Properties of Water and Steam 1/12

Properties of Water and Steam

Mechanical Science

SECTION C
THERMODYNAMICS and
FLUID MECHANICS

Contents Page
1.0 Useful constants 2
2.0 Steam Tables
2.1 Saturated water and steam 3-6
2.2 Superheated steam 7-9
2.3 Supercritical steam 10
3.0 p-v plot for water 11
4.0 T-s plot for water 12
Properties of Water and Steam 2/12

Useful Constants

Description Symbol Value

Acceleration due to gravity g 9.80665 m/s2
Atmospheric pressure pa 1.01325×105 N/m2 or
1.01325 bar
Density of water ρw 1000 kg/m3
Specific heat capacity of water cw 4.186 kJ/kg⋅K
Specific heat capacity of air cp 1.005 kJ/kg⋅K
(Constant pressure)
Specific heat capacity of air cv 0.718 kJ/kg⋅K
(Constant volume)
Specific gas constant for air R 0.287 kJ/kg⋅K

Notation
Description Symbol units
Pressure p bar (N/m2×105)
Temperature t °C
Specific Volume v m3/kg
Specific internal energy u kJ/kg
Specific Enthalpy h kJ/kg
Specific Entropy s kJ/kg⋅K

Subscripts
Description Subscript
A property at the critical state c
A property found on the saturated liquid line f
A property found on the saturated vapour line g
The change in a property from saturated liquid to saturated vapour fg
Pressure or temperature at a saturation state s
Properties of Water and Steam 3/12
Saturated water and steam
t p vg hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
[°C] [bar] [m3/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K]
0.01 0.006117 206.0 0.0 2500.9 2500.9 0.000 9.155 9.155
1 0.006571 192.4 4.2 2498.6 2502.7 0.015 9.114 9.129
2 0.007060 179.8 8.4 2496.2 2504.6 0.031 9.072 9.102
3 0.007581 168.0 12.6 2493.8 2506.4 0.046 9.030 9.076
4 0.008135 157.1 16.8 2491.4 2508.2 0.061 8.989 9.050

5 0.00873 147.0 21.0 2489.1 2510.1 0.076 8.948 9.025

6 0.00935 137.6 25.2 2486.7 2511.9 0.091 8.908 8.999
7 0.01002 128.9 29.4 2484.3 2513.7 0.106 8.868 8.974
8 0.01073 120.8 33.6 2481.9 2515.6 0.121 8.828 8.949
9 0.01148 113.3 37.8 2479.6 2517.4 0.136 8.788 8.924

10 0.01228 106.3 42.0 2477.2 2519.2 0.151 8.749 8.900

11 0.01313 99.8 46.2 2474.8 2521.1 0.166 8.709 8.875
12 0.01403 93.7 50.4 2472.5 2522.9 0.181 8.671 8.851
13 0.01498 88.1 54.6 2470.1 2524.7 0.195 8.632 8.827
14 0.01599 82.8 58.8 2467.7 2526.5 0.210 8.594 8.804

15 0.01706 77.9 63.0 2465.4 2528.4 0.224 8.556 8.780

16 0.01819 73.3 67.2 2463.0 2530.2 0.239 8.518 8.757
17 0.01938 69.0 71.4 2460.6 2532.0 0.253 8.480 8.734
18 0.02065 65.0 75.5 2458.3 2533.8 0.268 8.443 8.711
19 0.02198 61.3 79.7 2455.9 2535.7 0.282 8.406 8.688

20 0.02339 57.8 83.9 2453.5 2537.5 0.297 8.369 8.666

21 0.02488 54.5 88.1 2451.2 2539.3 0.311 8.333 8.644
22 0.02645 51.4 92.3 2448.8 2541.1 0.325 8.297 8.622
23 0.02811 48.6 96.5 2446.4 2542.9 0.339 8.261 8.600
24 0.02986 45.9 100.7 2444.1 2544.7 0.353 8.225 8.578

25 0.03170 43.3 104.8 2441.7 2546.5 0.367 8.189 8.557

26 0.03364 41.0 109.0 2439.3 2548.4 0.381 8.154 8.535
27 0.03568 38.8 113.2 2437.0 2550.2 0.395 8.119 8.514
28 0.03783 36.7 117.4 2434.6 2552.0 0.409 8.084 8.493
29 0.04009 34.7 121.6 2432.2 2553.8 0.423 8.050 8.472

30 0.04247 32.9 125.7 2429.8 2555.6 0.437 8.015 8.452

32 0.04759 29.5 134.1 2425.1 2559.2 0.464 7.947 8.411
34 0.05325 26.6 142.5 2420.3 2562.8 0.492 7.880 8.371
36 0.05947 23.9 150.8 2415.6 2566.4 0.519 7.813 8.332
38 0.06632 21.6 159.2 2410.8 2570.0 0.546 7.748 8.293

40 0.07384 19.5 167.5 2406.0 2573.5 0.572 7.683 8.255

42 0.08209 17.7 175.9 2401.2 2577.1 0.599 7.619 8.218
44 0.09112 16.0 184.3 2396.4 2580.7 0.625 7.556 8.181
46 0.10099 14.5 192.6 2391.6 2584.2 0.652 7.494 8.145
48 0.11176 13.2 201.0 2386.8 2587.8 0.678 7.432 8.110

50 0.12351 12.0 209.3 2382.0 2591.3 0.704 7.371 8.075

55 0.15761 9.6 230.2 2369.9 2600.1 0.768 7.222 7.990
60 0.19946 7.7 251.2 2357.7 2608.8 0.831 7.077 7.908
65 0.25041 6.2 272.1 2345.4 2617.5 0.894 6.936 7.829
70 0.31201 5.0 293.0 2333.1 2626.1 0.955 6.799 7.754

75 0.38595 4.1 314.0 2320.6 2634.6 1.016 6.665 7.681

80 0.47415 3.4 334.9 2308.1 2643.0 1.075 6.535 7.611
85 0.57867 2.8 355.9 2295.4 2651.3 1.134 6.409 7.543
90 0.70182 2.4 377.0 2282.6 2659.5 1.193 6.285 7.478
95 0.84609 2.0 398.0 2269.6 2667.6 1.250 6.165 7.415

100 1.01418 1.7 419.1 2256.5 2675.6 1.307 6.047 7.354

Properties of Water and Steam 4/12
Saturated water and steam
p ts vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
[bar] [°C] [m3/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K]
0.006113 0.00 206.1 0 2375 0 2501 2501 0.000 9.156 9.156

0.010 6.97 129.2 29 2384 29 2484 2514 0.106 8.869 8.975

0.015 13.02 87.96 55 2393 55 2470 2525 0.196 8.631 8.827
0.020 17.50 66.99 73 2399 73 2459 2533 0.261 8.462 8.723
0.025 21.08 54.24 88 2404 88 2451 2539 0.312 8.330 8.642

0.030 24.08 45.66 101 2408 101 2444 2545 0.354 8.222 8.577
0.035 26.67 39.47 112 2411 112 2438 2550 0.391 8.131 8.521
0.040 28.96 34.79 121 2415 121 2432 2554 0.422 8.051 8.473
0.045 31.01 31.13 130 2417 130 2427 2557 0.451 7.981 8.431
0.050 32.88 28.19 138 2420 138 2423 2561 0.476 7.918 8.394

0.055 34.58 25.76 145 2422 145 2419 2564 0.500 7.861 8.360
0.060 36.16 23.73 151 2424 151 2415 2567 0.521 7.808 8.329
0.065 37.63 22.01 158 2426 158 2412 2569 0.541 7.760 8.301
0.070 39.00 20.53 163 2428 163 2408 2572 0.559 7.715 8.275
0.075 40.29 19.23 169 2430 169 2405 2574 0.576 7.674 8.250

0.080 41.51 18.10 174 2431 174 2402 2576 0.593 7.635 8.227
0.085 42.66 17.10 179 2433 179 2400 2578 0.608 7.598 8.206
0.090 43.76 16.20 183 2434 183 2397 2580 0.622 7.564 8.186
0.095 44.81 15.40 188 2436 188 2394 2582 0.636 7.531 8.167
0.100 45.81 14.67 192 2437 192 2392 2584 0.649 7.500 8.149

0.120 49.42 12.36 207 2442 207 2383 2590 0.696 7.389 8.085
0.140 52.55 10.69 220 2446 220 2376 2596 0.737 7.295 8.031
0.160 55.31 9.431 232 2450 232 2369 2601 0.772 7.213 7.985
0.180 57.80 8.443 242 2453 242 2363 2605 0.803 7.140 7.944
0.200 60.06 7.648 251 2456 251 2358 2609 0.832 7.075 7.907

0.220 62.13 6.994 260 2459 260 2352 2613 0.858 7.016 7.874
0.240 64.05 6.446 268 2461 268 2348 2616 0.882 6.962 7.844
0.260 65.84 5.979 276 2464 276 2343 2619 0.904 6.913 7.817
0.280 67.52 5.578 283 2466 283 2339 2622 0.925 6.867 7.791
0.300 69.10 5.229 289 2468 289 2335 2625 0.944 6.824 7.767

0.320 70.59 4.922 295 2470 295 2332 2627 0.962 6.783 7.745
0.340 72.00 4.650 301 2471 301 2328 2630 0.979 6.745 7.725
0.360 73.35 4.407 307 2473 307 2325 2632 0.996 6.709 7.705
0.380 74.63 4.190 312 2475 312 2322 2634 1.011 6.675 7.686
0.400 75.86 3.993 318 2476 318 2318 2636 1.026 6.643 7.669

0.420 77.03 3.815 322 2478 323 2316 2638 1.040 6.612 7.652
0.440 78.17 3.652 327 2479 327 2313 2640 1.054 6.583 7.636
0.460 79.25 3.503 332 2481 332 2310 2642 1.067 6.555 7.621
0.480 80.30 3.366 336 2482 336 2307 2644 1.079 6.528 7.607
0.500 81.32 3.240 340 2483 340 2305 2645 1.091 6.502 7.593

0.550 83.71 2.964 350 2486 351 2299 2649 1.119 6.441 7.561
0.600 85.93 2.732 360 2489 360 2293 2653 1.145 6.386 7.531
0.650 87.99 2.535 368 2491 369 2288 2656 1.169 6.335 7.504
0.700 89.93 2.365 377 2494 377 2283 2659 1.192 6.287 7.479
0.750 91.76 2.217 384 2496 384 2278 2662 1.213 6.243 7.456

0.800 93.49 2.087 392 2498 392 2274 2665 1.233 6.201 7.434
0.850 95.13 1.972 398 2500 399 2269 2668 1.252 6.162 7.413
0.900 96.69 1.869 405 2502 405 2265 2670 1.269 6.125 7.394
0.950 98.18 1.777 411 2504 411 2261 2673 1.286 6.090 7.376
1.000 99.61 1.694 417 2506 417 2258 2675 1.303 6.056 7.359
Properties of Water and Steam 5/12
Saturated water and steam
p ts vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
[bar] [°C] [m3/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K]
1.0 99.6 1.694 417 2506 417 2258 2675 1.303 6.056 7.359

1.1 102.3 1.550 429 2509 429 2250 2679 1.333 5.994 7.327
1.2 104.8 1.428 439 2512 439 2244 2683 1.361 5.937 7.298
1.3 107.1 1.325 449 2514 449 2238 2687 1.387 5.884 7.271
1.4 109.3 1.237 458 2517 458 2232 2690 1.411 5.835 7.246
1.5 111.4 1.159 467 2519 467 2226 2693 1.434 5.789 7.223

1.6 113.3 1.091 475 2521 475 2221 2696 1.455 5.746 7.201
1.7 115.1 1.031 483 2523 483 2216 2699 1.475 5.706 7.181
1.8 116.9 0.9775 490 2525 491 2211 2701 1.494 5.668 7.162
1.9 118.6 0.9293 498 2527 498 2206 2704 1.513 5.631 7.144
2.0 120.2 0.8857 504 2529 505 2202 2706 1.530 5.597 7.127

2.1 121.8 0.8462 511 2531 511 2197 2708 1.547 5.564 7.111
2.2 123.3 0.8101 517 2532 518 2193 2711 1.563 5.532 7.095
2.3 124.7 0.7771 523 2534 524 2189 2713 1.578 5.502 7.080
2.4 126.1 0.7467 529 2535 530 2185 2715 1.593 5.473 7.066
2.5 127.4 0.7187 535 2537 535 2181 2717 1.607 5.445 7.052

2.6 128.7 0.6928 541 2538 541 2177 2718 1.621 5.418 7.039
2.7 130.0 0.6687 546 2539 546 2174 2720 1.634 5.392 7.027
2.8 131.2 0.6463 551 2541 551 2170 2722 1.647 5.367 7.015
2.9 132.4 0.6254 556 2542 557 2167 2723 1.660 5.343 7.003
3.0 133.5 0.6058 561 2543 561 2163 2725 1.672 5.320 6.992

3.5 138.9 0.5242 584 2548 584 2148 2732 1.727 5.213 6.940
4.0 143.6 0.4624 604 2553 605 2133 2738 1.777 5.119 6.895
4.5 147.9 0.4139 623 2557 623 2120 2743 1.821 5.035 6.856
5.0 151.8 0.3748 640 2561 640 2108 2748 1.861 4.960 6.821
5.5 155.5 0.3426 655 2564 656 2096 2752 1.897 4.891 6.789

6 158.8 0.3156 670 2567 671 2086 2756 1.931 4.828 6.759
7 165.0 0.2728 696 2572 697 2066 2763 1.992 4.715 6.707
8 170.4 0.2403 720 2576 721 2047 2768 2.046 4.616 6.662
9 175.4 0.2149 742 2580 743 2030 2773 2.094 4.527 6.621
10 179.9 0.1943 762 2583 763 2014 2777 2.138 4.447 6.585

11 184.1 0.1774 780 2585 781 1999 2781 2.179 4.373 6.552
12 188.0 0.1632 797 2588 798 1985 2784 2.216 4.305 6.522
13 191.6 0.1512 813 2590 815 1972 2786 2.251 4.242 6.494
14 195.0 0.1408 829 2592 830 1959 2789 2.284 4.184 6.468
15 198.3 0.1317 843 2593 845 1946 2791 2.315 4.128 6.443

16 201.4 0.1237 857 2595 859 1934 2793 2.344 4.076 6.420
17 204.3 0.1167 870 2596 872 1923 2795 2.371 4.027 6.398
18 207.1 0.1104 883 2597 885 1911 2796 2.398 3.980 6.378
19 209.8 0.1047 895 2598 897 1900 2797 2.423 3.935 6.358
20 212.4 0.09958 906 2599 909 1890 2798 2.447 3.892 6.339

22 217.3 0.09070 928 2601 931 1869 2800 2.492 3.812 6.304
24 221.8 0.08324 949 2602 952 1850 2802 2.534 3.737 6.271
26 226.1 0.07690 969 2603 972 1831 2802 2.574 3.667 6.241
28 230.1 0.07143 987 2603 991 1813 2803 2.611 3.602 6.213
30 233.9 0.06666 1005 2603 1008 1795 2803 2.646 3.540 6.186

32 237.5 0.06247 1022 2603 1025 1778 2803 2.679 3.482 6.160
34 240.9 0.05876 1038 2603 1042 1761 2803 2.710 3.426 6.136
36 244.2 0.05545 1053 2603 1058 1745 2802 2.740 3.373 6.113
38 247.3 0.05247 1068 2602 1073 1729 2802 2.769 3.322 6.091
40 250.4 0.04978 1082 2602 1087 1713 2801 2.797 3.273 6.070
Properties of Water and Steam 6/12
Saturated water and steam
p ts vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg
[bar] [°C] [m3/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K] [kJ/kg⋅K]
40.0 250.4 0.04978 1082 2602 1087 1713 2801 2.797 3.273 6.070

42 253.3 0.04733 1096 2601 1102 1698 2800 2.823 3.226 6.049
44 256.1 0.04510 1110 2600 1115 1683 2799 2.849 3.181 6.029
46 258.8 0.04306 1123 2599 1129 1669 2797 2.874 3.137 6.010
48 261.4 0.04118 1136 2598 1142 1654 2796 2.898 3.094 5.992
50 263.9 0.03945 1148 2597 1155 1640 2794 2.921 3.053 5.974

55 270.0 0.03564 1178 2594 1185 1605 2790 2.976 2.955 5.931
60 275.6 0.03245 1206 2590 1214 1571 2785 3.027 2.863 5.890
65 280.9 0.02973 1232 2586 1241 1538 2779 3.076 2.776 5.852
70 285.8 0.02738 1258 2581 1267 1505 2773 3.122 2.693 5.815
75 290.5 0.02533 1282 2576 1293 1473 2766 3.166 2.613 5.779

80 295.0 0.02353 1306 2570 1317 1442 2759 3.208 2.537 5.745
85 299.3 0.02193 1329 2565 1341 1410 2751 3.248 2.464 5.712
90 303.3 0.02049 1351 2558 1364 1379 2743 3.287 2.392 5.679
95 307.3 0.01920 1372 2552 1386 1348 2734 3.324 2.323 5.647
100 311.0 0.01803 1393 2545 1408 1318 2725 3.360 2.256 5.616

105 314.6 0.01697 1414 2538 1429 1287 2716 3.396 2.189 5.585
110 318.1 0.01599 1434 2530 1450 1256 2706 3.430 2.125 5.555
115 321.4 0.01510 1454 2523 1471 1225 2696 3.464 2.061 5.524
120 324.7 0.01427 1473 2514 1491 1194 2686 3.496 1.998 5.494
125 327.8 0.01350 1492 2506 1511 1163 2674 3.529 1.935 5.464

130 330.9 0.01279 1511 2497 1531 1131 2663 3.561 1.873 5.434
135 333.8 0.01212 1530 2487 1551 1100 2651 3.592 1.812 5.404
140 336.7 0.01149 1548 2477 1571 1067 2638 3.623 1.750 5.373
145 339.5 0.01090 1567 2467 1591 1034 2625 3.654 1.688 5.342
150 342.2 0.01034 1585 2456 1610 1001 2611 3.684 1.626 5.311

155 344.8 0.00981 1604 2444 1630 966 2596 3.715 1.564 5.279
160 347.4 0.00931 1622 2432 1650 931 2581 3.746 1.501 5.246
165 349.9 0.00883 1641 2419 1670 895 2565 3.776 1.436 5.213
170 352.3 0.00837 1660 2405 1690 857 2547 3.808 1.371 5.179
175 354.7 0.00793 1679 2390 1711 818 2529 3.839 1.303 5.143

180 357.0 0.00750 1699 2375 1732 778 2510 3.872 1.234 5.106
185 359.3 0.00708 1719 2357 1754 734 2488 3.905 1.161 5.066
190 361.5 0.00667 1740 2339 1777 689 2465 3.940 1.085 5.025
195 363.6 0.00627 1763 2318 1801 639 2440 3.976 1.003 4.980
200 365.7 0.00586 1786 2294 1827 584 2411 4.015 0.915 4.930

202 366.6 0.00569 1796 2284 1838 561 2399 4.032 0.876 4.908
204 367.4 0.00552 1807 2273 1850 535 2385 4.050 0.836 4.886
206 368.2 0.00535 1818 2261 1862 509 2371 4.068 0.793 4.861
208 369.0 0.00517 1830 2247 1875 480 2355 4.088 0.747 4.835
210 369.8 0.00499 1843 2233 1889 448 2338 4.109 0.697 4.806

212 370.6 0.00479 1857 2216 1905 413 2318 4.133 0.641 4.774
214 371.4 0.00458 1873 2197 1923 372 2295 4.160 0.578 4.738
216 372.2 0.00434 1892 2174 1944 324 2268 4.192 0.501 4.693
218 372.9 0.00404 1917 2142 1972 259 2231 4.234 0.400 4.635
220 373.7 0.00358 1961 2086 2022 142 2164 4.311 0.220 4.531

221.2 374.15 0.00317 2014 2014 2084 0 2084 4.406 0.000 4.406
Properties of Water and Steam 7/12
Superheated steam
p/[bar] t 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500
(ts/[C]) [°C]
v
0 u 2446 2516 2588 2662 2736 2812 2969 3133
(0) h 2595 2689 2784 2880 2978 3077 3280 3490
s

vg 206.1 v 243.9 281.7 319.5 357.2 395.0 432.7 508.2 583.7

0.006113 ug 2375 u 2445 2516 2588 2662 2736 2812 2969 3133
(0.01) hg 2501 h 2595 2689 2784 2880 2978 3077 3280 3490
sg 9.156 s 9.470 9.741 9.980 10.195 10.392 10.573 10.899 11.190

vg 129.2 v 149.1 172.2 195.3 218.4 241.4 264.5 310.7 356.8

0.01 ug 2384 u 2445 2516 2588 2662 2736 2812 2969 3133
(7.0) hg 2514 h 2594 2689 2784 2880 2978 3077 3280 3490
sg 8.975 s 9.243 9.514 9.753 9.968 10.165 10.346 10.672 10.962

vg 28.19 v 29.78 34.42 39.04 43.66 48.28 52.90 62.13 71.36

0.05 ug 2420 u 2444 2516 2588 2662 2736 2812 2969 3133
(32.9) hg 2561 h 2593 2688 2783 2880 2978 3077 3280 3490
sg 8.394 s 8.498 8.770 9.010 9.225 9.422 9.603 9.929 10.220

vg 14.67 v 14.87 17.20 19.51 21.83 24.14 26.45 31.06 35.68

0.1 ug 2437 u 2443 2515 2588 2661 2736 2812 2969 3133
(45.8) hg 2584 h 2592 2687 2783 2880 2977 3077 3280 3490
sg 8.149 s 8.174 8.449 8.689 8.905 9.101 9.283 9.609 9.900

vg 3.240 v 3.419 3.890 4.356 4.821 5.284 6.209 7.134

0.5 ug 2483 u 2511 2586 2660 2735 2812 2969 3133
(81.3) hg 2645 h 2682 2780 2878 2976 3076 3279 3489
sg 7.593 s 7.695 7.941 8.159 8.357 8.539 8.866 9.156

vg 2.217 v 2.270 2.588 2.900 3.211 3.521 4.138 4.755

0.75 ug 2496 u 2509 2584 2659 2735 2811 2969 3132
(91.8) hg 2662 h 2679 2778 2877 2975 3075 3279 3489
sg 7.456 s 7.501 7.751 7.970 8.169 8.351 8.678 8.969

vg 1.694 v 1.696 1.937 2.172 2.406 2.639 3.103 3.566

1 ug 2506 u 2506 2583 2658 2734 2811 2968 3132
(99.6) hg 2675 h 2676 2777 2875 2975 3075 3279 3489
sg 7.359 s 7.361 7.615 7.836 8.035 8.217 8.545 8.836

vg 1.673 v 1.911 2.144 2.375 2.604 3.062 3.519

1.01325 ug 2506 u 2583 2658 2734 2811 2968 3132
(100.0) hg 2676 h 2776 2875 2974 3075 3279 3489
sg 7.354 s 7.608 7.829 8.028 8.211 8.539 8.830

vg 1.159 v 1.286 1.445 1.601 1.757 2.067 2.376

1.5 ug 2519 u 2580 2656 2733 2810 2968 3132
(111.4) hg 2693 h 2773 2873 2973 3073 3278 3488
sg 7.223 s 7.421 7.645 7.845 8.028 8.357 8.648

vg 0.886 v 0.960 1.081 1.199 1.316 1.549 1.781

2 ug 2529 u 2577 2655 2731 2809 2967 3131
(120.2) hg 2706 h 2769 2871 2971 3072 3277 3488
sg 7.127 s 7.281 7.508 7.710 7.894 8.223 8.515

vg 0.606 v 0.634 0.716 0.796 0.875 1.032 1.187

3 ug 2543 u 2571 2651 2729 2807 2966 3131
(133.5) hg 2725 h 2761 2866 2968 3070 3275 3487
sg 6.992 s 7.079 7.313 7.518 7.704 8.035 8.327

vg 0.462 v [m3/kg] 0.471 0.534 0.595 0.655 0.773 0.889

4 ug 2553 u [kJ/kg] 2564 2647 2726 2805 2965 3130
(143.6) hg 2738 h [kJ/kg] 2753 2861 2965 3067 3274 3485
sg 6.895 s [kJ/kg⋅K] 6.930 7.172 7.380 7.568 7.900 8.193
Properties of Water and Steam 8/12
Superheated steam
p/[bar] t 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600
(ts/[C]) [°C]
vg 0.3748 v 0.4250 0.4744 0.5226 0.5701 0.6173 0.6642 0.7109 0.8041
5 ug 2561 u 2643 2724 2803 2883 2964 3046 3129 3300
(151.8) hg 2748 h 2856 2961 3065 3168 3272 3378 3484 3702
sg 6.821 s 7.061 7.273 7.461 7.635 7.795 7.946 8.089 8.354

vg 0.3156 v 0.3521 0.3939 0.4344 0.4743 0.5137 0.5530 0.5920 0.6698

6 ug 2567 u 2639 2721 2801 2882 2962 3045 3128 3300
(158.8) hg 2756 h 2851 2958 3062 3166 3271 3376 3483 3702
sg 6.759 s 6.968 7.183 7.374 7.548 7.710 7.861 8.004 8.269

vg 0.2728 v 0.3000 0.3364 0.3714 0.4058 0.4398 0.4735 0.5070 0.5738

7 ug 2572 u 2635 2719 2800 2880 2961 3044 3127 3299
(165.0) hg 2763 h 2845 2954 3060 3164 3269 3375 3482 3701
sg 6.707 s 6.888 7.107 7.300 7.475 7.637 7.788 7.932 8.198

vg 0.2403 v 0.2609 0.2932 0.3242 0.3544 0.3843 0.4139 0.4433 0.5019

8 ug 2576 u 2631 2716 2798 2879 2960 3043 3127 3299
(170.4) hg 2768 h 2840 2951 3057 3162 3268 3374 3481 3700
sg 6.662 s 6.818 7.040 7.235 7.411 7.573 7.725 7.869 8.135

vg 0.2149 v 0.2304 0.2596 0.2874 0.3145 0.3411 0.3675 0.3938 0.4459

9 ug 2580 u 2627 2713 2796 2877 2959 3042 3126 3298
(175.4) hg 2773 h 2834 2947 3054 3160 3266 3372 3480 3699
sg 6.621 s 6.754 6.981 7.177 7.354 7.517 7.670 7.814 8.080

vg 0.1943 v 0.2060 0.2327 0.2580 0.2825 0.3066 0.3304 0.3541 0.4011

10 ug 2583 u 2622 2710 2794 2876 2958 3041 3125 3297
(179.9) hg 2777 h 2828 2943 3052 3158 3264 3371 3479 3699
sg 6.585 s 6.695 6.927 7.125 7.303 7.467 7.620 7.764 8.031

vg 0.1317 v 0.1324 0.1520 0.1697 0.1866 0.2030 0.2192 0.2352 0.2668

15 ug 2593 u 2597 2696 2784 2868 2952 3036 3121 3294
(198.3) hg 2791 h 2796 2924 3038 3148 3256 3365 3474 3695
sg 6.443 s 6.454 6.711 6.920 7.104 7.271 7.426 7.572 7.840

vg 0.0996 v 0.1115 0.1255 0.1386 0.1512 0.1635 0.1757 0.1996

20 ug 2599 u 2680 2773 2860 2946 3031 3117 3291
(212.4) hg 2798 h 2903 3024 3138 3248 3358 3468 3691
sg 6.339 s 6.547 6.769 6.958 7.129 7.286 7.433 7.704

vg 0.0667 v 0.0706 0.0812 0.0906 0.0994 0.1079 0.1162 0.1324

30 ug 2603 u 2645 2751 2844 2933 3021 3108 3285
(233.9) hg 2803 h 2857 2994 3116 3232 3345 3457 3683
sg 6.186 s 6.289 6.541 6.745 6.923 7.085 7.236 7.510

vg 0.0498 v 0.0589 0.0665 0.0734 0.0800 0.0864 0.0989

40 ug 2602 u 2726 2827 2921 3011 3100 3279
(250.4) hg 2801 h 2962 3093 3214 3331 3446 3675
sg 6.070 s 6.364 6.584 6.771 6.938 7.092 7.370

vg 0.0394 v 0.0453 0.0520 0.0578 0.0633 0.0686 0.0787

50 ug 2597 u 2699 2809 2907 3000 3092 3273
(263.9) hg 2794 h 2926 3069 3197 3317 3434 3667
sg 5.974 s 6.211 6.452 6.648 6.821 6.978 7.260

vg 0.0324 v 0.0362 0.0423 0.0474 0.0522 0.0567 0.0653

60 ug 2590 u 2668 2790 2894 2990 3083 3267
(275.6) hg 2785 h 2885 3044 3178 3303 3423 3659
sg 5.890 s 6.070 6.336 6.543 6.722 6.882 7.169

vg 0.0274 v [m3/kg] 0.0295 0.0353 0.0400 0.0442 0.0482 0.0557

70 ug 2581 u [kJ/kg] 2633 2770 2879 2979 3074 3261
(285.8) hg 2773 h [kJ/kg] 2840 3017 3159 3288 3411 3651
sg 5.815 s [kJ/kg⋅K] 5.934 6.230 6.450 6.635 6.800 7.091
Properties of Water and Steam 9/12
Superheated steam
p/[bar] t 350 375 400 425 450 500 600 700
(ts/[C]) [°C]
80 vg 0.02353 v×10-2 2.998 3.225 3.435 3.632 3.820 4.177 4.846 5.483
(295.0) hg 2759 h 2988 3067 3139 3208 3273 3399 3642 3882
sg 5.745 s 6.132 6.256 6.366 6.465 6.558 6.726 7.022 7.282

90 vg 0.02049 v×10-2 2.582 2.800 2.996 3.179 3.353 3.680 4.286 4.859
(303.3) hg 2743 h 2957 3042 3119 3190 3258 3387 3634 3876
sg 5.679 s 6.038 6.172 6.287 6.392 6.487 6.660 6.960 7.223

100 vg 0.01803 v×10-2 2.244 2.456 2.644 2.816 2.978 3.281 3.838 4.359
(311.0) hg 2725 h 2924 3016 3097 3172 3242 3375 3626 3870
sg 5.616 s 5.946 6.091 6.214 6.323 6.422 6.599 6.905 7.170

110 vg 0.01599 v×10-2 1.963 2.172 2.354 2.519 2.672 2.955 3.471 3.951
(318.1) hg 2706 h 2888 2989 3075 3153 3226 3363 3617 3864
sg 5.555 s 5.854 6.013 6.144 6.258 6.361 6.543 6.853 7.121

120 vg 0.01427 v×10-2 1.722 1.933 2.111 2.269 2.415 2.683 3.165 3.611
(324.7) hg 2686 h 2848 2959 3052 3134 3210 3350 3609 3858
sg 5.494 s 5.761 5.936 6.076 6.196 6.303 6.490 6.806 7.076

130 vg 0.01279 v×10-2 1.512 1.728 1.903 2.057 2.198 2.452 2.906 3.323
(330.9) hg 2663 h 2804 2928 3028 3114 3193 3337 3601 3852
sg 5.434 s 5.664 5.860 6.010 6.137 6.247 6.440 6.761 7.034

140 vg 0.01149 v×10-2 1.323 1.549 1.724 1.875 2.010 2.255 2.684 3.076
(336.7) hg 2638 h 2753 2895 3002 3094 3176 3324 3592 3846
sg 5.373 s 5.559 5.783 5.946 6.079 6.194 6.393 6.719 6.994

150 vg 0.01034 v×10-2 1.148 1.390 1.567 1.716 1.848 2.083 2.492 2.862
(342.2) hg 2611 h 2693 2859 2976 3072 3158 3311 3583 3839
sg 5.311 s 5.443 5.705 5.882 6.023 6.143 6.348 6.680 6.958

160 vg 0.00931 v×10-2 0.977 1.248 1.428 1.576 1.705 1.932 2.324 2.675
(347.4) hg 2581 h 2617 2819 2947 3050 3140 3297 3575 3833
sg 5.246 s 5.304 5.624 5.818 5.968 6.094 6.305 6.642 6.923

170 vg 0.00837 v×10-2 1.117 1.304 1.451 1.578 1.799 2.175 2.510
(352.3) hg 2547 h 2776 2918 3027 3121 3284 3566 3827
sg 5.179 s 5.538 5.753 5.913 6.045 6.263 6.606 6.890

180 vg 0.00750 v×10-2 0.996 1.191 1.340 1.465 1.681 2.043 2.363
(357.0) hg 2510 h 2727 2886 3003 3102 3270 3557 3821
sg 5.106 s 5.446 5.688 5.859 5.997 6.222 6.572 6.858

190 vg 0.00667 v×10-2 0.881 1.089 1.239 1.364 1.575 1.925 2.231
(361.5) hg 2465 h 2670 2853 2979 3082 3256 3548 3814
sg 5.025 s 5.345 5.621 5.805 5.950 6.183 6.539 6.828
3
200 vg 0.00586 v×10-2 [m /kg] 0.768 0.995 1.148 1.272 1.479 1.818 2.113
(365.7) hg 2411 h [kJ/kg] 2605 2817 2953 3062 3241 3539 3808
sg 4.930 s [kJ/kg⋅K] 5.228 5.552 5.751 5.904 6.145 6.508 6.799

210 vg 0.00499 v×10-2 0.648 0.908 1.064 1.188 1.393 1.722 2.006
(369.8) hg 2338 h 2513 2778 2926 3041 3227 3530 3802
sg 4.806 s 5.078 5.481 5.697 5.858 6.107 6.477 6.772

220 vg 0.00358 v×10-2 0.490 0.826 0.987 1.112 1.314 1.635 1.909
(373.7) hg 2164 h 2354 2736 2898 3019 3212 3521 3795
sg 4.531 s 4.824 5.405 5.642 5.812 6.070 6.448 6.745

220.64 vc 0.00317 v×10-2 0.163 0.351 0.816 0.978 1.103 1.309 1.622 1.895
(373.9) hc 2084 h 1636 2139 2733 2896 3017 3208 3518 3792
sc 4.406 s 3.708 4.490 5.398 5.638 5.809 6.064 6.441 6.739
Properties of Water and Steam 10/12
Supercritical steam
p/[bar] t 350 375 400 425 450 500 600 700 800
(ts/[C]) [°C]
v×10-2 [m3/kg] 0.163 0.247 0.786 0.951 1.076 1.277 1.594 1.864 2.112
225 h [kJ/kg] 1634 1971 2713 2883 3008 3204 3517 3792 4056
s [kJ/kg⋅K] 3.703 4.231 5.365 5.614 5.790 6.052 6.433 6.732 6.990

v×10-2 0.160 0.198 0.600 0.789 0.918 1.114 1.414 1.664 1.892
250 h 1624 1849 2579 2805 2950 3166 3494 3776 4044
s 3.680 4.034 5.140 5.471 5.676 5.964 6.364 6.671 6.932

v×10-2 0.157 0.186 0.421 0.650 0.786 0.981 1.267 1.501 1.713
275 h 1616 1814 2384 2715 2888 3126 3470 3760 4032
s 3.661 3.973 4.832 5.317 5.560 5.879 6.299 6.614 6.879

v×10-2 0.155 0.179 0.280 0.530 0.674 0.869 1.144 1.365 1.563
300 h 1609 1792 2152 2612 2821 3085 3447 3744 4020
s 3.644 3.931 4.475 5.147 5.442 5.796 6.237 6.560 6.830

v×10-2 0.152 0.170 0.211 0.344 0.496 0.693 0.952 1.152 1.328
350 h 1598 1762 1988 2374 2671 2998 3399 3712 3996
s 3.613 3.872 4.214 4.775 5.194 5.633 6.123 6.463 6.741

v×10-2 0.149 0.164 0.191 0.254 0.369 0.562 0.809 0.993 1.152
400 h 1589 1743 1931 2199 2512 2907 3350 3679 3973
s 3.587 3.829 4.114 4.504 4.945 5.475 6.017 6.374 6.661

v×10-2 0.146 0.160 0.180 0.219 0.292 0.463 0.698 0.870 1.016
450 h 1582 1728 1898 2111 2377 2813 3301 3647 3949
s 3.564 3.794 4.050 4.361 4.736 5.321 5.918 6.293 6.589

v×10-2 0.144 0.156 0.173 0.201 0.249 0.389 0.611 0.772 0.907
500 h 1576 1717 1874 2060 2284 2723 3253 3615 3926
s 3.543 3.764 4.003 4.274 4.589 5.176 5.825 6.218 6.523

v×10-2 0.142 0.153 0.168 0.190 0.224 0.334 0.541 0.692 0.819
550 h 1571 1707 1857 2026 2223 2641 3204 3583 3903
s 3.524 3.738 3.964 4.211 4.488 5.047 5.736 6.148 6.461

v×10-2 0.141 0.150 0.163 0.182 0.208 0.295 0.483 0.627 0.746
600 h 1567 1700 1843 2002 2180 2570 3157 3551 3880
s 3.506 3.715 3.932 4.163 4.413 4.936 5.653 6.082 6.403

v×10-2 0.139 0.148 0.160 0.175 0.197 0.267 0.436 0.572 0.684
650 h 1564 1694 1832 1982 2148 2513 3111 3521 3858
s 3.490 3.694 3.903 4.122 4.355 4.843 5.574 6.019 6.349

v×10-2 0.138 0.146 0.157 0.171 0.189 0.246 0.397 0.525 0.632
700 h 1562 1688 1823 1967 2123 2466 3068 3490 3836
s 3.475 3.674 3.878 4.088 4.308 4.766 5.500 5.960 6.298

v×10-2 0.136 0.144 0.154 0.166 0.183 0.231 0.365 0.486 0.587
750 h 1559 1684 1815 1955 2104 2428 3026 3461 3814
s 3.460 3.656 3.855 4.058 4.268 4.702 5.431 5.904 6.250

v×10-2 0.135 0.143 0.152 0.163 0.177 0.219 0.338 0.452 0.548
800 h 1558 1680 1809 1944 2088 2398 2988 3433 3793
s 3.447 3.640 3.834 4.031 4.233 4.647 5.367 5.851 6.204

v×10-2 0.133 0.140 0.148 0.157 0.169 0.201 0.297 0.397 0.484
900 h 1555 1675 1799 1928 2063 2350 2921 3380 3753
s 3.421 3.609 3.797 3.985 4.175 4.559 5.254 5.753 6.118

v×10-2 0.131 0.137 0.144 0.153 0.163 0.189 0.267 0.355 0.434
1000 h 1554 1671 1791 1915 2044 2316 2865 3331 3715
s 3.398 3.581 3.764 3.945 4.127 4.490 5.158 5.664 6.040
Properties of Water and Steam 11/12

250

p-v chart for water

Critical Point

200

Superheated Region

150
Pressure [bar]

Saturated Vapour Line

100

50

Wet Vapour

Saturated Liquid line

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Specific volume [m^3/kg]
Properties of Water and Steam 12/12

400

Critical Point T-s Plot for Water

350

Superheated Region
Liquid Region

300

Saturated Liquid line

250

Saturated Vapour Line

Temperature (C)

200

Wet Vapour

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Entropy [kJ/kgK]