Bombardamentele atomice de la Hiroshima ?

i Nagasaki
De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia libera
Jump to navigationJump to search

Norul ciuperca provocat de explozia aruncarii celei de-a doua bombe atomice, [The]
Fat Man, deasupra ora?ului Nagasaki s-a ridicat la 18 km (sau 11 mi = 60,000 ft) �n
atmosfera deasupra hipocentrului.

Norul ciuperca provocat de explozia aruncarii primei bombe atomice, Little Boy,
deasupra ora?ului Hiroshima.
Bombardamentele atomice de la Hiroshima ?i Nagasaki au constat �n doua atacuri
nucleare implic�nd aruncarea a doua bombe atomice, produse de Statele Unite ale
Americii, la sf�r?itul celui de-al doilea razboi mondial, asupra a doua ora?e din
Japonia, Hiroshima ?i Nagasaki. �n timpul aruncarii celor doua bombe atomice, de?i
razboiul din Europa se terminase prin capitularea necondi?ionata a Germaniei,
Japonia ?i Statele Unite ale Americii se aflau �nca �n stare de razboi. La 6 august
1945 bomba atomica cunoscuta ca "Little Boy" a fost aruncata deasupra ora?ului
Hiroshima, iar trei zile mai t�rziu, la 9 august 1945, cea de-a doua bomba atomica,
cunoscuta ca "Fat Man", a fost detonata deasupra ora?ului Nagasaki.

Cuprins
1 Motive pentru efectuarea bombardamentelor
2 Bibliografie
2.1 Istorisiri ?i descrieri
3 Vezi ?i
Motive pentru efectuarea bombardamentelor
Cele doua arme atomice au fost arme de ?oc ?i teroare. Avantajul enorm al acestor
arme nu a fost militar (SUA dispuneau doar de c�teva) ci politic. Din punct de
vedere militar, Statele Unite ar fi c�?tigat pu?in prin distrugerea a doua ora?e
japoneze. Dar din punct de vedere civil, Japonia avea sa piarda mult. Noutatea
adusa de armele nucleare a fost nu distrugerea la scara larga (care s-ar fi putut
realiza ?i cu arme conven?ionale �n cantitatea necesara), ci faptul ca armele
nucleare comprima distrugerea catastrofica �ntr-o perioada de timp foarte scurta
schimba dramatic politica razboiului, motiva?iile oamenilor cu putere de decizie ?i
capacitatea de a reflecta �n timp ce razboiul se desfa?oara.

Bibliografie
Exista o literatura extensiva dedicata subiectului, bombardarii propriu-zise,
deciziei de a utiliza bombe atomice ?i capitularii Japoniei. Sursele care sunt men?
ionate mai jos furnizeaza exemple de scrieri de valoare referitoare la acest
subiect. Datorita continuei ?i intensei dezbateri a justificarii bombardarilor,
este posibil ca unele din surse de mai jos sa con?ina puncte de vedere disputate.

Hein, Laura and Selden, Mark (Editors) (1997). Living with the Bomb: American and
Japanese Cultural Conflicts in the Nuclear Age. M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 1-56324-967-9.
Sherwin, Martin J. (2003). A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and its Legacies. Stanford
University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3957-9.
Newman, Robert (2004). Enola Gay and the Court of History (Frontiers in Political
Communication). Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 0-8204-7457-6.
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1963). The White House Years; Mandate For Change: 1953-1956.
Doubleday & Company.
Craven, Wesley Frank (1946). �United States Strategic Bombing Survey; Summary
Report (Pacific War)�. The Army Air Forces in World War II. U.S. Government
Printing Office. Citare cu parametru depa?it |coauthors= (ajutor)
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, official homepage.
Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, official homepage.
Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims
Hiroshima - 64 de ani de la cel mai mare cosmar al omenirii.
�Tale of Two Cities: The Story of Hiroshima and Nagasaki�.
�Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb�. The Harry S. Truman Library.
�The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki�. Manhattan Project, U.S. Army.
1946.
Burr, William (Editor) (2005). �The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II: A
Collection of Primary Sources�. National Security Archive.
Schelling, Thomas C.: Arms and Influence (New Haven and London: Yale University
Press, 1965) ISBN 0-300-14337-0
Istorisiri ?i descrieri
Hoddeson, Lillian; et al. (1993). Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los
Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44132-
3.
Sodei, Rinjiro (1998). Were We the Enemy? American Survivors of Hiroshima. Westview
Press. ISBN 0-8133-3750-X.
Hachiya, Michihiko (1955). Hiroshima Diary. University of North Carolina Press.
ISBN 0-8078-4547-7.
A daily diary covering the months after the bombing, written by a doctor who was in
the city when the bomb was dropped.
Hersey, John (1946, 1985). Hiroshima. Vintage Press. ISBN 0-679-72103-7. Verifica?i
datele pentru: |date= (ajutor)
An account of the bombing by an American journalist who visited the city shortly
after the Occupation began, and interviewed survivors.
Ogura, Toyofumi (1948). Letters from the End of the World: A Firsthand Account of
the Bombing of Hiroshima. Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN 4-7700-2776-1.
Sekimori, Gaynor (1986). Hibakusha: Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Kosei
Publishing Company. ISBN 4-333-01204-X.
Selden, Kyoko; et al. (1986). The Atomic Bomb: Voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki
(Japan in the Modern World). M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 087332773X.
Takashi, Nagai (1949). The Bells of Nagasaki. Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN 4-
7700-1845-2.
Weller, George and Weller, Anthony (2006). First Into Nagasaki: The Censored
Eyewitness Dispatches on Post-Atomic Japan and Its Prisoners of War. Vintage Press.
ISBN 0-307-34201-8.
Lifton, Robert and Mitchell, Greg (1995). Hiroshima in America: A Half Century of
Denial. Quill Publishing. ISBN 0-380-72764-1.
The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1981). Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical,
and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02985-X.
Detailed accounts of the immediate and subsequent casualties over three decades.
Craig, William (1967). The Fall of Japan. Galahad Books. ISBN 0-88365-985-9.
A history of the governmental decision making on both sides, the bombings, and the
opening of the Occupation.
Frank, Richard B. (2001). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire.
Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-100146-1.
A history of the final months of the war, with emphasis on the preparations and
prospects for the invasion of Japan. The author contends that the Japanese military
leaders were preparing to continue the fight, and that they hoped that a bloody
defense of their main islands would lead to something less than unconditional
surrender and a continuation of their existing government.
Hogan, Michael J. (1996). Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 0-521-56206-6.
Knebel, Fletcher and Bailey, Charles W. (1960). No High Ground. Harper and Row.
ISBN 0-313-24221-6. A history of the bombings, and the decision-making to use them.
Robert Jungk, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic
Scientists (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1956, 1958)
The Pacific War Research Society (2006). Japan's Longest Day. Oxford University
Press. ISBN 4-7700-2887-3.
An account of the Japanese surrender and how it was almost thwarted by soldiers who
attempted a coup against the Emperor.
Rhodes, Richard (1986). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-
671-44133-7.
Sweeney, Charles; et al. (1999). War's End: An Eyewitness Account of America's Last
Atomic Mission. Quill Publishing. ISBN 0-380-78874-8.
Rhodes, Richard (1977). Enola Gay: The Bombing of Hiroshima. Konecky & Konecky.
ISBN 1-56852-597-4. Mai multe valori specificate pentru |author= ?i |last= (ajutor)
A history of the preparations to drop the bombs, and of the missions.
Walker, J. Samuel (1997). Prompt and Utter Destruction: President Truman and the
Use of Atomic Bombs Against Japan. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-
2361-9.
Walker, Stephen (2005). Shockwave: Countdown to Hiroshima. Harper Perennial. ISBN
0-06-074285-2.
Narrative events in the lives of those involved in or touched by the bombings.
Weintraub, Stanley (1995). The Last, Great Victory: The End of World War II. Truman
Talley Books. ISBN 0-525-93687-4.
Recounts the events day by day.
Vezi ?i
Ploaia neagra (film japonez)

[arata]
v � d � m
Razboiul din Pacific �n cel de-al Doilea Razboi Mondial

[arata] v � d � m Al Doilea Razboi Mondial

Categorii: Mentenan?a CS1: Utilizare explicita a lui et al.Arme nucleare ale
Statelor Unite ale AmericiiBombardamentele atomice de la Hiroshima ?i
NagasakiProiectul Manhattan
Meniu de navigare
Nu sunte?i autentificatDiscu?iiContribu?iiCreare contAutentificareArticolDiscu?
ieLecturaModificareModificare sursaIstoricCautare

Cautare �n Wikipedia
Pagina principala
Schimbari recente
Cafenea
Articol aleatoriu
Facebook
Participare
Cum �ncep pe Wikipedia
Ajutor
Portaluri tematice
Articole cerute
Dona?ii
Tiparire/exportare
Creare carte
Descarca PDF
Versiune de tiparit
�n alte proiecte
Wikimedia Commons
Trusa de unelte
Ce trimite aici
Modificari corelate
Trimite fi?ier
Pagini speciale
Navigare �n istoric
Informa?ii despre pagina
Element Wikidata
Citeaza acest articol
�n alte limbi
?????????
Deutsch
????????
English
Espa�ol
Fran�ais
Magyar
Polski
?????? / srpski
�nca 53
Modifica legaturile
Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuata la 9 iulie 2018, ora 20:44.
Acest text este disponibil sub licen?a Creative Commons cu atribuire ?i distribuire
�n condi?ii identice; pot exista ?i clauze suplimentare. Vede?i detalii la Termenii
de utilizare.
Politica de confiden?ialitateDespre WikipediaTermeniDezvoltatoriCookie
statementVersiune mobila