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Abstract: An intuitive high-level argument is presented suggesting that direct-sampling radio frequency (RF) receivers using Nyquist
analog-digital converters can be as power-efficient as analog heterodyne receivers for equal dynamic range specifications, at least at lower
RF frequencies well below the ft of the IC process. System planning for direct-sampling receivers is reviewed, highlighting dBFS/Hz as an
intrinsic measure of dynamic range, independent of channel and Nyquist ban

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Abstract:
An intuitive high-level argument is presented suggesting that direct-sampling radio frequency (RF) receivers using Nyquist analog-digital
converters can be as power-efficient as analog heterodyne receivers for equal dynamic range specifications, at least at lower RF
frequencies well below the ft of the IC process. System planning for direct-sampling receivers is reviewed, highlighting dBFS/Hz as an
intrinsic measure of dynamic range, independent of channel and Nyquist bandwidths. Power dissipation versus dynamic range for recently
reported heterodyne and direct-sampling receivers is examined.

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

Page(s): 1276 - 1282 INSPE

Date of Publication: 19 July 2016 DOI: 1

ISSN Information: Publis

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SECTION I.
Introduction

The direct-sampling (DS) radio frequency (RF) receiver architecture, designed

around a Nyquist ADC, is becoming an increasingly practical alternative to the
heterodyne receiver architecture. It is particularly attractive in light of the
broadening and proliferation of wireless spectrum bands. Nevertheless,
considerable doubt remains that the direct-sampling architecture can ever
compete in power-constrained applications, unless the application truly
requires capturing a large fraction of the Nyquist bandwidth. This paper
intends to show that both architectures have a similar lower bound on power
dissipation, which can be progressively approached as the ratio of process to
the maximum signal frequency increases.

The argument, stated briefly, is that simultaneous requirements for sensitivity

and blocker tolerance in a radio receiver require a suitable product of converter
resolution and sample rate. The RF analog–digital converter (ADC) in a direct-
sampling receiver requires a much higher sample rate than the baseband ADCs
in a conventional receiver. The corresponding oversampling gain in turn
permits significantly lower resolution, which tends to balance the power
dissipation.

To begin, we define an equivalent ADC input noise density given the

ADC's SNR and Nyquist bandwidth. The Nyquist bandwidth is ,

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Theoretical Comparison of Direct-Sampling Versus Heterodyne RF Re... https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7516638/

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