C3

Informal Sector

J. Keith Hart (Anthropologist) -> Working in Accra, Ghana, coined.

Features –
1. Low skill
2. Low wages
3. Migratory
4. Low entry barriers
Informal Sector->
1. Guardian to Poor
2. Provides employment
3. Provides uniform lifestyle

Naila Kabeer -> Informal sector not peculiar to developing countries. Vendors seen
in New York, London.
Indian Informal Sector :
1. Agriculture (Maximum)
2. Self Employed (vendors, small shops)
3. Contract Laborers
4. Household Laborers (mostly women)
5. Child labor (UNICEF -> Scorer in India)
[If No DOL -> Informal.
If beyond government’s reguln. -> Unorganised]

Globalization & Informal Sector

Sarath Dawala Report
In India -> 1991 -> 91% Is
2005 -> 94%
2014 -> 96%

Reasons why globalization is increasing Informal Sector are -

1. Increase in contract Labour.
2. Downsizing in Organised Industries (Railways, PSUs)
Bhowmik & SEWA -> These People found jobs in Informal Sector.
3. Lifestyle & Inflation made women work and most of them are
concentrated in Informal Sector
4. Increase in MSMEs.
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Ela Bhatt (SEWA):
Sees positive of Globalisation -> women getting jobs, becoming decision makers, will
attack Patriarchy, women given education now.
Therefore, Feminization of Labour happening.

Also : ->
Strect vendor’s rights now debated and being legislated.
Insurance (Pension + APY) facilities. Health facilities for unorganized. (Swasth Bima
Yojana)

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