nd

2 Week Development
Bilaminar Germ Disc

dr. Ivonike
DAY - 8
Day 8
Day 8
Blastocyst PARTIALLY embedded in endometrial stroma
Differentiation of trophoblast :
- cytotrophoblast (inner layer, mononucleated cells) mitotic
- syncytiotrophoblast (outer multinucleated zone without distict cell boundaries)
Cytotrophoblast cells divide and migrate to syncytiotrophoblast (fuse & lose membrane
cell)
Differentiation of embryoblast :
- hypoblast layer (small cuboidal cells-blastocyst cavity),
- epiblast layer (high columnar-amniotic cavity)
These layers form a flat disc, create small cavity within the epiblast.
Enlargement of the cavity = amniotic cavity
Epiblast cells adjacent to the cytotrophoblast = amnioblast; together wit the rest of the
epiblast they line the amniotic cavity.
Endometrial stroma adjacent to the implantation site is edematous and highly vascular.
Tortuous glands secrete abundant glycogen and mucus.
DAY - 9
Day 9

Blastocyst more deeply embedded in endometrium and the penetration defect in

the surface epithelium is closed by fibrin coagulum
Development progress of trophoblast: embryonic pole (appearance of vacuoles in
syncytium  fuse  trophoblastic lacunae)  LACUNAR STAGE
Flattened cells originating from hypoblast form a thin membrane: Exocoelomic /
Heuser membrane ( inner surface of cytotrophoblast )
This membrane+hypoblast => exocoelomic cavity / primitive yolk sac
DAY – 11,12
Day 11,12
Blastocyst completely embedded to endometrial stroma, epithelium surface alost entirely
covers the original defect in the uterine wall.
Slightly protrusion to uterus lumen
The trophoblast is characterized by lacunar spaces in the syncytium that form an
intercommunicating network which is particularly evident at the embryonic pole.
Syncytiotrophoblast penetrate deeper into stroma and erode the endothelial lining of the
maternal capillaries maternal sinusoid uteroplacental circulation.
New population of cells appears between inner surface of the cytotrophoblast and outer
surface of exocoelomic cavity which is derived from yolk sac cells, form a line, loose
connective tissue  extraembryonic mesoderm
Large cavities then develop in extraembryonic mesoderm and when these become confluent,
they form a new space  extraembryonic cavity/ chorionic cavity.
Extraembryonic mesoderm lining the cytotrophoblast and amnion  extraembryonic somatic
mesoderm
Lining covering the yolk sac  extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm
Bilaminar growth is slower than the trophoblast. Meanwhile, endometrium cells become
polyhedral and loaded with glycogen and lipids; intercellular space are filled with extravasate
and the tissue is edematous  decidua reaction.
DAY – 13
Day 13
Surface defect in the endometrium has healed.
Bleeding may occurs at the implantation site as result of increased blood flow into the
lacunar spaces.
Trophoblast is characterized by villous structures. Cells of the cytotrophoblast
proliferate locally and penetrate into the syncytiotrophoblast, forming cellular columns
surrounded by syncytium. Cellular columns with the syncytial covering are known as
primary villi.
Hypoblast produces additional cells that migrae along inside exocoelomic membrane
which proliferate and gradually form a new cavity within the exocoeloic cavity 
secondary yolk sac / definitive yolk sac
Definitive yolk sac is smaller than primary because during its formation, large portions
of the exocoelomic cavity are pinched off.
These portions are represented by exocoelomic cysts, oftern found in extraembryonic
coelom / chorionic cavity
Extraembryonic coelom expands  chorionic cavity
Extraembryonic mesoderm lining inside the cytotrophoblast  chorionic plate
The only place where extraembryonic mesoderm traverses the chorionic cavity is in the
connecting stalk  blood vessels  umbilical cord
Abnormal Implantation

Placenta previa
Ectopic pregnancy
Preeclampsia - Eclampsia
TERIMA KASIH