Script Visuals

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rW23RsUTb2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdhnCZvFTVU
Editing tells a story. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2ClSABkDp8
Editing puts a story https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB_M_gE-ZUc
together. Editing is one of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB7-fpByIIw
the most important part of
film making. Without editing
there would be no film.
Editing is a stage in a
films production when the
story is put together. It’s
an art form that they don’t I will use the b-role footage in this youtube video
want the viewer to see. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6Uh5kXXAIM
Before editing was
discovered film was a single
shot of something
interesting to the eye but
lacked narrative therefore
people didn’t believe film
had a future.

The film editor has to take

all of the footage shot and
assemble it into the movie
that the audience will see.
They determine the rhythm of
individual scenes and
decides when you see certain
camera angles. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NANN6vLfrU

The Editor works closely

with the Director. They make
the edit into the Director's
Cut, which then must be
approved by the Producers,
until they achieve picture
lock or a Fine Cut.

The very earliest filmmakers

were afraid to edit film
shots together because they
thought that connecting
together different shots of
different things from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9rAdoG05KM
different positions, would
simply confuse audiences and
they wouldn't be able to
follow their stories.

Where it all began.

The Lumiere Brothers started
it all off in 1895. They
invented cinematographe, it
was a three way machine that
recorded, captured and
projected a motion in
picture. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEQeIRLxaM4
In 1901 Edwin S. Porter
showed the industry that it
didn’t have to be a long
clip. He started to
experiment by sticking
different parts of film
together.

D.W Grithins discovered that

you can reflect emotion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ym7-QW_GWo
through different angles and
the pace of editing. He was
the first editor. He
invented specific techniques
which included introducing
narrative to film. He was
also the first man that used
the close up.

Analogue Editing -
Before digital editing they
used Analogue editing. It
involved cutting down the
film negatives and placing
them in order.
Analogue film editing was
very time-consuming, and a
short clip would have taken
months to edit. Analogue
Editors would shuffle back
and forth to the frame they
wanted to cut. Then the film
would be put into a splicer
to be cut and sealed to make
a scene. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TARpAdIjRM
Digital Editing –
Since the invention of
Computers, digital editing
and filming has taken over.
Editing with a computer is
much faster and more
efficient and much easier to
use. It is also a whole lot
cheaper and so this makes it
more available to more
people.

Before the invention of

digital editing, the film
editor would literally have
to cut up the film and piece
it back together. An editor
would take long strips of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bc7wWOmEGGY
film, cut them perfectly,
and stick them to other
strips with tape and glue,
creating rolls of film. They
would use a splicer and
thread the film on a machine
with a viewer, this was the
first sign of editing.
The Great Train Robbery by
Edwin Porter made in 1903
shows how the use of cutting
was used in early film.

At this point in time

audiences knew nothing about
film and therefore when it
came to watching this film
they were afraid when they
saw this as they thought the
train was actually coming
towards them.
It was editing that allowed
film to take off as it
allowed the film to move
between any two shots. For
example, a setting like a
train station to someone's
face, it also allows shots
to be sped up or slowed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FinhQb3jiAs
down.

According to Charles Matthau

on How Tech Has Changed Film
Making- The director
Robert Rodriguez is famous
for getting his shooting
done very quickly. He
described his process as one
long day of work, beginning
with shots and moving into
editing all within the same
day. This is an interview
with famed director Robert https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRCNjdVdYTY
Rodriguez talking to ABC13
Houston.
Compared to someone like
George Lucas, who spends
quite a bit of time and
budget in post-production. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qn5oCA8YVYs
Digital effects are created
and added to the shot within
the same program or group of
programs. This software also
allows editors to work on
entire sections of a film,
easily piecing scenes
together after the post
production effects are added
in. This interview with
George Lucas is him
discussing the history and
development of professional
digital filmmaking to the
American film institute.

There are many different

types of editing and it is
used in a way that changes a
clip to make it better or
more appealing to an
audience.
The first way is cutting,
this is a visual transition
created in editing in which
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6hCKyJruJo
one shot is instantly
replaced on screen by
another.
Another way is montage this
is when scenes have an
emotional impact, and visual
design are achieved through
the editing together with
many brief shots. The shower
scene from pyscho is an
example of montage editing.
A third way is to fade this
is a visual transition
between shots or scenes that
appears on screen as a brief
interval, with no picture.
The editor fades one shot to
black and then fades in the
next; this is often used to
indicate a change in time
and place.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2TeqpxVzhU
Sergei M. Eisenstein
This scene from Eisenstein's
Battleship Potempkin -
Odessa Steps scene is one of
the most famous scenes in
movie history.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ty5CzuJ1QA8
It was released in 1925 and
it was meant to be tribute
to the early Russian
revolutionaries and is
widely known as a
masterpiece of international
cinema. Throughout this
short clip from the film it
is clear the constant
parallel editing throughout
which shows the build up to
the pram falling down the
stairs which the audience
are almost waiting for.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ow6NB4vxCfc
Sergei Eisenstein celebrated
as a pioneer of film art
from the 1920s onwards. He
was a Soviet director and
film theorist. His films
were a change in their style
and content, as he combined
images of huge graphic force
with the editing of things
that had never been seen
before by anyone in the
industry. Eisenstein
developed Meyerhold's theory
with his own "montage of
attractions" which was a
sequence of pictures which
would have an emotional
effect on the audience and
this is what they wanted to
achieve by having the use of
montage which was invented
by Eisenstein and his
colleagues in Soviet film.

Thelma Schoonmaker is an
editor, known for The
Departed (2006), Raging Bull
(1980) and The Wolf of Wall
Street (2013). She was
previously married to
Michael Powell. She was
unable to work in Hollywood
as she was denied union and
so she ended up working for
Martin Scorsese. He then
asked her to work on Raging
Bull (1980), she again had
deny because of her lack of
union membership. However,
she believes that Al Pacino
got her into the union
eventually. To this day, she
does not know what influence
was used to gain her union
membership.

One of the most successful

edited films was Edgar
Wright’s 'Baby Driver' which
was filmed and edited very
differently to other
Hollywood films. It is
closer to the editing used
in modern music videos than
a film. This is because the
movie is heavily influenced
by the soundtrack, every
piece of action is built
around the chosen song. The
editor Paul Machliss edited
the movie whilst on set
which is different from the
usual way of editing a movie
in a studio with a full
editing deck.
Edgar Wright has unique
editing style and technique
where he does close-up
quick-cuts of action
moments. He likes cutting in
action moments to get
through a sequence and then
cut to the next scene, this
type of editing style tends
to keep the audience’s
attention throughout the
scenes and sequences,
keeping them entertained and
gets them to continue
watching.

A second very successfully

edited film was Whiplash,
Tom Cross edited this
successful Oscar awarding
musical drama alongside the
director Damien Chazelle.
At first the director saw
the film as an action film
before it changed to being a
musical drama. The musical
sequences were edited to
pre-recorded music for the
major scenes, Damien wanted
it cut at right angles with https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm2yUDiutkI
one cut answering another
cut, the editing style
represents the actors state
of mind which was feeling
nervous and false manic at
times.
The director wanted
different cutting
strategies, for example, he
wanted the music scenes to
be like fight scenes showing
violence and brutality. He
wanted the viewer to feel
the physicality of
practicing and playing, the
life or death stakes that he
remembered growing up as a
competitive jazz drummer.

One of the most successful

music videos was Peter
Gabriel's video in 1986
Sledgehammer and it was the
most played music video in
the history of MTV and also
the most awarded at the MTV
Video Music Awards. It won
awards in nine categories https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q
this was: Video of the Year,
Best Editing, Best Special
Effects, Best Art Direction,
Best Concept Video, Best
Direction in a Video, Best
Male Video, Best Overall
Performance and Most
Experimental Video. The
stop-motion effects were
created by the Aardman
Animations but specifically
in this music video the
editor was director and
editor Stephen R. Johnson.
Sledgehammer is one of the
best examples of how
important music videos had
to be to become a selling
pop star in the 1980s. The
video itself uses
Claymation, pixilation, and
stop-motion animation.
Johnson engaged with British
finest stop motion animators
to make it.