sing irfoce gative high ward This s the ative of the with eral ote bond lured the this layer + dee hose lakes have y at niher aller age ably asity ange arge ats an inge chan ad edge: -setyiatonate Everson Z in Vitamin B,- Dettency Abstract. Urinary miethylmatonate SVinsufficiency of vitamin Bu. Excretion of methylmatonate is not affected by folie acid, vitamin E, or seleniuon, but is markedly decreased by small amounts of vitamin Bee udded 10 the diet. Methylmatonste was found inthe urine of rats developing. dietary ver necrosis (). Excretion 9f metbylnao. hte vas not reated to vitamin Efe the die even though viamin E pro. tected the Tats against liver necro. ‘Addition of certain antibiotics (aur: tmyein,peniclin) decreased eeretion Of mathyinalonate and. other ether. soluble acids, but methylmalonate. was Sill detectable inthe urine. Previously it had been found in the urine of aor mal ris or in rats resving anthracene 0) Attempt has been made further 10 modify excretion of ‘methylmalom Recents, it has been noted that patient Tih pernicious ane excreted large uantlies of methyinatonate 3.) 1 it believed that this oceus beeQvBS the rewction Methylmatonyleoenzyme A= ‘succinyleoenzyme A requires a coenzyme which is derived from vitamin Be (4). The effects on ‘mortality and methylmatonate excretion of vitamin Bo, folie acid, selenium, and vitamin E were therefore studied. Folie acid was added because of its effects fon macrocytic anemia, and selenium be- cause of its protective effects in dietary liver necrosis (5). A liver necrosis-producing diet, com sisting of cornstarch 79 percent, torula yeast 18 pereent, USP No. XIV salt ix 3 percent, cod liver off 1.4 ml, and ped lard D.P.. 6.3 cc, was fed 10 male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. daily supplement containing thiamine 2 ug, caleium pantothenate 100 ng, pYti doxine 20 yg, riboflavin 25 yg, ant vitamin K 20 pg. was given, This dist was not known to be deficient in aos vitamin other than vitamin E. Rats ‘were kept in individual cages. Urine ‘yas collected daily under toluene: out put Wes measured, An ether extract fof rine was prepared and chromate fraphed as. previously described. (3) Results are presented ia Table ‘One mierogtam of vitamin Be wit fly diet of nine not able J. Effect of vatious dietary supplements ROK ‘on eats receiving dit th prod Urinary {> Sno escort Death Liver SS mstyimafonie as cis rotneec te oo o No supplement = a6 oro 80 ost ae tat ; Yamin Br ° io 4 van | Seeite | oi So's ° ses : ; Pic ect 6010 199 wot ra soe i Yimin coro 19 soit ° 6-2 trine of one rat in ds 2 days, and in the remaining animals, by the 7th day. When 10,g were given Sin one eral dose, methylmalonate dis appeared from the urine ofall rats with in 5S days. A single intraperitoneal dose 3f 10 yg was followed by disappear “ance of methylmalonate from the urine ‘of four rats on the second day. | The rats that received a vitamin By supplement grow at the same rate as those on the basal dict. They devel oped liver necrosis at the same time as the control rats. Methylmalonate did not reappear in the urine of any of the treated rats for ~ a8 long as they survived, Survival in this group of rats averaged 37 days ater the diet was begun The organic acids which appear in Most of the rats on this diet include ‘a Keloglutaric, citi, succinic, and hip- puri, as well as methylmalonie acids, “Lactic, cis-aconitie, pyrolidone carbox- | Mil, and malie acids appear not infre- ‘quently. Approximately 1 to 3 meq of ‘Geach acid are excreted daily. On the ££ eay-of the maximum decrease of meth- ‘eislmalonate excretion, a consistent ine ~ Sigrease in succinate excretion was noted, “2 Sodium selenite was added to the diet of four rats at 0.2 mg per kilogram of diet, “The rats lived and did not de- velop liver necrosis. No effect of added sles fe on methylmalonate excretion ‘as noted during | month. © Folic acid deficiency results in a macrocytic anemia which may be con- {fesed with vitamin Br deficieney. ‘The diet of four rats was supplemented with folic seid, 1 mg per day. This did not fect the development of liver necrosis © the excretion of methylmalonate, Methylmalonate excretion was found {© decrease in some older rats weighing $010 $5 g at the start of the diet that luced liver necrosis. ‘This decrease “d related to a general deere ¥, of another in} £6 — ESE Smee mma e emer aT in organic acid excretion in the older rats, Sixteen rats were given vitamin E, I mg per day. No change in methyl. malonate excretion was noted, though these rats did not develop liver necrosis 6). Lewis A, Barxess Dusxa G, Yous Rowenr Nocia Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of the Universisy of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4 LM. Forbes, 1 AL Ramassy HL Moet Pr Gyorey Proc. Suc. Eup Bro afee Bec ToSDi Ahern Morte, Shey 3. abi, Chem Bo ia Er Boyland and AA" Lev Bioshnr, J. 39. WAL iBaries ct al, Neve nck J.B Tia aa (ise), E,W con nd AML Whe, Temeeris6zi, 55 i) 411°C Wood aad Smet. Prec. Sat Acad Sot W344, 33 CivelbEP, Lense Master, 8. Oem, ibd, 46,1392 (190): 41 Flavin Pd. Ovuz, 8, Oshon, Nate 138 8 Soe. 9, 3292 11957), " 6 Sted "O'S: patie em Serie Aeolian Zone Abstract. It is postulated shat « wide= Spread biotic zone, based on wind- blown organic materials such as puller and oceanic albuminoids, exists in ‘mountainous and polar regions, The aeolian zone or biome, distinct frow alpine and arctic tundra, may te die Vided into terrestrial, nival, and aquatic divisions, The alpine life zone may be defined as a biome existing above timber Tine in mountainous areas. The upper limits fof the zone have not been clearly Tineated but, in general, the alpine « hhas been assumed to esiend »