A Concise History of the 1715 Plate Fleet

By
John de Bry

With some regularity, two fleets traveled between Spain and the Americas; the Flota de
Tierra Firme from Spain to Cartagena and Panama, and the Flota de Nueva España1
toward Veracruz. Sometimes, these two fleets, or flotas, would travel together all the way
to the Caribbean. The return voyage was more dangerous. The galleons were fully loaded
with precious cargoes of gold, silver, jewelry, tobacco, spices, indigo, cochineal etc. The
crews were tired and often plagued by health problems brought on by tropical diseases,
malnutrition, and deplorable hygienic conditions on board. These conditions made ships
even more vulnerable to attacks by pirates, but the greatest danger came from an
uncontrollable element; the weather. The general weather conditions were more
favorable during the summer months. The waters of the Atlantic Ocean were calmer, and
the prevailing winds gentler. However, the very warm waters of the South Atlantic
contributed to unstable weather, and the then unpredictable rapid development of
violent and devastating tropical storms called hurricanes.

As a result of France’s Louis XIV policies of expansionism, Europe was ravaged by two
major wars, between 1688 and 17152. These wars disrupted trade between the Americas
and the Old Continent, and Spain, highly dependent on the riches of the New World to
finance her own policies of expansionism in Europe, suffered greatly. The first of these
wars, the War of the Grand Alliance, ended in 1697 with the Treaty of Ryswick3, but in
1701 another war broke out, this time over the succession of the Spanish crown. Carlos II
had died childless, but on his deathbed, had named as his heir Philippe, the grandson of
Louis XIV of France. Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor, who wanted to see his son,
Archduke Charles, ascend the throne, did not kindly receive this decision. Leopold also
wanted to prevent at all cost any close alliance between France and Spain. War broke out,
with England and the Dutch on one side, and Spain, France, Portugal, Bavaria, and Savoy
on the other.

The seas and oceans became the scene of naval battles and vicious encounters between
merchant vessels and privateers. The sea routes between Spain and the Americas were
no longer safe, and the vital flow of New World treasure was practically stopped. Things
were going badly for young Philippe V and his kingdom. In the year 1702 Spain received
a tremendous blow when a large English naval force entered Vigo Bay, on the
northwestern coast of Spain. An all-out battle ensued, with the English sinking a large
number of warships, capturing others and seizing goods and treasure. The English sank

1
Nueva España was the Spanish name for Mexico.
2
Le Petit Larousse Illustré, Larousse, Paris 2007.
3
Larousse, op. cit.

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another Spanish treasure ship in 17084, capturing another, and in 1711 another one of
Philippe’s ship was destroyed by a hurricane off the coast of Cuba. The War of Succession
came to a close in 1715 by a series of treaties known as the Peace of Utrecht 5. The treaty
between England and France confirmed Philippe V’s succession to the throne of Spain,
while Philippe renounced his rights to the French throne. England was given
Newfoundland, the island of St. Christopher, and the Hudson Bay territory. Although
the war had ended, the peace was an uneasy one, and much friction remained between
the former foes.

Toward the end of this period of hostilities, Spain was in dire need of financial relief. At
the King’s order, a fleet was dispatched to America in order to bring back urgently
needed gold and silver, which had been accumulating during the war. The eleven ships
making up the fleet assembled in Havana in the summer of 1715. The fleet was made up
of the Escuadrón de Tierra Firme, which served the South American trade routes out of
Cartagena, and of the Flota de Nueva España, which served the trade of Mexico and
Manila Galleons, out of Veracruz on the southeastern coast of present-day Mexico. The
Griffon, a French warship of the Fourth Rate6 7 under the command of Captain Antoine
d’Aire8, on an official mission in Veracruz to collect 48,801 piatres9 (pieces of eight) from
the Duke of Linares, Governor of Veracruz, money due by Royal Decree from the King
of Spain to pay for the service of two ships, the Apollon and the Triton10, was forced to sail
with the Spanish combined fleet out of Havana. Now, everyone was busy getting ready
for the long and treacherous journey back to Spain. Additional cargo was being loaded.
Inventories were taken; fresh water and victuals were placed aboard each ship. After a
two-year delay, the mighty Plate Fleet was ready to sail home to Spain11.

The Storm

The Squadron of Tierra Firme was under the command of Capitán de Mar y Guerra Don
Antonio de Echeverz y Zubiza12, and consisted of six vessels. The Capitán de Mar y Tierra
was in direct command of the capitana, the flagship, a captured English ship formerly
named the Hampton Court, laden with a great number of chests of silver coins, gold coins,

4
The San José (1708), recently discovered in deep water off Colombia, was the single richest Spanish ship ever lost,
during a naval battle between Spanish and English warships.
5
Philippe kept the crown of Spain but renounced his eligibility to the crown of France. Louis XIV gave up several
places, such as Tournai, Ypres, etc., to the United Provinces (Holland), and recognized the Protestant succession of
England, and the Elector of Brandburg as King of Russia. England received important naval bases such as Gibraltar,
Minorca, Nova Scotia, and Acadia.
6
AN, MARINE B/5/3.
7
500-ton, 69-gun frigate built in Lorient in 1705.
8
Aire, Antoine d’, French Royal Navy captain († 1738).
9
AN, MARINE B/1/1, folio 53 v.
10
Ibid.
11
The word “Plate” is derived from the Spanish “plata” for silver.
12
Don Antonio de Echeverz y Zubiza, Capitán de Mar y Tierra of the Tierra Firme fleet, the son of the richest man in
Panama (Pérez-Mallaína & Ramírez 1987:317).

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gold bars, gold dust, and jewelry, as well as tropical organic products13. The flagship of
the admiral, the almiranta, was equally richly laden. The Nuestra Señora de la Concepción
carried gold coins and gold bars, as well as a number of chests of silver coins. The frigate
Señor San Miguel, the El Ciervo (Nuestra Señora del carmen), and a patache, a smaller
merchant vessel, completed the squadron.

The five ships of the New Spain Flota were under the general command of General Don
Juan Esteban de Ubilla. Ubilla was himself on the capitana, which carried some thirteen
hundred chests containing 3,000,000 silver coins14. There were also gold coins, gold bars,
silver bars, and jewelry, as well as emeralds, pearls, and precious Kangxi Chinese export
porcelain which had been brought to Mexico by the Manila Galleons. The almiranta
carried nearly a thousand chests of silver coins, each individual chest also containing
some 3,000 coins. The refuerzo15 carried eighty-one chests of silver coins and over fifty
chests of worked silver16. Another ship, a patache17, carried some 44,000 pieces of eight.
One frigate helped complete the flotilla. The French warship Griffon, commanded by
Captain Antoine d’Aire, was forced to sail with the fleet; the Spaniards, although allied
with the French, mistrusted them and feared that word of the fleet’s departure would
leak out, thus compromising the safety of the richly laden galleons 18. Captain Antoine
d’Aire reported that the fleet’s entire cargo was estimated at 15 million silver piastres
(pieces of eight)19.

The fleet had suffered many delays, and had been sitting idle for nearly two years.
Pressure had been mounting for the fleet to sail. The Spanish crown was in dire need of
money; so were merchants, unable to make their exotic goods available for sale on the
European market. Under this tremendous pressure, Ubilla made the decision to start the
long and perilous voyage back to the Old World, even though the hurricane season had
long begun. This decision would prove to be fatal, for unknown to the Spaniards a
tremendous and exceptionally powerful hurricane was brewing to the southeast of Cuba.
The great treasure fleet of 1715 sailed from Havana harbor in the early morning of July
24th, a beautiful and calm day, with a gentle breeze to help the ships find the Florida
current which ran north and up the Straits of Florida20. Slowly and smoothly the ships of
Ubilla’s fleet gently followed the East coast of Florida, staying far enough away from the
shore to take advantage of the strong current, staying clear of the treacherous shoals and
reef formations which fringed the Florida coast. For the first five days the voyage was

13
Florida’s Golden Galleons: The Search for the 1715 Spanish Treasure Fleet, Robert F. Burgess & Carl J. Clausen,
pp. 34-35, Florida Classics Library, Port Salerno, Florida 1982.
14
Archivo General de Indias, Consulados 854.
15
A refuerzo was a military ship, strongly armed as backup for the protection of the merchant ships.
16
Plata labrada, usually silver plates, platters, chargers, candelabras, and other items made of silver.
17
A patache was smaller, fast ship, often used as a dispatch vessel to bring urgent news and orders.
18
In his 1975 book, "The Funnel of Gold", historian Mendel Peterson estimated the value of the registered cargo of
the combined fleet at 7,000,000 pieces of eight, clearly an underestimation.
19
AN, Marine B/7 101, pp. 593-594.
20
The Gulf Stream.

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uneventful with the weather remaining good and giving no indication whatsoever of the
rapidly approaching killer storm. But on July 29th, long swells started to appear, coming
from the southeast. The atmosphere became heavy with moisture with the sun shining
brightly through the haze. A gentle breeze still blew and the sea was smooth, but the
swells started to make the ship gently dip and roll. Experienced navigators, pilots, and
old hands started to be concerned. They knew that these were the early signs of an
impending tropical storm.

The storm was traveling north, almost due east of the convoy, but still many miles away.
The storm had reached alarming intensity with winds at the center of the storm now
reaching one hundred miles per hour21. By nightfall the hurricane had made a drastic
change in course, suddenly veering directly to the west. On the morning of July 30th,
along the east coast of Florida, just south of Cape Canaveral, winds had begun to pick up
and by midday had increased to well over twenty knots and the sea was rapidly building
up. By late afternoon winds had increased to over thirty knots and the waves were
reaching twenty feet. Ubilla’s fleet was relentlessly driven closer and closer to shore. The
General gave the order that all ships head into the wind in order to stay well clear of the
reef and shoals, but the attempt was marginally successful. The velocity of the wind kept
increasing, and by midnight, the ships were barely under control. Around 4 a.m. on July
31st, the hurricane struck the doomed ships with all its might, driving one ship after
another on the deadly jagged reefs. The ships broke up like wooden toys. Ubilla’s
capitana disintegrated, crushed on the reef like matchsticks. Almost all aboard were
killed, including Ubilla22. The entire fleet was lost, including those in Echeverz’s flota,
and of the some twenty five hundred persons aboard various ships, well over one
thousand perished. The only ship to survive the storm was the French warship Griffon,
Captained by Antoine d’Aire having chosen to head towards the northeast and into the
storm; arriving in Brest on the coast of Brittany on August 31st, 171523, d’Aire was
unaware of the fact that all the Spanish ships had perished24.

For those who had miraculously survived, the ordeal was just beginning. They were
stranded in an inhospitable land, infested with disease-carrying mosquitoes, rattle
snakes, wild animals, and hostile Indians, far from any settlement, without food, fresh
water, or badly needed medical supplies. When daylight came on that dreadful morning
of July 31st, 1715, the full extent of the disaster could then be seen. The beaches of La
Florida were littered with wreckage and bodies, and the survivors of this human tragedy
were trying to comprehend what had happened to them. They were attempting to find
their actual location. As the ships had wrecked at different locations, and were separated
by sometimes several miles, it was impossible for the survivors to fully assess the extent

21
Hurricanes of the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions, 1492-1800, by José Carlos Millás, Case 13, pp. 172-173,
Academy of the Arts and Sciences of the Americas, Miami, Florida 1968.
22
Armada Española, Fernández Cesáreo Duro, Vol. VI, p. 125, Impresadores de la Real Casa, Madrid 1900.
23
AN, MARINE B/1/1.
24
AN, MARINE B/2/242.

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of the disaster. Stranded in this inhospitable land without food, water, or medical
supplies, many were dying each day, adding to the already devastating number of
casualties. Admiral Don Francisco Salmon undertook to immediately survey the extent
of the damage. After deducing that all ships had been wrecked, he decided, on August
6th, to send Nicolas de India, Ubilla’s pilot, and 18 men, in a launch toward the island of
Cuba, to give the alert, and to send a personal message to the governor, Vicente de Raja25.
It took eleven days for the small boat to reach Havana26. The alert had been given.
However at least three ships were missing, including two vessels that were lost from
sight, according to survivors, some 36 hours before the sinking of the fleet27. Among the
three was the Santa Rita y las Animas aka la Marigaleta, bought in Havana by General Juan
Esteban de Ubilla from her owner Felix de Acosta Hurtado on 15th of July 171528.

Within a few days after the arrival of the launch several ships were leaving Havana
harbor, loaded with emergency supplies, salvage equipment, government officials and
soldiers, on their way to the east coast of Florida. Salvage was to begin as soon as the
relief expedition reached the survivors camps. Success came early as salvage sloops
dragged the ocean floor for wreckage and quickly brought up chests of coins, as well as
jewelry and gold. The Havana salvage flotilla was soon joined by ships sent from St.
Augustine to help in the recovery effort. By early September such was the success of the
salvage teams that Admiral Salmon wrote the governor asking him to send 25 soldiers
and ammunition to guard the King’s treasure as well as private properties that had been
salvaged from the various shipwrecks.

25
AN, MARINE, B1/1, folios 156 verso, 157 recto.
26
AN, Marine B/2/242.
27
Ibid., folios 156 verso.
28
ANC, Protocolo Notarial de Junco, fol. 192 recto – 194 recto.

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 Figure 1. ANC, Protocolo Notarial de Junco, fol. 192 recto – 194 recto – Sale of the Marigaleta to Ubilla

By the time the weather and sea conditions had become unsuitable for continuing
salvage, in late October of the same year, over 5,000,000 pieces of eight had been
recovered along with gold and jewelry, and a great part of the King’s treasure. Although
salvage was essentially completed, efforts continued well into 1718. News of the disaster
had swept the Americas and Europe much like the news of the Market crash would some
214 years later, and privateers, pirates and looters converged toward Palmar de Ays (near
present day Sebastian, Florida) like ravenous vultures. Early in January 1716, pirate
Henry Jennings aboard his well-armed sloop, the 40-ton Barsheba, and John Wills aboard
his 35-ton Eagle, both having been commissioned by governor Hamilton of Jamaica,
attacked the Spanish salvage camp at Palmar de Ays, and detained the defenders (no
casualties were reported) while they looted the camp. They made off with some 120,000
pieces of eight and other valuables, as well as two bronze cannons and two large iron
guns. When the Spaniards abandoned the salvage camp in 1718, great treasure still

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remained on the ocean floor. Some of the wreck sites were clearly marked by portions of
the ships structures which could be observed protruding above water at low tide. For
years after the official completion of the salvage operation, merchant ships sailing these
waters would “fish” for treasure.

Little by little the sites faded from memory and the great 1715 Spanish Plate Fleet would
eventually be forgotten and left undisturbed for nearly 240 years. In 1960 the modern age
of treasure hunting was ushered in by Real Eight Corporation. Their recoveries from the
1715 fleet are told in Kip Wagner’s Pieces of Eight29.

Which Ships are Missing?

We now know that at least two ships were never found by the Spaniards, although there
may be some confusion about one ship; General Juan Estban de Ubilla’s small frigate he
bought in Havana on July 15th, 1715, the Santa Rita y Animas; and two ships believed to
have been part of Echeverz’s Tierra Firme Fleet30; the El Señor San Miguel and the French
Prize known as El Ciervo (Nuestra Señora del carmen). Two ships salvaged by the Spaniards
were never found in modern time. In the French Prize thought to be El Ciervo (Nuestra
Señora del Carmen), one of Echeverz’s son was on board as well as Captain Juan Alonso
de Figueroa, and two important passengers from Guatemala, the other people onboard
remained unknown31. It should be pointed out that there also was a Concepción in Ubilla’s
fleet, the Santissima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora de la Concepción32, which tends to confuse
historians. Treasure hunter and author Robert “Frogfoot” Weller assigned names to
known 1715 Fleet shipwrecks, but it should be emphasized that his naming of those
wrecks is not based on any physical evidence, just personal opinion and the amount of
treasure found on each wreck, not taking into consideration what was salvaged by the
Spanish, thus the names assigned to those ships cannot be seriously considered33.

The main salvage vessel operating out of Cuba was the El Principe de Asturias, and the
man in charge of the salvage operation was the Marquis Don Fernando Chacón 34. All
archival documents seem to say that all shipwrecks were from Cape Canaveral to the
south with an emphasis on Ubilla’s capitana sunk at Palmar de Ays, across from the Ays
River known today as the Sebastian River35.

As mentioned above, not a single known 1715 Fleet shipwreck has been identified
securely. Names have been attributed by treasure hunters, mostly one, based on the

29
Pieces of Eight, Kip Wagner & L.B. Taylor, Jr., Dutto 1966 & National Geographic Magazine, Drowned Galleons
Yield Spanish Gold, by Kip Wagner, Photographs by Otis Imboden, pp. 1-35, January 1965, Vol. 127, No. 1.
30
Fleet from South America
31
AGI, Consulados 855, fol. 136-137.
32
AGI, Consulados 854, fol. 1-107.
33
Sunken Treasure on Florida Reefs, Robert “Frogfoot” Weller, ISBN 0-9628359-1-9, 1987.
34
AGI, Consulados 854, fol. 975 recto to 1925.
35
Ibid.

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amount of gold, silver, jewelry, and other artifacts36. The questionable identification has
been repeated by other writers and amateur historians. The only shipwreck that can be
identified with a certain degree of accuracy is the Cabin Wreck, about two miles south of
the Sebastian Inlet. Designated by the State of Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research
(FBAR) as 8IR23, it is the first 1715 Fleet wreck discovered and salvaged by Kip Wagner
and his Real Eight Company. This tentative identification is due to three major factors;
(1) a map drafted by Bernard Romans in 1774, published in 1775, showing the Sebastian
River with a notation that “opposite this River, perished the Admiral commanding the Plate
Fleet 1715, the rest of the Fleet 14 (sic) in number. Between this & ye Bleech Yard.37” Directly
below this notation a place-name is indicated by the name “el Palmar” with small
drawings of five palm trees38. (2) numerous archival documents found in Spain and Cuba
indicate that General Don Juan Esteban de Ubilla died aboard his capitana across from
the Sebastian River, then called the Ays River39, and (3) the amount of silver coins, mostly
minted in Mexico, found on this particular shipwreck by the Real Eight Company in the
1960s, indicating a warship, in this case a capitana of the New Spain fleet.

Of the eleven ships making up the 1715 Fleet, one managed to get away, le Griffon
captained by Antoine d’Aire, all the Spanish ships sunk, but two that were salvaged by
the Spanish from 1715 to about 1718 were never found in modern times, and at least two
were lost at sea with all souls. Those lost ships are thought to be El Señor San Miguel and
the French Prize known as Nuestra Señora del Carmen, but referred to as El Ciervo, i.e. The
Stag, to avoid confusion. On El Ciervo one of Echeverz’s son was on board as well as
Captain Juan Alonso de Figueroa. We come to this conclusion based on a single document
found in Spanish archives that indicates that (1) the Señor San Miguel “le trago el mar,”
which means “the sea swallowed it,” and the “French Prize” because the document
mentions that “se decir (sic) [se dice] recorrío la misma fortuna que el registro porque no
parece,” which translates to “it is said that it encountered the same [mis]fortune as the
registro40 [Señor San Miguel] because it has not appeared.” The document further states
that “on board the Señor San Miguel known persons were Captain and Pilot Don Joseph
Corto de Melo, Don Domingo and Don Thomas Moynos, both residents of Cádiz, and
Don Joseph Tamorlan,” and aboard the French Prize (Nuestra Señora del carmen) “were
the known persons, a son of Cheves (sic) [Echeverz], Captain Don Juan Alonso de
Figueroa, two passengers from Guatemala, the rest are unknown41.” It is unlikely that
Echeverz’s Concepción can be listed as missing because the same document mentions that
this particular Concepción had one hundred thirty (130) casualties making it clear that
there were survivors and the location of the shipwreck was known. As for the Santa Rita
36
Sunken Treasure on Florida Reefs, op. cit., pp. 6,16, 24, 30, 52, 58.
37
Concise Natural History of East and West Florida and accompanying charts, Bernard Romans, New York 1775.
38
National Geographic Magazine, op. cit. p. 9.
39
Ays was also spelled Ais or Ayz.
40
A registro is a ship that has been registered to be part of the fleet, indicating that both ships were merchant
ships.
41
AGI, Consulados 855, Relación de los navíos que se perdieron en la costa de Florida. 31 de julio de 1715, folios
136 recto to 137 recto.

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aka Marigaleta, thanks to on-going research by my colleague Jorge Proctor, we have
reasons to believe that it could be the Douglass Beach Wreck south of Ft. Pierce
mistakenly identified as the Nuestra Señora de las Nieves. The fact that neither ship was
ever heard of does not mean they floundered and sank in the open sea, it simply means
that the ships might have sunk close to shore, like the other ships in the fleet, and that
there were no survivors. Following is a partial list of casualties as contemporaneously
reported by the Spanish42.

Bahama Channel, 30 July 1715

On the said day the ships finding themselves near Cape Canaveral, were hit by a very strong storm;
it lasted until the next day of St. Ignacio de Loyola, at 4 thirty in the morning when they found
themselves lost in the order which is stated.

Capitana of the Fleet: The following persons perished:

General Ubilla
Captain and Commander Miguel Barrios
Domingo Carranza, Chief Pilot (First Pilot)
Matías, Second Pilot
Carranga, Aide-de-Camp
Don Martín, Aide-de-Camp
Juan García, Secretary of General Ubilla
Don Pedro de Figueroa, Chief of Guzmán and Guzmanes
Don Lucas, Chaplain
Two holy fathers of the Society of Jesus
One Catalán monk
Master Tapia, mercenary
The general from China, Madaria
Supervisor Don Clements Lamarena and his official
Don Geronimo Ortiz de Sandoval, his servant and a Negro
Don Joseph Zuleta
The Marquis de Peñuela and a servant
Dom Joseph Delgado and a servant
Don Diego de Peralta and his servant
A nephew of the Bishop of La Puebla
Silver Master Don Antonio (undecipherable last name), a companion and two servants
Francisco de Fuentes and two servants
Don Juan Bautista Mazoni, Engineer, and his servant
Fulano Pijo, his wife and two children
A woman and her daughter from Havana
Don Pedro Orantes

42
AGI, Consulados 855, Relación de los navíos que se perdieron en la costa de Florida. 31 de julio de 1715, folios
136 recto to 137 recto.

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Don Joseph Frenlero
A passenger of the steward
Don Joseph Estrada and his servant
Don Juan de Oruña
Two passengers of los Mozos
Don Francisco de Hores
Don Francisco de Montoya
Pedro Fernández
Don Joseph de Torrado
Don Juan Valdinieso
Captain Corro, pilot of Chaves (sic)
Don Miguel Alemán
Don Miguel de Nogales
Pedro Figueroa
Don Estaban Vize, his wife and children
Don Joseph Izvaterrado
Don Juan de Umane
Don Pedro Llano
Don Francisco de Tierra
Dionisio de Corredor, traveling as a prisoner
Don Francisco, prisoner on orders of the Viceroy
Don Pedro, Lieutenant from Taniscola (sic)
Six prisoners who were to be married in Spain
Two prisoners coming from Havana
Captain Benitez, artillery gunner

Infantry:
Sergeant Juna Ubeda
Squad Chief of the Royal Squadron
27 soldiers

Seafarers
21 people

Kitchen Staff:
8 people

Almiranta of the Fleet

Don Francisco Cabezón
Don Pelayo Olaiarregui
Antonio Selendes
Don Cristobal Peláez
Don Tomas Escandón
Don Pedro de Castro y Coloma, died as he lived on earth, like and apostle

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Don Beltrán de Paula
Don Francisco del Pozo, the master of Chaves (sic)

Soto Sánchez:
15 to 20 people drowned

Urca de Lima:
35 to 40 people drowned
Although hit by a wave the ships was saved with all her treasure and much of the cargo.

The Marigalera (sic)

This [ship] also went down. And here are the ships of the fleet which were alleged to have carried
the most silver, gold, and fruits from Nueva España (Mexico) in many years

Ships of Echeverz
Capitana, 4 people drowned
Almiranta
Captain Don Juan Fernández de Ulloa and his son
Don Baltasar, the Chaplain
Quartermaster Marcos de León
Miguel, the pilot’s Aide
Sergeant Manuel Romero
Squad Leader Martín and his son
Squad Leader Felipe Moreno
Leader Berenguel
Don Francisco Biutria, notary (escribano). And a total of 120 persons died.
The Concepción: 130 persons died.

The Olandesita: Prize. Two men died.

Registro San Miguel:

The sea swallowed it; there were in it, of known people, the following:
Captain and pilot Don Joseph Corto de Melo
Don Domingo and Don Thomas Moyndes, citizens of Cádiz.
French Prize:
It is said that she encountered the same [mis]fortune as the registro because it has not appeared.
Well-known persons who went in it:
A son of Cheves (sic)
Captain Don Juan Alonso de Figueroa
2 passengers from Guatemala. The others are not known.

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 Figure 2. AGI, Consulados 855, Relación de los navíos que se perdieron en la costa de Florida. 30 de Julio de 1715,
folios 136 recto to 137 recto

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