SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS)

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) is used for detecting metals and metalloids in
samples as well as the concentration of metals in the sample. It is reliable and easy to use. There
are 5 main instruments in AAS which are radiation source usually a hollow cathode lamp,
nebulizer, monochromator, detector and readout device. Each instrument have their own functions.
Hollow cathode lamp provides analytical light line for element of interest, while nebulizer will
suck up liquid sample at a controlled rate. Nebulizer also can create a fine mist to introduce into
the flame. Next, monochromator will isolate analytical lines photons passing through the flame
and scattered light of other wavelengths will be removed. Then the detector will converts the
radiant energy into an electrical signal. The signal is processed to produce readout either in analog
or digital form.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AAS

There are a few advantages of using the atomic absorption spectroscopy. Only very little
optical interference in atomic absorption as compared to emission spectrometry. This makes
calibration rather easy. Sensitivity is high enough to allow samples to be run directly in solution
without chemical concentration using reagents such as dithizone. The preparation of the sample is
simplified so chances of contamination and loss of metals can be avoided. Atomic absorption is
rapid and simple for a method of such high precision. Moreover, it is easily determined traces of
one element in presence of high concentration of other element.

There is also disadvantages of using atomic absorption spectroscopy which is only solution form
can be analyzed. In addition, only one element can be detected at one time. A different light is
required for the assurance of every component. Attempts are being made to beat this trouble by
utilizing a continuous source. There is also problems with refractory element. When comparing
with graphite furnace, atomic absorption spectroscopy is less sensitive and this equipment also
need a large quantity of sample to be analyzed.

References
Belt, C. B. (1984). Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the Analysis of Silicate Rocks for
Copper and Zinc. Economic Geology, 240-258.
Nielsen, S. S. (1998). Food Analysis Second Edition. Gaithersburg, Maryland: Aspen Publishers
Incorporation.