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Climate

Ethiopia is in the tropical zone laying between the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer.
It has three different climate zones according to elevation.

Kolla (Tropical zone) - is below 1830 metres in elevation and has an average annual
temperature of about 27 degree Celsius with annual rainfall about 510 millimetres.
The Danakil Depression (Danakil Desert) is about 125 metres below sea level and
the hottest region in Ethiopia where the temperature climbs up to 50 degree Celsius.

Woina dega (Subtropical zone) - includes the highlands areas of 1830 - 2440 metres
in elevation has an average annual temperature of about 22 degree Celsius with
annual rainfall between 510 and 1530 millimetres.

Dega (Cool zone) - is above 2440 metres in elevation with an average annual
temperature of about 16 degree Celsius with annual rainfall between 1270 and 1280
millimetres.

Ethiopian Seasons

 Kiremt or Meher (Summer) - June, July and August are the summer season.
Heavy rain falls in these three months.

 Belg (Autumn) - September, October and November are the spring season
sometime known as the harvest season.

 Bega (Winter) - December, January and February are the dry season with frost
in morning specially in January.

 Tseday (Spring) - March, April and May are the autumn season with occasional
showers. May is the hottest month in Ethiopia.

 Ethiopia's climate is generally mild, in which the average temperature in the highland areas
including most of the major cities like Addis Ababa is below 20°C (68°F) and exceeding 30°C
(85°F) in lowlands like the Dallol (Danakil) Depression.

 Ethiopia generally has a tropical climate. One of the influences of Ethiopia's climate and
weather is the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which
affects the rainfall patterns in Ethiopia, east Africa.
 Climatic Zones of Ethiopia

 In effect to the ITCZ, Ethiopia is classified into three climatic zones (rainfall regimes) which
have two, three and four seasons in a year.

 Two Seasons Zone

 This zone includes the western half of Ethiopia and has two distinct seasons with a rainy
season (June - September) and a dry season (November - February).

 Three Seasons Zone

 This area consists of the central (including Addis Ababa) and most of the eastern part of
Ethiopia with two rainy seasons known as Kiremt (June - September), the main rainy season,
and Belg (February - May), delivering small rains and one dry season called Bega (October -
January).

 Four Seasons Zone

 This comprises of the south and southeastern part of Ethiopia with two rainy seasons (very
rainy-March - June and small rains-September - November) and two distinct dry seasons
(July - August and December - February).

 Seasons in Ethiopia

 According to the Ethiopian National Meteorological Services Agency (NMSA) Ethiopia has
three seasons based on the average trends of the weather and rainfall.

 Kiremt (Summer): mid-June, July, August, mid-September are the months in the Kiremt
season. Long and heavy rainfall occurs during these months.

 Bega (Winter): October, November, December and January are the Bega season. This is the
dry season.

 Belg: February, March, April, May are the months in the Belg season. Short and moderate
rainfall occurs during these months.

 Microclimatic Zones of Ethiopia


 In addition to the ITCZ another one of the influences of Ethiopia's climate and weather is
altitude (as altitude increases temperature decreases) which creates rainfall variation within
Ethiopia causing different microclimates. The four microclimatic zones of Ethiopia are the
Kola, Weina-Dega, Dega and Bereha.

 Bereha

 This covers the desert lowland areas in the peripheral parts of Ethiopia which is occupied by
nomads. These areas are located at an elevation below 500 meters (about 1640 feet) and
with average annual temperature exceeding 28°C (82°F).

 Kola

 This consists of lowland areas with elevation of 500-1500 metres (about 1640-4920 feet).
This is a hot zone with annual average temperature of 20-28°C (68-82°F) and annual rainfall
of about 500 millimetres. This area consists of the Danakil Depression (about 125 metres
below sea level and with average temperature of about 34°C or about 93°F), the valleys of
the Blue Nile (Abay in Amharic) and the Tekezé rivers.

 Weina-Dega

 This includes highland areas where the elevation is 1500-2440 metres (about 4920-8000
feet). This is a temperate zone with annual average temperature of 16-20°C (61-68°F) and
annual rainfall of about 500-1520 millimetres. Most of Ethiopia's major cities including Addis
Ababa, Gondar and Axum are located at elevetions of about 2000-2400 metres (about 6560-
8200 feet) above sea level.

 Dega

 This constitutes of areas where the elevation is above 2440 metres. This is a cool zone with
annual average temperature of 11-16°C (52-61°F) and annual rainfall of about 1270-1280
millimetres. This area consists of the central parts of the western and eastern sections of the
northwestern mountainous area and a small portion of the area around Harar.

 Best Time to Visit Ethiopia or When to Go

 The best time to visit Ethiopia would perhaps be during the dry season. Generally the
heaviest rains occur from mid-June to mid-September and the rest of the year is dry with
some months of small rain. But, the climate varies across the different parts of Ethiopia, so
read the following topics in this article to understand the specific conditions that pertain to a
certain region. The best time to visit the Dallol (Danakil) Depression is probably from
November up to February, which is relatively cooler than the rest of the months that
experience highly hot temperatures.

 Visiting Ethiopia during the Christian Orthodox festivals would lend for an unforgettable
experience. The most famous ones are Maskal (September 27 G.C.) and Timkat (Ethiopian
Epiphany, January 19 G.C.).

 In Ethiopia, the climate varies with altitude, going from the hot and arid climate
of the lowlands, to the cool climate of the plateau. Lying just north of the
Equator, the country experiences little variation in temperature throughout the
year.
The rains are caused by the southwest monsoon, which affects the country from
June to September (the rainy season is called Kiremt), but it only affects some
areas, namely the plateau and the mountain slopes exposed to the south-west,
while in the south-east of the country there are two rainy periods, though less
intense, usually from March to May and from October to November; in the latter
area in some years the rains don't occur at all, causing droughts.

 1- PLATEAU

In the Ethiopian Plateau (zone 1 on the map), the weather is cool, mild or
pleasantly warm, depending on the altitude, with a season characterized by
scarce rains from November to February, and a rainy season from June to
September, preceded by a period, from March to May, when some showers and
thunderstorms may occur in the afternoon. The annual rainfall ranges from
1,000 to 2,200 millimetres (40 to 87 inches). The rains occur as downpour or
thunderstorm, usually in the afternoon or in the evening, even during the
monsoon season, when, however, cloudiness is more widespread.
The capital Addis Ababa is located at 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) above sea level,
though the altitude in the different districts of the city varies from 2,100 to 2,700
metres (7,000 to 9,000 ft), and has a mild climate, with cool nights, even cold
from November to February, when lows drop below 10 °C (50 °F), and pleasantly
warm days, around 23/25 °C (73/77 °F), except in July and August, at the height
of the rainy season, when highs drop to about 20 °C (68 °F). The period from
March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit of a
few degrees.
Here are the average temperatures.
Average temperatures - Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Min (°C) 8 9 10 11 11 10 10 10 10 9 7 7
Max (°C) 24 24 25 24 25 23 21 21 22 23 23 23
Min (°F) 46 48 50 52 52 50 50 50 50 48 45 45
Max (°F) 75 75 77 75 77 73 70 70 72 73 73 73

Throughout the year, 1,200 mm (49 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to
September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. From November to
February, there is little rain, and rare showers occur, while from March to May,
afternoon showers become a bit more frequent, occurring for 6/7 days per
month. The sunshine amount in Addis Ababa, from November to March is good,
and just acceptable in July and August, when rainfall occurs one day out of two.
Here is the average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Prec. (mm) 16 45 70 85 95 135 280 295 190 25 15 6 1257
Prec.(in) 0.6 1.8 2.8 3.3 3.7 5.3 11 11.6 7.5 1 0.6 0.2 49.5
Days 4 4 5 7 7 11 14 16 13 3 1 2 87

The other cities on the plateau have a climate similar to that of Addis Ababa, with
variations related to altitude and position. The rainiest part of the plateau is the
western one: in Gore, 2,100 mm (83 in) of rain per year fall, and it rains a lot
from April to October included. In Gondar, located in the north-west at an
altitude of 2,000 metres (6,500 feet), the temperature is slightly higher than in
Addis Ababa, and rainfall amounts to 1,100 mm (43 in) per year, distributed the
same way as in the capital. In Bahir Dar, at 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) above sea
level, 1,400 mm (55 in) of rain fall, of which even 430 mm (17 in) in July; here
rainfall is enhanced by the waters of Lake Tana, from which the Blue Nile
originates; the river gives rise to spectacular waterfalls near Tissisat.
Jimma (or Jima) is located at 1,700 metres (5,600 feet) above sea level in the
south-west, where the rainfall amounts to 1,500 mm (60 in) per year, of which
more than 100 mm (4 in) per month from April to September. Here is the
average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Jimma
Jimma Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Prec. (mm) 40 50 80 180 150 220 230 210 190 85 40 35 1510
Prec.(in) 1.6 2 3.1 7.1 5.9 8.7 9.1 8.3 7.5 3.3 1.6 1.4 59.4
Days 4 5 7 9 10 12 11 14 12 6 4 3 97

Due to the lower altitude, the temperatures in Jimma are higher than in the
capital, but they are still pleasant. Here are the average temperatures.
Average temperatures - Jimma
Jimma Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Min (°C) 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12
Max (°C) 27 28 28 27 27 25 24 24 25 26 27 27
Min (°F) 54 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54 54 54
Max (°F) 81 82 82 81 81 77 75 75 77 79 81 81

Harar (Harer) is located in the east, at the edge of the plateau, at no great
distance from Dire Dawa (see below), but it is cooler because it is located at 1,850
metres (6,070 feet) above sea level, besides it's located on the other side. Here,
860 mm (34 in) of rain per year fall, with a rainy period from April to September,
in which precipitation goes from 100 to 140 mm (4 to 5.5 in) per month.

 2- ARID REGIONS

In the arid or semiarid areas surrounding the Ethiopian plateau (zone 2 on the
map), the rainfall amount drops below 800 mm (31.5 in) per year; these areas are
generally located at a lower altitude than the plateau, with a few exceptions such
as Mek'ele (or Makale), located at 2,000 metres (6,500 feet) of altitude in the
north (Tigray region): here 700 mm (27.5 in) of rain per year fall, with only two
very rainy months, July and August. Despite the altitude, here from April to June
it can be a little hot, with highs about 27/28 °C (81/82 °F).
However, the heat is intense especially below 1,000 metres (3,300 feet), and in
particular in the dry period.
The narrow strip west of the plateau, receives the south-west monsoon, but here
its effects are less pronounced. In this region the heat is intense in the dry season,
from October to mid-May, with a peak between April and early May, when the
temperatures reach normally 40 °C (104 °F), then the rains come and the
temperature drops a bit, so it's difficult to find a good period to visit this area. In
addition, the basins of the rivers Baro and Sobat, on the border with South
Sudan, are marshy and unhealthy.
In the far south, in the area of Lake Turkana, and in the south-east (see
Moyale), a scorching heat dominates throughout the year, with irregular rains,
concentrated in two periods: from March to May and from October to November.
Here, unlike in the rest of the country, the best time (or the least bad...) is from
June to August, because it is, albeit slightly, the least hot. The Somali Region
(Ogaden), in the south-east, is hot and semi-desert as well. Here are the average
temperatures of Gode, located in the region of Ogaden.
Average temperatures - Gode
Gode Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Min (°C) 21 21 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 21 20
Max (°C) 35 37 37 36 35 34 33 34 36 35 35 35
Min (°F) 70 70 73 75 73 73 73 73 73 73 70 68
Max (°F) 95 99 99 97 95 93 91 93 97 95 95 95

Here the rains do not reach 250 millimetres (10 inches) per year, and are
concentrated in two rainy seasons, April-May and October-November. Here is the
average rainfall.
Average precipitation - Gode
Gode Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Prec. (mm) 0 2 10 75 35 2 1 5 15 70 25 2 245
Prec.(in) 0 0.1 0.4 3 1.4 0.1 0 0.2 0.6 2.8 1 0.1 9.6
Days 0 0 1 5 4 0 0 1 2 6 3 1 23

In the east, we find Dire Dawa, located at 1,200 metres (3,900 feet), on the
north slope, overlooking the torrid zone: here it's hot for most of the year, with a
maximum in June, when highs of 35 °C (95 °F) are normal, while in winter it's
warm during the day, but nights are quite cool. Here are the average
temperatures.
Average temperatures - Dire Dawa
Dire Dawa Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Min (°C) 15 15 18 19 20 21 18 17 18 17 15 16
Max (°C) 28 29 31 32 33 35 32 31 32 33 31 28
Min (°F) 59 59 64 66 68 70 64 63 64 63 59 61
Max (°F) 82 84 88 90 91 95 90 88 90 91 88 82

Here, 670 mm (26.5 in) of rain per year fall, with two relatively rainy periods,
from March to May and July to September, and two dry periods, from October to
February and in June. Here is the average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Dire Dawa
Dire Dawa Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Prec. (mm) 20 35 70 105 60 30 95 130 75 30 15 10 670
Prec.(in) 0.8 1.4 2.8 4.1 2.4 1.2 3.7 5.1 3 1.2 0.6 0.4 26.4
Days 2 2 3 5 6 4 6 8 6 4 3 1 50

 3- DANAKIL

In northern Ethiopia, in the Afar Region (zone 3 on the map), the climate is
desert and hot throughout the year. In particular, in the Danakil Depression,
where some salt lakes such as Lake Afrera are found, the climate is particularly
hot, also because of the low altitude, which drops to 125 metres (410 feet) below
sea level; here a stable and overwhelming heat reigns throughout the year. The
abandoned settlement of Dallol, in the far north, is considered the hottest place
in the world on average, with a daily temperature of 35 °C (95 °F) all year
round: lows are around 30 °C (86 °F) and highs around 40 °C (104 °F), Or at
least these are the data reported at that time. On the slopes of the volcano Erta
Ale, the dark basalt rock absorbs the sun's rays and heats up particularly, thus
creating a hellish environment.
 4- MOUNTAINS

From the Ethiopian Plateau, several mountain peaks rise, including Ras
Dashen, the highest of the country with its 4,550 metres (14,928 feet), Abuna
Yosef, 4,260 mt (13,976 ft), Tullu Deemtu, 4,389 mt (14,400 ft), and Batu, 4,307
mt (14,131 ft), the last two in the Bale Mountains. In the Bale Mountains, several
interesting ecosystems are found: up to 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) we find the
forest, replaced at higher altitudes by a barren mountain vegetation, able to
withstand the cold of the night, while over 4,000 mt (13,000 ft), the constant cold
prevents the growth of almost all kind of vegetation, so that there's a cold desert.
On the contrary, Ras Dashen in the north and Abuna Yosef in the east, are located
in the semi-arid area.

 WHEN TO GO

The best time to visit Ethiopia goes from November to February, being the
driest and coolest almost everywhere. In the arid areas, at low altitude this is still
a hot period, with torrid days, but usually with pretty cool nights. The worst
months are July and August, due to rainfall on the plateau, and April and May
because of the heat in the semi-arid areas, while the Danakil Depression is
steadily torrid and inhospitable throughout the year.

 WHAT TO PACK

In winter: in the regions of Danakil and Afar and in the south-east, loose fitting,
light-coloured clothing, light and long shirt and pants of natural fibres (cotton,
linen), desert turban, hiking shoes, sweatshirt for the evening at hill altitudes. In
Addis Ababa and the plateau, spring/autumn clothes, light for the day, sun hat,
jacket, sweater and hat for the evening; for high mountains, above 3,000 metres
(9,800 ft), warm clothes, warm jacket, gloves, scarf.
In summer: in the regions of Danakil and Afar and in the south-east, loose
fitting, light-coloured clothing, light and long shirt and pants of natural fibres
(cotton, linen), desert turban, hiking shoes. In Addis Ababa and the plateau,
spring/autumn clothes, jacket, raincoat and umbrella; for high mountains, above
3,000 metres (9,800 ft), warm clothes, warm jacket, gloves, scarf.

During the period from June to the end of August, Ethiopia enjoys its summer monsoon season, when rainfall is at its
heaviest and thunderstorms often occur. Whilst it is quite cloudy at this time of year, visitors can usually enjoy at least
a couple of hours of sunshine each day.

In the highland regions of Ethiopia, the climate tends to be fairly warm, with average temperatures of 25°C / 77 °F.
Lightweight clothing is recommended for the day. However, at night, temperatures can drop dramatically, so it's wise
to also pack some warm sweaters.

From October to May, Ethiopia has its dry season. This is the time of year when most visitors choose to come to
Ethiopia and hence can be classified as its 'peak season'. There is some rainy weather, although this is usually
nothing more than the odd light shower.

The period from December to February can be classified as Ethiopia's 'winter' season, when the overall climate is a
little cooler than during the rest of the year. From March to May, temperatures are on the rise again. In Addis Ababa,
May can often be the hottest month. However, nighttime temperatures do fall quickly, with average low temperatures
of around 2°C / 36°F.

Türkiyede 4 mevsim nasıl geçer ama genel olarak


istiyorum

 lperenzor
 Hırslı

Mevsimler

Yaz Mevsimi
Yaz, en sıcak mevsimdir. Kuzey Yarım Küre'de en uzun günler yazda gerçekleşir.
Dünya ısıyı depo ettiği için en sıcak günler genellikle yaklaşık iki ay sonra ortaya çıkar.
Sıcak günler Kuzey Yarım Küre'de 21 Haziran ile 22 Eylül arasında, Güney Yarım
Küre'de ise 22 Aralık ile 21 Mart arasındadır.

Sonbahar Mevsimi
Sonbahar, yaz ile kış mevsimleri arasındaki mevsimdir. Kuzey yarım kürede Eylül, Ekim
ve Kasım; güney yarım kürede ise, Mart, Nisan ve Mayıs aylarına denk gelir. Gündüzler
kısalır, geceler uzar. Güneş, erken batar. Daha az ısı ve ışık verir. Serin, yağmurlu ve
rüzgarlı günlerin sayısı artar. Kış mevsiminin habercisidir.

Kış Mevsimi
Kış, 4 mevsimden biridir. Aralık , Ocak, Şubat, aylarından oluşur. Bu mevsim
mevsimlerin en soğuğu olup hava sıcaklığı eksilere doğru düşer ve bu düşmeyle kar ve
yağmur yağışı artar. Türkiye'de kış ilk olarak Kuzey Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde
başlayarak batıya doğru ilerler.

İlkbahar Mevsimi İlkbahar veya ilkyaz, doğa döngüsünde kış ile yaz arasındaki
mevsimdir. Kuzey yarım kürede Mart ve Haziran arasıdır. İlkbaharda ağaçlar çiçek açar,
hava sıcaklığı artmaya başlar. Bu mevsimde karların erimesi ve bol miktarda yağışların
yağması ile su yatakları olan dereler, göller, göletler ve barajlar su ile dolar.

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