or
device that transfers data to or from a computer and to or from a peripheral
device. Every transfer is an output from one device and an input into another.
Devices such as keyboards and mouses are input-only devices while devices
such as printers are output-only.

2. In computing, input/output or I/O (or, informally, io or IO) is the communication

between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside
world, possibly a human or another information processing system.

INFINIBAND
1. InfiniBand is a computer-networking communications standard used in high-
performance computing that features very high throughput and very low latency.
It is used for data interconnect both among and within computers. InfiniBand is
also used as either a direct or switched interconnect between servers and
storage systems, as well as an interconnect between storage systems.

2. InfiniBand is a type of communications link for data flow between processors and
I/O devices that offers throughput of up to 2.5 gigabytes per second and support
for up to 64,000 addressable devices. Because it is also scalable and supports
quality of service (QoS) and failover, InfiniBand is often used as a server connect
in high-performance computing (HPC) environments.

NAS
1. Network-attached storage is a file-level computer data storage server connected
to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of
clients. NAS is specialized for serving files either by its hardware, software, or
configuration.

2. Network-attached storage is dedicated file storage that enables multiple users

and heterogeneous client devices to retrieve data from centralized disk capacity.
Users on a local area network access the shared storage via a
standard Ethernet connection. NAS devices typically do not have a keyboard or
display and are configured and managed with a browser-based utility. Each NAS
resides on the LAN as an independent network node, defined by its own unique
Internet Protocol (IP) address.
CASSANDRA
1. The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability
and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and
proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the
perfect platform for mission-critical data. Cassandra's support for replicating
across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your
users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.

2. Apache Cassandra is a free and open-source, distributed, wide column

store, NoSQL database management system designed to handle large amounts
of data across many commodity servers, providing high availability with no single
point of failure. Cassandra offers robust support for clusters spanning multiple
datacenters,[1] with asynchronous masterless replication allowing low latency
operations for all clients.

COLD SITE
1. A cold site is a similar type of disaster recovery service that provides office
space, but the customer provides and installs all the equipment needed to
continue operations. A cold site is less expensive, but it takes longer to get an
enterprise in full operation after the disaster.

2. cold sites are mere empty operational spaces with basic facilities like raised
floors, air conditioning, power and communication lines etc. On occurring of an
incident and if the operations can do with a little down time, alternate facilities are
brought to and set up in the cold site to resume operations.
CRAC
1. A computer room air conditioning unit is a device that monitors and maintains the
temperature, air distribution and humidity in a network room or data center.
CRAC units are replacing air-conditioning units that were used in the past to cool
data centers.

2. Computer room air conditioning is a unit that is used to monitor and maintain the
temperature of room in which the computing equipment operates. They maintain
the proper air distribution and humidity of the network room.

CRAH
1. A computer room air handler is a device used frequently in data centers to deal
with the heat produced by equipment. Unlike a computer room air conditioning
unit that uses mechanical refrigeration to cool the air introduced to a data center,
a CRAH uses fans, cooling coils and a water-chiller system to remove heat.
 2. CRAH equipment are specially designed and manufactured with inbuilt control
system to precision control the temperature and humidity.

DevOps
1. DevOps is the combination of cultural philosophies, practices, and tools that
increases an organization’s ability to deliver applications and services at high
velocity: evolving and improving products at a faster pace than organizations
using traditional software development and infrastructure management
processes. This speed enables organizations to better serve their customers and
compete more effectively in the market.

2. DevOps (a clipped compound of "development" and "operations") is a software

development methodology that combines software development (Dev)
with information technology operations (Ops). The goal of DevOps is to shorten
the systems development life cycle while also delivering features, fixes, and
updates frequently in close alignment with business objectives.
ETHERNET
1. Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local
area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks
(WAN).

2. Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting wired local area networks,
enabling devices to communicate with each other via a protocol -- a set of rules
or common network language.

FIBRE CHANNEL
1. Fibre Channel, or FC, is a high-speed network technology (commonly running at
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 128 gigabit per second rates) providing in-order, lossless,
delivery of raw block data, primarily used to connect computer data
storage to servers. Fibre Channel is mainly used in storage area networks in
commercial data centers. Fibre Channel networks form a switched
fabric because they operate in unison as one big switch. Fibre Channel typically
runs on optical fiber cables within and between data centers, but can also run on
copper cabling.

2. Fibre Channel is a high-speed networking technology primarily used for

transmitting data among data centers, computer servers, switches and storage at
data rates of up to 128 Gbps.
GIGABIT ETHERNET (GBE)
1. In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing
various technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per
second (1,000,000,000 bits per second)
2. Gigabit Ethernet is a version of the Ethernet technology broadly used in local
area networks for transmitting Ethernet frames at 1 Gbps. It is used as a
backbone in many networks, particularly those of large organizations. Gigabit
Ethernet is an extension to the preceding 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps 802.3 Ethernet
standards. It supports 1,000 Mbps bandwidth while maintaining full compatibility
with the installed base of around 100 million Ethernet nodes.

HADOOP
1. Apache Hadoop is a collection of open-source software utilities that facilitate
using a network of many computers to solve problems involving massive
amounts of data and computation.

2. The Apache Hadoop software library is a framework that allows for the distributed
processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple
programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands
of machines, each offering local computation and storage. Rather than rely on
hardware to deliver high-availability, the library itself is designed to detect and
handle failures at the application layer, so delivering a highly-available service on
top of a cluster of computers, each of which may be prone to failures.

HOT SITE
1. A hot site is a duplicate of the original site of the organization, with full computer
systems as well as near-complete backups of user data. Real time
synchronization between the two sites may be used to completely mirror the data
environment of the original site using wide area network links and specialized
software.

2. A hot site is a commercial disaster recovery service that allows a business to

continue computer and network operations in the event of a computer or
equipment disaster. For example, if an enterprise's data center becomes
inoperable, that enterprise can move all data processing operations to a hot site.
A hot site has all the equipment needed for the enterprise to continue operation,
including office space and furniture, telephone jacks and computer equipment
OPEN FLOW PROTOCOL
1. Open Flow is a communications protocol that gives access to the forwarding
plane of a network switch or router over the network.

2. Open Flow is a protocol that allows a server to tell network switches where to
send packets. In a conventional switch, packet forwarding (the data path) and
high-level routing (the control path) occur on the same device. An Open
Flow switch separates the data path from the control path.

PAAS
1. Platform as a Service or Application Platform as a Service or platform base
service is a category of cloud computing services that provides
a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without
the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated
with developing and launching an app.

2. Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model in which a third-party

provider delivers hardware and software tools -- usually those needed for
application development -- to users over the internet. A PaaS provider hosts the
hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result, PaaS frees users
from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new
application.

PROTOCOLS
1. The accepted or established code of procedure or behaviour in any group,
organization, or situation.

2. In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that end points in
a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols specify
interactions between the communicating entities.

RAID STORAGE
1. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks, originally Redundant Array of
Inexpensive Disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines
multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the
purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.

2. RAID (redundant array of independent disks; originally redundant array of

inexpensive disks) is a way of storing the same data in different places on
multiple hard disks to protect data in the case of a drive failure. However, not all
RAID levels provide redundancy.
SAAS
1. Software as a service is a software licensing and delivery model in
which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. It is
sometimes referred to as "on-demand software" and was formerly referred to as
"software plus services" by Microsoft.

2. Software as a service is a software distribution model in which a third-party

provider hosts applications and makes them available to customers over the
Internet. SaaS is one of three main categories of cloud computing,
alongside infrastructure as a service and platform as a service.

SAS
1. SAS (previously "Statistical Analysis System") is a software suite developed
by SAS Institute for advanced analytics, multivariate analyses, business
intelligence, data management, and predictive analytics.

2. SAS is an integrated system of software solutions that enables you to perform

data entry, retrieval, and management, report writing and graphics design,
statistical and mathematical analysis, business forecasting and decision support,
operations research and project management, applications development.
SATA
1. Serial ATA (SATA, abbreviated from Serial AT Attachment)[2] is a computer
bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such
as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives.

2. Stands for "Serial Advanced Technology Attachment," or "Serial ATA." It is an

interface used to connect ATA hard drives to a computer's motherboard. SATA
transfer rates start at 150MBps, which is significantly faster than even the fastest
100MBps ATA/100 drives.

SONET/SDH
1. Synchronous optical networking and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) are
standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit
streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light
from light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

2. Synchronous Optical Networking and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy are

standardized multiplexing protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over
optical fiber using lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Lower data rates can
also be transferred via an electrical interface.
STORAGE NETWORKING
1. Storage networking is the collective processes of interconnecting external
storage resources and devices over a network to all connected computers/nodes.
Storage networking makes it possible to share one or more storage resources on
a network in an IT environment, where a single storage server can be used to
provide storage capacity to multiple users simultaneously.

2. Storage networking is the practice of linking together storage devices and

connecting them to other IT networks. Storage networks provide a centralized
repository for digital data that can be accessed by many users, and they use
high-speed connections to provide fast performance. It's most common to find
storage networks in enterprise settings, although some vendors do sell
networked storage products for consumers and small businesses.

VIRTUAL TAPE SYSTEM (VTS)

1. A peripheral unit that combines a disk cache and tape library to improve
performance and eliminate cartridge waste. Also called a "virtual tape server,"
data intended for tape are written to the disk cache and later written to tape in the
background. If a tape is read frequently, a certain amount of its data is held in the
cache, which greatly improves access times over the slow loading process of a
robotic library.

2. A virtual tape system is a cloud or virtual data storage and backup system that
uses magnetic-tape-based consolidated storage infrastructure to store and
retrieve data.

VIRTUALIZATION
1. Virtualization refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices,
and computer network resources.

2. Virtualization is the process of running a virtual instance of a computer system in

a layer abstracted from the actual hardware. Most commonly, it refers to running
multiple operating systems on a computer system simultaneously. To the
applications running on top of the virtualized machine, it can appear as if they are
on their own dedicated machine, where the operating system, libraries, and other
programs are unique to the guest virtualized system and unconnected to the host
operating system which sits below it.
VTL
1. A virtual tape library is a storage system consisting of hard disk drives that looks
and acts like a physical tape library. VTLs are typically used for backup and data
archiving purposes. The array of disks is presented to the backup software as
tape. Data is written sequentially, just as it would be as if it were being written to
rotating tape, but can be written and read more quickly because disk is the
underlying media. In addition to providing faster backup and recovery times,
VTLs are scalable, can reduce operating costs and are compatible with other
storage features such as reduplication.

2. A virtual tape library is a data storage virtualization technology used typically for
backup and recovery purposes. A VTL presents a storage component (usually
hard disk storage) as tape libraries or tape drives for use with existing backup
software.

WIDE AREA FILE SERVICES (WAFS)

1. Wide area file services products allow remote office users to access and share
files globally at LAN speeds over the WAN. Distributed enterprises that deploy
WAFS solutions are able to consolidate storage to corporate data centers,
eliminating the need to back up and manage data that previously resided in their
remote offices.

2. Wide-area file services is a storage technology that makes it possible to access a

remote data center across a wide area network (WAN) as though it were
local. WAN optimization and file access acceleration are essential elements of
WAFS. Caching is used to reduce WAN congestion and disruption.