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SPM SEMINAR
2018
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PART 2

PHYSICS
ENROL AND ACCESS LESSON VIDEOS

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 TIPS PAPER
 THREE
PHYSICS Seminar 2

PAPER 3 SPM

Total marks is 40 marks

12 marks
PHYSICS Seminar 2

PAPER 3 SPM

the most important!

your ability to spot the
 Manipulated Variable (MV) and Responding Variable (RV)

INFERENCE
 MV affect the RV
RV depend on MV

HYPOTHESIS
the higher / larger/ bigger the MV the higher / smaller the RV

AIMS
to determine the relationship between MV and RV
PHYSICS Seminar 2

PAPER 3 SPM

VARIABLE
Manipulated Variable (MV):
Responding Variable(RV):
Constant variable: (if possible State something that can be
measure that may affect the experiment)
avoid using "type"

APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT

draw a diagram. and list the important apparatus
PHYSICS Seminar 2

PAPER 3 SPM

PROCEDURE
1. Experiment is started with MV
2. The RV is measured by (state the equation if available)
3. The experiment is repeated with _____, ______,_______,______,
(another 4 value for MV)

MV, (unit) RV, (unit)

value 1
value 2
value 3
value 4
value 5
PHYSICS Seminar 2

GRAPH

Plot a graph of RV againts MV

RV,unit

MV,unit
PHYSICS Seminar 2

GRAPH
PHYSICS Seminar 2

ticker tape

Manipulated Variable (MV)

2005(1) MRSM
Height of inclined plane, cm
2008(2) 2012(1)
Responding Variable (RV)
2010(3) 2017(3)
Acceleration, cms-1
2015(3)
Constant variable (CV)
mass of trolley, gram (g)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

ticker tape

Manipulated Variable (MV) 2005(1) MRSM

mass, gram (g) 2008(2) 2015(3)
Responding Variable (RV) 2010(3)
Acceleration, cms-1 2015(3)
Constant variable (CV)
angle of inclined plane,
PHYSICS Seminar 2

spring constant

Manipulated Variable (MV)

mass, gram (g)
Responding Variable (RV)
extension of spring, cm
Constant variable (CV)
type of spring

2007(2) MRSM
2009(3) 2016(2)
2014(2)
2016(1)
2017(3)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

Water pressure

Manipulated Variable (MV)

Depth of liquid immersion (cm)/Density 2013 (3)
Responding Variable (RV) 2017(1)
Pressure, (length of column)
Constant variable (CV) MRSM
Density of liquid 2016(3)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

Archimedes / bouyant forces

Manipulated Variable (MV)

depth of immersion/ volume of water
displace
Responding Variable (RV)
Reading spring balance / bouyant force
Constant variable (CV)
mass of cylindrical steel rod use

2008 (3) MRSM

2011 (1) 2015(1)
2012 (2) 2017(2)
2014 (3)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

heat capacity

Manipulated Variable (MV)

power supply (energy)/mass of water 2007 (4)
Responding Variable (RV)
temperature rise MRSM
Constant variable (CV) 2011(1)
volume of water/ heating time 2012(3)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

gas law- Pressure or charles law

Manipulated Variable (MV)

temperature 2005 (3) MRSM
Responding Variable (RV) 2006 (1) 2014(3)
length of air column 2011 (2)
Constant variable (CV) 2012 (3)
fixed mass/ volume 2016 (3)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

refraction of light

Manipulated Variable (MV) 2007 (3)

Real depth or height of liquid, D 2013 (2)
Responding Variable (RV) 2015 (1)
apparent depth
Constant variable (CV) MRSM
type of liquid/ density of liquid 2014(2)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

Lens

Manipulated Variable (MV) 2011 (3)

Distance of object, u 2015 (2)
Responding Variable (RV)
height of image MRSM
Constant variable (CV) 2011(3)
focal length of lens
PHYSICS Seminar 2

interference water- ripple tank

Manipulated Variable (MV)

Distance between two vibrator
Responding Variable (RV)
Distance between two consecutive
nodes line
Constant variable (CV)
Distance between sources and the
position where x is measure

2006 (4)
2009 (2)
2011 (4)
PHYSICS Seminar 2

interference light - young double slit 

2010 (2)
2012 (1)

Manipulated Variable (MV)

Distance between two slits,a
Responding Variable (RV)
Distance between two consecutive bright fringes
Constant variable (CV)
Distance of screen from double slit,D
PHYSICS Seminar 2

electricity -Ohm law

2006 (2)
2014 (1)
2017(4)

MRSM
2017(1)
Manipulated Variable (MV)
Current,I ,Ammeter reading (control by rheostat)
Responding Variable (RV)
Voltage,V.voltmeter reading
Constant variable (CV)
length of constantan wire
PHYSICS Seminar 2

Resistance

2005 (2)
2007 (1) length
2012 (4)
2015 (4)
2017(2) length

MRSM
2011(4)
Manipulated Variable (MV) 2014(4) Length
Length of constant wire / diameter of wire
Responding Variable (RV)
Resistance of wire
Constant variable (CV)
material,/ diameter of wire /l ength of constantan wire
PHYSICS Seminar 2

electromagnet

2010 (4)
2014 (4)

MRSM
2013(4)
2015(4)
2016(4)

Manipulated Variable (MV)

Number of turn / magnitude of current(control by rheostat)
Responding Variable (RV)
number of iron nail /thumb-tack attracted
Constant variable (CV)
magnitude of current / number of turn
PHYSICS Seminar 2

induction

2005 (4)
2016 (4)

MRSM
2012(4)

Manipulated Variable (MV)

height of magnet release, / number of turn,N
Responding Variable (RV)
Reading of galvanometer,(microAmpere)
Constant variable (CV)
number of turn / height of magnet release
PHYSICS SEMINAR 2
PRESSURE (P)
solid liquid patmosphere Gas

P = F Force P = hρg Measured by using Barometer Measured by using Manometer

Patm
A Area of Contact
h = height/depth (m) Vacuum
Gas Gas
ρ = density (kgm-3)
76 cm h h
g = gravitational acceleration
(10ms-2)
Bigger area, Smaller area, Mercury, Hg

A P A P h
h
A
h P Why Mercury? Pgas = Patm + Pliq Pgas = Patm - Pliq
h
B

C Opaque, density (13600kgm-3) Pgas = Patm + hρg Pgas = Patm - hρg

pascal's principle Patm in Pascal

archimedes' principle
h h
In enclosed system, pressure of fluid P = hρg
(liquid/gas) is equally distributed. = (0.76m)(13600kgm-3)(10ms-2)
= 103360 Pa
F1 F2 = 1.0 x 105 Pa Buoyant force, FB is equal to weight
Water Oil displace.
Piston Altitute , Patm
A1 A2
Density Density
P1 P2
# NOT DEPEND on volume and shape of the 10N 8N
container

Hydraulic/Pneumatic System
bernoulli's principle 2N

P1 = P2 As speed of fluid
F1 = F2 V P 10N 8N
increase, the FB = Weight displace
A1 = A2
pressure decrease. Wing FB = mg

# increase in A2 area, increase in force V P V P FB = ρVg 10N 10N

2N

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PHYSICS SEMINAR 2
introduction to physics
physical quantity conversion vernier calliper
Quantity that can be measured. 10 km m Main scale
SHIFT CONV 1 9
h s
Base Quantity Derived Quantity
10 m km
Length, ℓ (m) Quantity that SHIFT CONV 2 0
s h
Mass, m (kg) produce by (x) or Vernier Calliper
Time, t (s) (÷) or both
10 cm m 10 cm2 m2 Vernier scale
Temperature, T (K) operation of base
10 x 10-2 m 10 x 10-2 x 2
m2
Current, I (A) quantity (other than
5 base quantity).
0 1 0 1 0 1

T error 0 10 0 10 0 10

G +ve zero error -ve zero error No zero error

M
10
2
-1

12
10

Actual reading = Observe reading - zero error

10
-9

k
10

10
-6

6
10

Systematic error Random error

10
-3

3
10

micrometer screw gauge

Zero error Parallax error
1
10

10

d
-1

2
10

10
-2

c Micrometer Screw Gauge

3
10

10
-3

• Change • Repeat the

6
10

m Thimble scale
10
-6

instrument experiment and

9
10

10
-9

µ • take the average

• Do experiment
12
10
-1

10
2

n with care
p Main scale

graphS 0

0
0
0
0

+ve zero error -ve zero error No zero error

Actual reading = Observe reading - zero error

Directly proportional Increasing linearly Inversely proportional Exponential
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PHYSICS SEMINAR 2
heat
heat, q specific heat capacity, c latent heat, ℓ (specific) gas law
The amount of heat/energy required by 1kg substance to: Boyle’s Law
Temperature Heat, Q
P1V1 = P2V2
Degree of hotness Energy change it temperature by 1°c without change it state from _____ to _____ at
Kelvin, K Joule, J
changing state constant temperature P V
(°c, F) Latent heat Pressure Charles’ Law
Latent heat fusion, ℓf T
°c Kelvin, K Q = mcθ vaporisation, ℓv P1 = P2 V1 = V2
T1 T2 T1 T2
(energy) = (mass) ( capacity ) ( change )
θ°c = (θ + 273) K heat specific heat temp. absorb absorb
Solid Gas
Liquid Liquid
release release Boyle’s Law
J = kg(Jkg-1°c-1)(°c)
thermal equilibrium Fix temp. of gas/constant
temp./pressure inversely
Low c = easily heatup/cooldown Q = mℓ proportional with volume.
P
High c = hardly heatup/cooldown
(energy) =
100 J 50 J heat (mass) (latent heat) P 1
# store more energy
V
20 J 50 J
Q is heat (energy) J = kg(Jkg-1) P= k
V P
V

50°c 20°c 30°c 30°c # if using immersion heater (electric) PV = k (constant)

What is quantity of heat required to change
Pt = mcθ
Heat transfer Thermal equilibrium P1V1 = P2V2
#same temperature; 2kg of water from 20°c to 30°c? 1
net heat transfer = 0 V

Thermometer Pt = mℓ Temperature change. Specific heat capacity,

Q=mcθ Pressure Charles’
Use concept of thermal equilibrium What is quantity of heat released to change Constant V, P Constant P, V
ℓ0 Temp. directly directly
2kg of water at 0°c to ice at 0°c? proportional proportional
Water to ice (liquid solid). Latent heat, with T with T
Q=mℓ
Q =mcθ P T V T
L G P = kT V = kT
ℓ 100
What is quantity of heat required to change
ℓθ Q =mℓv P1 P2 V1 V2
Q =mcθ 2kg of ice at 0°c to water at 30°c? = =
T1 T2 T1 T2
ℓθ - ℓ0 S L State change (solid liquid), temperature
Temp, θ = x 100°c # temp. must change to KELVIN!
ℓ100 - ℓ0 Q =mℓf change:
Q =mcθ P/V P/V
Q1 = mcθ
sensitive to temperature change
# mercury? Time Q2 = mℓ
heat uniformly/non-sticky QT = Q1 + Q2 T (K) T (°c)
-273°c

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PHYSICS SEMINAR 2
force & motion (1)
scalar vector
Displacement Velocity Principle Conservation of Impulsive Force
Momentum

Distance, d Displacement, s
10 10 TOTAL momentum before F = mv - mu
collision is equal to TOTAL t
-5m +5m Time Time momentum after collision.
5m 2 4 6 2 4 6 time of impact, F
left right Elastic Collision
gradient = velocity gradient = acceleration

v m1 m2 = m1 m2 Impulse
speed velocity Distance
10
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Ft = mv - mu
Distance = m Displacement = m Area A + Area B
A Inelastic Collision
Time s -1 Time s -1 Displacement
8
t Weight, W
= ms = ms
2 4 6 B m1 m2 = m1 m2
Area A - Area B
W= mg
5m 5m m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v
g = gravitational acceleration
A B A B (10ms-2)
Explosion
inertia
t = 1s t = 1s
VAB = 5ms-1 VAB = 5ms-1 (right)
m1v1 = m2v2
VBA = 5ms-1 VBA = -5ms-1 (left)
Mass , Inertia balance force unbalance force
# tendency of object to retain its state of motion.

acceleration, a ΣF = ma
newton's 1st law ΣF = 0
a= v-u
#at rest/
Uniform a, constant velocity a=?
v2 = u2 + 2as t Object will remain at state of motion unless an
f m F
external force act upon it. 5N 5N
ms-1
s = ut + 1 at2 = s
momentum, p FORCE, f F - f = ma
2 = ms-2 Fy F
p = (mass)(velocity) F = (mass)(acceleration) T T
t = 1s t = 1s
A
u = 15ms-1
B
v = 10ms-1
A
u = 10ms-1
B
v = 15ms-1
p = mv F = ma Newton’s
2 Law nd move
up m
move
down m
Fx
aAB = 10 -15 = -5ms-2 aAB = 15 -10 = 5ms-2
1 1 Newton’s 3rd Law Fx = F cos θ W W
(decelerate) (accelerate) For every action, there is
# if a = 0ms-2, the object is either at rest or at constant velocity. equal & opposite reaction Fy = F sin θ T - W = ma W - T = ma
Copyright © 2016 to Aplus Excellent Resources. All rights reserved.
PHYSICS SEMINAR 2
force & Motion (2)
work, w energy, e hooke's law
Ability to do work.

W = Force x Displacement
Principle of Conservation of Energy.
TOTAL energy is conserved.
F = kx
spring
force = ( constant )(extension)
W = Fs = Nm Epotential
F = N Factors Stiffer/Spring
k=
x m - Length
- Spring diameter
- Shorter
- Greater
10N
E = mgh E = 1 mv2 = Nm-1
- Type - Steel than Copper
- Coil diameter - Smaller
2
d = 5m h Ekinetic
W = Fs
10m 15m
W = (10)(5)
W = 50J
5m x
power, p
10N 5kg 10kg
Rate of change of work.
Rate of change of energy.
F F 10(10)
d = 5m k= = 5(10) x= = extension x=1x
x 5 k 10 x = 2x 2

P = W P = E
= 10Nm-1 = 10m
W = Fs
W = (-10)(-5) F

W = 50J
t t kA

# Work: Scalar quantity

# sometime, question ask about Work but = sJ = sJ kB
kA = stiffer/strong spring
need to use Energy formula. kA = less strong

Js-1 or Watt, W
x

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PHYSICS SEMINAR 2
light
Light Convex Concave Concave Convex
= =
mirror lens mirror lens V = Virtual R = Real
U = Upright I = Inverted
Reflection Refraction D = Diminish SS = Same size
(mirror) (lenses) M = Magnified
Image DO NOT depend on position Image DEPEND on position of the
of the object object
reflection
R R R
1. Virtual 2. Upright 3. Diminish I I I
D SS M Object
Object Concave mirror Object Image
Law of Reflection Image
C F C F F F
incident
angle = reflected
angle C F F C R
I
R
I
R
I
R
I
V
U
V
U
Image
R
Convex D D SS M M M Object I

θi = θr mirror Convex lens F

SS

2F
# give wider view
Incident ray (i), reflected ray (r), and (at store, corner of road) 2F F F 2F 2F F
normal line lies on the same plane.
Image
o u

refraction
Objective
lens Photocopy Projector/ Eyepiece Magnifying
telescope Camera machine Microscope telecope glass F 2F

θi θr 2F F
θi = θr Bending of light when travel through v
n = sin i
f
different optical density. #bigger angle at TOP! u = object distance v = image distance f = focal length

Less dense to dense

sin r
Power, P = 1
60°
Plane Mirror Air
θi > θr
f in Meter P
speed of light in vacuum, c
Characteristic of image: Glass n= Diopter, D
f
bends TOWARDS speed of light in medium
1. Virtual 35°
normal where c = 3 x 108 ms-1
2. Upright
35° 1=1+1
3. Same size d
4. Laterally inverted Glass Dense to less dense n=
real depth, D D f u v
Magnification, m = v = hi
apparent depth, d
5. Same distance Air
60° θi < θr
2m 2m bends AWAY
air air
u ho
from normal
glass glass objective
c c 2 convex lenses eyepiece
lens
Refractive Index, n
θi = critical i>c
TOTAL INTERNAL
Telescope Power Power
1. NO unit!
n= 1
REFLECTION
2. Value must be MORE > 1 Microscope Power Power
Object Image sin c
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Bahasa Malaysia Kimia

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