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Democracy in Latin America Surviving Conflict and Crisis? GEORGE PHILIP polity [11 Foees/ G4 ony 2 Gere Pp 23 on Te ip ef ope lib ei a ato of Wk a ben TERUG lat un cop Oops and Patt Fe pan 8 by Polly Pn scion wih rl ting ta oer ig Pee ‘Ganope CB URUK Meg ed prt = sickeck alias feCioly het 3 Ono OE UK i) Dondurtininevsaty — CY) 2 Base hn Sonam Sat” Minas, Usa Tayo ‘A rights eerve Bap for he gut of short passages forthe urn ofc an ete pr spain may Rpt tre inset, nme ny rm oe By nanan mechanialphtocpying cdg or ere, ‘oat he pe ermine PBN “Acstalogue rear for is bok ete om the Bei ira. iyo Coa Caton Pbon Daa Pitas PE STB Ane singe an? / rg Pin ee Trae yop weep.) an inc ut Shaoaede ume asoess ease Ln me 3 Demy latin A Cae iia en a “yp in on 1, SR tar yptr ang Kong aT BSSINIS ice tan MR tots osm, Coma Forth frmaton on Polly, vst oar webte p/w ply 8h Contents Ackonlements Aabrevionons lreroduction: Democray and ts Disontant in Latin Americs | Democratic Non-Consoiion In Latin America 2 Untlaned Preside, Weak Lier Enforcement and Pola Contstation 3 Athoraran Legacies and the Pots of Appohiment 4 Chaitans, te Miltary and Democrat Tanson in South America 5 nternationa leences and Democratic Consakéton 6 Demoeacy, Maret Reform an Development Falurs 7. The Peles of Cris inthe 1990".A Comparative Perspective 18 Chiver and the Cris inthe Panto Fo Sytem in Veretela 9 Non-Consldtion and Sen-Authorarsnisms Fujinoris Pers 10. Mexico: Techrocratie Governance snd Democratization a a 13 34 160 vs Authoritarian Legacies and the Politics of Appointment ‘Another vay in ehich we can se clear continuity benween pre ‘Semocratic and democratic Latin Ameria i n the semporimonil character o it ple adminisation- Market reform has not ely ‘hanged this ect in etain spec amas for empl where state sets have hewn privatized. Democratization did ot realy change it ther excep in a small aunber of countries (Such 2s Uruguay) that ‘id undertake serious reform of the systems of public acnonistation, Enpiraly there sno doubt that cen ptrmanat brett practices have proved very resistant fo reform. This discussion accepts the argument, pt forward by Geddes and others (Ges 1959, that thers f 3 calsiveaten problem foeing reform, because thse ho Senet fom the esting aus gu are eet voit Iie the cane that democratic consoldation requires the existence of a Weberanrule- cenforcing buresuracy (Line and Sepa 1986, p13), then the ical tins of reforming somt-ptrnonalt systems of pocal appointment bear direty upon the lane of democrat covaliaton “The reform of state agencios has become an important part of the Jnmernationa god governance’ agenda. However, ofc charged ‘with encnaging stich reforms have tended to report pesimisicly Shout their experiences. For example, Gotrey Shepherd, then a Worl bank oficial, canted in 1989 of cv service reform progremmes| that results have been satistactory inthe cose of late reforms fn particular areas, but poor it the ce of process snd ol een {Shepherd 198). Sindaety, Peer Spink (1990) quotes Garald Calder’ (0991 conclasion tht he sot npn ft aboot Lata Ame ove the ps or decdes ‘Slo estes ny ales end Uaappoiena Ply Rowers Aorta pic Peso Agama ° in he word have 0 many governments ncn Dol, inaghnate ‘orm pen achieves en patice (Caden 1, p26: Bons) Wonka enforcement sa ational problem with form attemp. For ecample in seport om adminsbatve reform on Bolivia, the ‘Wold Baal complaina tht, Wether ar sven waysto hance the inl weakness is lve pi sector cnet we find most sel tat of ‘nlrmaiy Te prion a rma xs whe hia i ‘an tp bebe ea ona’ Bhavan paler pnb instr tormal nto (avs, abderganzonal ems) (the ons band nd seal eur pers a etain, CNSTE Bak 3 pied ec Sumy) In es antiseptic words, administrative behaviour at he higher lvls ‘fgovernment not mich comseainod bylaws We hve aeady noted that indepenent aw enforcement sgenarally weak in the ein In the wesc of pal ental, the power of sppoitment and prom tion becomes even sore inant Civen the Hlathood hat poll ‘Gans and seair politically appointed burexsrats wil form symbiotic Testioashigs, a weak egal sytem makes it very difcal to deat with problems caused by patmoniaisn, "The chapler Ie nly partly aboot face of bureaucratic perfor snance I's focused mainly onthe wider sue of democratic consl- Uaton, Poor policy performance & certainly revant fo this though tere are other asp as well The ince th prospect of increas Ing returns to power, Other things being eqal one would expect eidertil power be enhuncod in case where the incumbent president had many thousands of bureacratc postions st hs dis Dosa A slate buesucray tat i composed ery lage of pollcal Eppointece and st to ile o no nopendentdacpine fom the iwi aly tobe based toward incumbents. However, the pelical ‘onseuence f such station might nevertheless bo moze ca thanone mightsuppcce, The endeney fore slate to actor he beet of incumtents might be ofset by the atcpated reaction effect tenoned in the lst chapter. nother words, poll behaviour Sind insitionsl mechanies might be adapted to lit the pala ‘onsen of state ap af IANA the emergence of hyper Prosicndaiare, The soll might bea kind of rotated Bypor Dresiteniaim instead

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