Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
FROM RIWAYATI
Ruways and Rawḥ
From the Ṭarīq of Ash-
Shāṭibiyyah and Ad-Durrah
In the link, Ya˘qūb’s Muṣḥaf is the last one on the right hand side
(light blue) 16 th. http://www.alwa7y.com/downloads/
4
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
The Tajwīd Rules of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
The two Rāwīs who preserved his qirā-ah are Ruways and Rawḥ.
ii) Rawḥ: Abū ul-Ḥasan Rūh ibn ˘Abd El-Mu-min Al-Hudthalī Al-
Baṣrī. (d. 235 A.H.), who was one of the teachers of Imām al-
Bukhārī (d. 256 A.H.) and he narrated from him in his ṣaḥīḥ.
5
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
1- THE BASMALAH BETWEEN TWO SŪRAHS
6
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
4-Mīm Uljam˘ And The Previous Letter’s Ḥarakah
7
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
5. Hā-Ul-Kināyah, PRONOUN
( maksūrah, without ṣilahفِّيهِّ) IV. Ya˘qūb reads the hā of the word
ى ُل فِّيهِّۦ ُم َهانىا ) ( َو َي ۡخ ُ ۡ
ُل فِّي ِّهِّ ُم َهانا )(Al-Furqan 69 ( َو َي ۡخ ُ ۡ
ِّ
8
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
6. The Rules of a Single Hamzah in a word
(1) Naql (or naql ul-ḥarakah) means to transfer the ḥarakah of the
hamzah to the sākin ṣaḥiḥ letter before it and omit the hamzah.
ُۡ ً َ
َٰ
Ya˘qūb makes naql, only for one word: َعدا ٱلوَّلin 53: 49. He
َ َ َّ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ ى
reads )َ (وأنهۥ أهلك َعدا ٱلَولwith naql and idghām of the tanwīn into
the sākin lām, then transfers the ḍammah of the hamzah to
ً
the sākin mushaddad lām, omitting the hamzah and reads:ََ ََعداَٱلَول.
َ ُۡ
In waqf on the first word ََعدا, he starts the 2nd in 3 ways (a) َٱۡلول,
ُ
the preferred, (b) َ َٱلول: hamzat ulwaṣl is pronounced maftūḥah,
ُ
followed by the lām with maḍmūmah and lām with taqlīl. (c) ََلول:
without hamzat ulwaṣl, since the lām acquired a ḍammah.
Ruways only, makes naql in 55: 52 ۡبق َ ۡ َم ِّۡن إ ۡست, he reads: ۡبق
َ ۡ َمِّن ٱِ ۡست.
ِّ ِّ
ََْ ْ
ٌ ۡبق ِّط
*** يب ٍ م ِِّّن است
(2) Ibdāl: Ya˘qūb yubdilu (replaces or substitutes the hamzah by a
letter of madd that corresponds to the previous letter’s ḥarakah).
He makes ibdāl of some hamazāt:1- hamzah maftūḥah preceded by
َ ( ِّلَ َه19:19). 2- A sākin hamzah into
َ َِّلَ َه-بب
kasrah tubdal into a yā: ب
an alif in (18, 21) وج َ وج َو َما ُج َ وج َو َمأۡ ُج
َ يَا ُج:وج َ يَأۡ ُج
ٌ ۡ ً َ َّ َ
(3) Ḥadthf: َحبذفYa˘qūb deletes a hamzah from (18: 94) ) دَّك:(دَّك َء
َ َ َ ُ َٰ َ ُ
and ) يُض َٰ ُهون: هون ِّ ((يض9: 30).
9
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
(4) Tas-hīl -means easing the pronounciation by reading a hamzah
between the sound of a hamzah and the letter of madd which
corresponds to its ḥarakah. Ya˘qūb reads the 2nd hamzat alwaṣl in
ۡ ۡ ُ َّ َء-ّلِل
ُ َّ َءاsūrah 10, and كرين َّ َ َ َّ َ
َء۬ا لَٰٔـ َن- َءٓالَٰٔـ َن/ ۬اّلِل َ ۬اَّلء-ين
ِّ ءاَّلكرin sūrat 6: with
tas-hīl and ibdāl into an alif that is elongated to 6 ḥarakāt madd
lāzim. Ruways only, reads with tas-hīl - -and in the following.
10
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
8. Repetitive Questioning (Istifhām Mukarrar)
َ ۡ َ َ َّ َۡ َ َۡ َ َ َ ْ ُ ََ
[Sūrat Us-Sajdah: 10 [ }ۡرض إ ِّنا ل ِِّف خلق جدِّي ِّد ِّ ذا ضللنا ِِّف ٱل.{وقالوا أ-7
َ ُ َ َّ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َّ َ َ ۡ َ ُ َّ ُ ى َ ى
[Sūrat Aṣ-Ŝāffāt}ل َمبعوثون}{إ ِّنا ل َمدِّينونذا مِّتنا َوكنا ت َرابا َوعِّظاما {إ ِّنا. {أ-9-8
َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ َ َ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ى َ َ ى
[Sūrat Ul-Waqi˘ah[}مِّتنا وكنا ترابا وعِّظاما إ ِّنا لمبعوثونذا.{وَكنوا يقولون أ-10
َ َ ى َّ َ ى َ َ ۡ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ َ َ ُ ُ َ
[ Sūrat An-Nazi˘āt [}لمردودون ِِّف ٱۡلاف ِّرة ِّ} {إ ِّذا عِّظاما َّنِّرةنا.{يقولون أ-11
11
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
9. 2 ADJACENT HAMZAHS BETWEEN 2 WORDS
When 8 hamzahs meet in 8 words, (i.e. the 1st hamzah is the last
letter of the 1st word and the 8nd hamzah is the 1st letter of the
8nd word) Ruways reads these words in different ways, depending
َ َ ْ َ ْ
on the ḥarakāt of the 8 hamazāt (pl.). *** َو َحقِّق ُه َما َّكالِّختِّل ِّف يَ ِِّع وِّال
The 2 hamzahs either differ or agree in their ḥarakāt.
ْ ْ َ ُ َ َّ َّ َّ (
(b) identical with kasrah: )ن.-ِِّ إِّن
ال (هَٰؤالء.-ن) ٱلن ِّ َسا ِّء إِّال.-ٱلس َماءِّ إِّن
َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ
(c) identical with ḍammah, the only one: ) ْو َٰٓلئِّك. وَلَا ُء ِّ أ-وَلَا ُء أ ْو َٰٓلئِّك
ِّ (أ.
The Rule
(a) If the 1st hamzah is maftūḥah, then make tas-hīl of the 2nd.
12
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
َ َ َ َ ى ُ ى
The 8nd will have a kasrah )ِ َٰل-ئ إ ِّ َٰل (تفِّيor a ḍammah )ِ َّمة-( َجا َء أ َّمة.
The only dthat ulyā that Ya˘qūb reads with an imālah is in 17: 72
ٗ ُّ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ
٧٢ م َوأضل َسبِّيل ٰو َمن َّكن ِِّف هَٰ ِّذه ِّۦ أع ِ ى,
َٰ م ف ُه َو ِِّف ٱٓأۡلخِّرة ِّ أع َ the first one.
َّ ُ ْ َ
ُ ُك َواۡلَّ ْم َل ُح ْط َو َي
َ اء يَاس
ٌِّْي ُي ْمن َ ْ َُ َ َّ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ َ
وال ت ِّمل حز سِّوى أعم بِّسبحان أوال ** وطل َّكف ِِّّرين ال
ۡ
Ruways reads one word with an imālah كف ِِرينا كف ِِريناا–اٱل ٍا
ٍا, wherever it
occurs and Rawḥ only, shares him in one place, in sūrah 27: 43.
13
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
Rawḥ reads another word with an imālah at the beginning of sūrat
ۡ ُْ
Yasīn: ِّيم
ِّ ك َ
ٱۡل يٍسااواالق ْارءا ِا, Ruways makes the idghām with the fatḥ
ن
14
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
12- Ruways Makes Ishmām With a Ḥarkāh or Letter
ْ يئ
a) Al-ishmām: the pronounciation of the 1st letter of a word (ت َ ( ِّس
with a combination of 2 vowels: round the lips as if pronouncing
ḍammah, while producing a kasrah for the same letter, as follows.
Ruways makes ishmām in 6 words س َء ( ّ ِ ي11: 77), يت َ ( ّسِِّ ي67: 27),
َ َ ّ َ َ ّ َ ّ
( َو ّحِيل34: 55), يق َ ( َو ّ ِس39: 71,73), يض ( و ِغ11: 40), ق ِيِّل-( َوق ِيلrepetitive),
and ي َء ( َو ّجا ْ ي39: 67), (89: 23). *** يل َو َما َم ْع ُهو َ ْ
َِّواش ِم ىما ِطل بِّق
ِ
If 8 sākin letters meet between 8 words, then waṣlan, the 1st sākin
is either given a ḥarakah or it is dropped if it is a madd letter.
َ
Ya˘qūb reads the 1st sākin with a ḍammah, Only in one word: أ ْو,
on the condition that the 8nd sākin is a verb that starts with
hamzatul waṣl and its 2rd letter (including hamzatul waṣl), carries
ُ َ َ ُ َ ْ ۡ َ
a permanent ḍammah (lāzimah). (أ ُو ٱخ ُر ُجوا مِّن دِّي َٰ ِّركم) (ن ِّۡصف ُهۥ أ ُو ٱنق ۡص
ۡ ُ َ َّ ُ ۡ ُ
َّ اد ُعوا َ ى
)ٱلر ۡح َم َٰ َن ) (ق ِّل ٱدعوا ٱّلِل أو٣ م ِّۡن ُه قل ِّيل
15
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
13. Al-Idghām Aṣ-ṣaghīr (Assimilation)
Ruways makes iṫĥhār, like Ḥafṣ, and Rawḥ makes idghām of dthal
ُّ َ َ ُ ُّ َ َ َ ۡ ُّ َ َ َ َّ َ َّ ُّ َ َّ
into the ta in the following word: ۚأخذ-فأخذته-وأخذتم-ۚٱَّتذ-ٱَّتذتم
Note: The 4 obligatory sakatāt that Ḥafṣ makes are specific only to
Ḥafṣ in sūrat (18:1,2-36: 54-75:37) and (83:14). Reciters connect.
َ
ع)( َوقِّيل َم ۡن َراق َٰ َ َ ان
َ َ ۡ َ َّ َ ُ َٰ َ ۡ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َٰ َ َ َ ۡ َّ ٗ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ
ِ هذا ما وعد ٱلرحمن)(ِك بل ر ولم َيعل ّلۥ عِّوجا قيِّما)(مرقدِّنا
َ ى ْ َّ َ ََ ٌَ َ َْ َ ُ ْ َ َُْ ََ
ين ِِّف ع َِّوجا بَل
ِّ ِّ و ن اَل ِّف
ِّ ل أ ع *** ة يف ط
ِّ ل ع
ٍ طق ون د ص ٍ وسكتة ح- 820
ف
َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ
وصل *** ران واْلاقون ال سكت م ون َم ْن َراق َو َم ْرقدِّنا َوال ِّم بَل
ٍ و ِِّف ن- 821
16
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
14- Al-Idghām Al-Kabīr of Mithlayn
17
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
15) Stopping on the ˘Uthmanic Muṣḥaf Script
Ya˘qūb stops on some words that end in a tā, with a sākin hā.
َ َّ ى ْ ْ َ َّ َ ُ ُ َ َّ ْ َ ُ َ
فبِّال َهاءِّ ق ِّف َحقا رًِّض َو ُم َعبوِّال *** ثٍ اء مؤن إِّذا كتِّبت بِّاَلاءِّ ه- 328
َ َ ۡ َ َ ۡ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ ۡ َ َّ ُ َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ ُ َ ۡ َ
– ۚف ِّطر-ٱبنت-وجنت-ۚشجر-ۚقر-ت ِّ ومع ِّصي-ۚٱمرأ-لعنت-سنت-ن ِّعمت- رحه:رحت
َ َ ى َ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ َ َٰ َ َ ي َ َ َ ُ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ
-ُۚص َ َ
ِّ ح-ٍۚ ثمر-بيِّنت-ءايت-ت ِّ ٱلغرف-ت َٰ
ِّ غيب-َك ِّمت- بقِّيت-ت ِّ يأبsākin hā )(ي َٰأبه.
َٰ
َ َ
َ اۚ َب ۡه
He stops with hā, except 5 words he stops with tā: }جة {ذ-
َ َ َ
١٩ }ى َٰ ت َو ۡٱل ُع َّز َّ
َ َٰ ٱلل /ت َّ ٱللَّ
َٰٓ اۚ} {أفَ َر َء ۡي ُت ُم َ ََۡ َ ََۡ
اۚ}{ هيهاۚ هيه
َ َ ََ َ
ِّ { َّوالۚ حِّْي مناص}{م ۡرض
18
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
َ
ْ َُ ُ َ َ
ِّين َء َام ُنوا ل َِّم تقولون َما ال ونَ ٣٥ي َٰأ ُّي َها َّٱَّل َ ُ ۡ َ ٌ َ ۡ ُ َ َّ َ َ َ ُ ۢ َ َ ۡ ُ ۡ ُ ۡ َ ُ َ
جع ٱلمرسل ِإَوّن مرسِّلة إَِّلهم بِّهدِّية فناظِّرة بِّم ير ِّ ِّ
َ ُ ۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ َ ُ
َ ۡ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ ُ
ُ
نس ُن م َِّّم خل ِّ َق( ٥ل َِّم تَا ُّجون ٱۡل َ َٰ َ َٰ َ
تفعلون ٢عم يتساءلون١فِّيم أنت مِّن ذِّكرىها ٤٣فلينظ ِّر ِّ
َ َ
َ َۡ َّ َ ۡ ُ َ َ ۡ ۡ َ َٰ َ َ َ ُ َ ُّ َ َ َ ۡ َ ُ
ت ٱّلِلِّ -ل َِّم تلب ِّ ُسون ِّيما لي َس لكم بِّهِّۦ عِّل يۚم -ل َِّم تكف ُرون َأَِبي َٰ ِّ ِِّف إِّبرهِّيم -فل ِّم تاجون ف
نت ۡم َص َٰ ِّدق َ وه ۡم إن ُك ُ َّ َ َ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ ُ ون َعن َ َ َ ُ ُّ َ ۡ َ َّ ۡ
ٱل َ
ِّْي Sūrah 3)١٨٣ ِّ م ت ل ت ق ِّم ل ف -ِّ ٱّلِل يل
ِّ ِّ ب س د ص ت ِّم ل - ل
ِّ ط
ِّ َٰ ب ٱۡلق ب ِّ
ًت 4- The mushaddad mabni Ya-ul-Mutakkalim: عَ َ -ل َّي-ب ِّ َي َد َّي-ٱبۡنَ َ َّ لَّ َ َ - إ ِّ َ َّ
َ
ُصخ َِّّيه -ٱبۡن َت َّيه خ -ب َي َديَّه-إ َ ََّلهَ -علَ َّيهَ َ -ليَّه -ب ُم ۡ ب ُم ۡ َّ
ِّ ِّ ِّ ُص ِّ ِّ ِّ ِّ
َّ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ
ت – 5- Ruways (only), on ِس َٰ ًت -يَٰح ِف -يَٰويل َٰ The Sheikhثم -فثم -ي َٰأس َٰ
An-Naḥḥās said that: “It is preferred not to stop with hā’-us-sakt
َ ََ َ َ َََۡ َ َ ۡ َ َ َو ُذو نُ ْدبَة َم ْع َث َّم ط ْ
ًت-يَٰحِست for Ruways in # 1, 4 or 5 َٰ ِف-يَٰويل َٰ ب * ”.ي َٰأس َٰ ِّ ٍ
َ ََ ََ َََ َ ََ
(as this nūnوكأ ِّي-فكأ ِّي وكأي ِّن -فكأي ِّن Ya˘qūb stops with yā on َ
ُّ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ُّ َ َ ْ َ ُّ َ َ َ ُّ َ َ
حل represents tanween), الرح ِّن رافقن ِّ ان وأيهالى اۡلورِّ و ِّ -38ويا أيها فوق الخ ِّ
َ
(, in sūrat an-Nūr, Az-Zukhrufأيُّ َه) There are 3 words ending in hā
َ َ َ ۡ ُ َ ُ َ
-س َنف ُرغ لك ۡم أيُّ َه ٱِلَّقل ِّن and ar-Rahmān -وقَالُوا ْ َي َٰ َأيُّ َه َّ
ٱلساح ُِّر
َ ى َ ُّ َ ۡ ُ ۡ ُ َ
ون َ َ.جِّيعا أيه ٱلمؤمِّن
َ َ
.ي َٰأ ُّي َها If Ya˘qūb were to stop on one, he would pause with an alīf,
19
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
17- Yā-āt al-Iḍāfah
2) There are 14 yā-iḍāfah that precede hamzat waṣl with lām ut-
َّ َ ۡ َ ُ َ َ َ
َ لظَٰلِّم
Ta˘rīf (Identification Article “al”): like: )ْي ِّ (ال ينال عهدِّي ٱ2:124
Ya˘qūb reads these yā-āt with fatḥah, except 3 with sukūn. (29:56)
َّ ُۡ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َّ َ يَا ِّع َبادِّي َّٱَّل
( قل ل ِّعِّبادِّي ٱَّلِّين ءامنوا39:53) ( يَا ِّع َبادِّي ٱَّلِّين أسفوا14:31) ِّين َء َام ُنوا
ُ َ َ َ َ
20
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
18. YĀ-ĀT AZ-ZAWĀ-ID (EXTRA)
Ya˘qūb reads the extra yā waṣlan and waqfan, with few exceptions.
As for the yā that is deleted waṣlan, يم ِّ ح َ ۡ صا ِّل-
ِّ ٱۡل
َ ۚشئا
ِّ
َ ۡٱۡل َوار ٱل ۡ ُمن َ ۡ (due to
ِّ
َۡ َ
the meeting of 2 sākin letters) he reads ٱۡلوارِّي,17 extra yā, waqfan.
ُ َّ َ َ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َْ ُ َوتَث ْ ُب
ع َِّبادِّي اتقو ُط َما *** وس اآل ِّي ِّ وسف ُح ْز ك ُر ْي *** ال َي َّت ِّق بِّي ِّ الاۡل ِف
ِّ ت
ْ ُ ُْ َْ َ َ ُ َ ُ ْ ْ
ِس َوص ٍل ان نم ٍل ي
ِّ وٓات *** َواحذِّف َم ْع ت ِّم ُّدون ِّن فل
In the link, Ya˘qūb’s Muṣḥaf is the last one on the right hand side
(light blue) 16 th. http://www.alwa7y.com/downloads/
21
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī
19. References
دمحم: منظومة للمؤلف: الدرة المضية في القراءات الثلث المتممة للعشر المرضية-1
.بن دمحم بن دمحم بن علي بن يوسف ابن الجزري
How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. I bear witness that
Non has the right to be worshipped except You. I seek Your
forgiveness and turn to You in repentance.
22
The International book of Qirā-at Ya˘qūb Al-Ḥaḍramī