(Ser / Estar)

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE Ex.:

I was I was not / wasn’t Was I...? Where were you born?
You were You were not / weren’t Were you...? I was born in England.
He, She, It was He, She, It was not / wasn’t Was he, she, it...? Were you born in London?
We were We were not / weren’t Were we...? No, I wasn´t. I was born in
You were You were not / weren’t Were you...? Liverpool.
They were They were not / weren’t Were they...?

AFFIRMATIVE
 REGULAR VERBS
Regra Geral: Verb (bare infinitive – infinitivo sem to) + -ed
E.g.: Work Worked
Mas:
 Se o verbo acabar em e, apenas acrescentamos d ao verbo.
E.g.: Live  Lived
 Se o verbo acabar em consoante + y, retiramos o y e acrescentamos ied.
E.g.: Study  Studied
 Se o verbo acabar em vogal + y, NÃO retiramos o y e acrescentamos ed.
E.g.: Play  Played
 Se o verbo tiver apenas uma sílaba e acabar em consoante + vogal + consoante,
dobramos a última consoante e acrescentamos ed ao verbo.
E.g.: Stop  Stopped
 Se o verbo tiver mais do que uma sílaba, dobramos a última consoante, apenas se a
sílaba acentuada (tónica) for a última.
E.g.: preFER  preferred reGRET  regretted perMIT  permitted
Se a sílaba final NÃO for acentuada, não se dobra a consoante final.
E.g.: VISit  visited deVELop  developed HAPpen  happened
 Em Inglês Britânico, se o verbo acabar em l, têm – ll antes de se acrescentar -ed.
E.g.: Travel  Travelled Cancel Cancelled
Em Inglês Americano, o –l final não dobra:
E.g.: Travel  Traveled Cancel Canceled
 -Y / -X / -W no final, não dobram E.g.: Stay-ed; Fix-ed; bow-ed

 IRREGULAR VERBS
O passado dos verbos irregulars não acaba em –ed.
Não há uma regra específica, por isso, tem que se estudar a lista dos verbos irregulares
E.g.: Be Was / Were Have Had Write Wrote

NEGATIVE
Na negativa usamos a seguinte regra:
Sujeito + DIDN’T + verbo principal no Infinitivo sem to.
E.g.: She didn’t study.
Atenção:
 To Be - E.g.: She Wasn’t / They Weren’t
 To Do (como verbo principal) – E.g.: We didn’t do our homework
INTERROGATIVE
Na Interrogativa usamos a seguinte regra:
(Question-word) + verbo auxiliar DID + Sujeito + verbo principal no Infinitivo sem to
E.g.: What did they buy? They bought a new car
Did they buy a BMW? Yes, they did // No, they didn’t
Answer
Atenção:  To Be - E.g.: Where was she? / Where were they?
 To Do (as the main verb) – E.g.: What did you do last weekend?
EXERCISES
A – Complete the following text by using the verbs in brackets in the SIMPLE PAST.
Arnold Schwarznegger _______________ (be) born in Austria on 30th July, 1947. His father
_______________ (not be) a politician, he was a policeman. During his youth, Arnold
_______________ (like) body-building.
When he was 20 years old he _______________ (go) to the USA. He became a famous
actor and _______________ (make) about 20 films. He _______________ (take) a Master's
degree at the University of Wisconsin and _______________ (marry)Maria Schriver. Then they
_______________ (have) two children.
He_______________(not stop)working. He _______________ (write) four best-sellers. He
_______________(produce) a video cassette on body-building and _______________ (buy) a chain
of restaurants with Bruce Willis and Sylvester Stallone - The Planet Hollywood.

B – Answer the following questions on the text:

1- Where was Arnold Schwarznegger born?
___________________________________________________
2- Was his father a policeman?
___________________________________________________
3- How old was he when he went to the USA?
___________________________________________________
4- How many films did he make?
___________________________________________________
5- Did he take a Master's degree?
___________________________________________________
C –Ask questions for the following answers.
1- _______________________________________________?
He was born on 30th July, 1947.
2- _______________________________________________?
Yes, he did. He liked body-building.
3- _______________________________________________?
He went to the USA.
4- _______________________________________________?
The name of his wife was Maria Schriver.
5- _______________________________________________?
No, he didn't. He didn't produce a video cassette on healthy eating.
6- _______________________________________________?
Yes, he was. He was very famous.
D – Write these sentences in the NEGATIVE form.
1- Arnold was a famous actor.
___________________________________________________
2- He lived in the USA.
___________________________________________________
3- He ate healthy food.
___________________________________________________
4- He had a wife. Your Teacher,
__________________________________________________ Elisabete Ferradini