Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Chapter I
A. Introduction
Water is a basic necessity of human and all living beings. 70% of the world is
covered by water and only 2.5% of it is fresh and suitable for human use.. The
impurities present in water can cause hazardous diseases. The biggest impact of
About 8 million tons of plastic waste are dumped into the world’s oceans
every year, the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic being tripped into the sea
Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam account for up to 60 percent of the plastic waste
Majority of the plastics are found on creeks and canals all throughout the city.
plastics and such wastes are visibly present in landfill sites and waterways for a long
time. It is a fact that rapid urbanization of cities in the country has provided ample
opportunities for growth. Although there had been efforts to address this challenge
environmental management.
Page 1
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
the so called 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) that involves segregation at source
With the continued expansion of industries, the problem of sewage water must be
urgently resolved due to the increasing sewage problems from industries to the
surrounding environment.
floating trash. This device enables the worker to remove waste by operating the
device with a simple remote control. The device operator doesn’t need much effort
Page 2
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
B. Conceptual Framework
-IMPROVISED WEATHER
SOLAR-POWERED
REMOTE
CONTROLLED
KIND OF
TRASH TIME TO COLLECT
FLOATING
COLLECTING THE TRASH TRASH (plastics,
DEVICE bottles, leaves,
etc.)
-MANUAL TRASH
COLLECTION
(CLEANING NET)
AGE OF
CONTROLLER
9jsdshdsdnjnxd
a
The first block shows the independent variable which is the device,
dependent variable which is the time to collect the trash, located in the second block.
And the three extraneous variables written at the right side of the dependent variable
affects the time it takes to collect the trash. The weather, the kind of floating trash
and the age of controller affects the time in collecting the trash.
Page 3
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Controlled Trash Collecting Device wherein the device can be placed in a certain
following questions:
1. What is the Mean Time one-hundred trash (50 leaves and 50 candy
wrappers) is collected:
3. What is the Mean Time the device collects one-hundred trash (50 leaves
Page 4
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
4. Is there a significant difference in the Mean Time the device collects one-
D. Hypothesis
collecting the one hundred pieces of trash using Manual Cleaning Net and the
The research project covers the process on how the Improvised Solar-
Powered Remote Controlled Trash Collecting Device can be useful. It also covers
the aspect of how people can save time in using the said device. Though, there are
limitations like, the device can only be used in stable bodies of water, the device can
only collect floating trash on bodies of water, and the lifespan of the device is limited.
Page 5
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Device can potentially save so much time and effort in cleaning stable bodies of
water such as pools and creeks. A good idea for private pool or resort owners and
for those who live near creeks and canals. This study addresses its significance to
the following:
To the pool owners or resort owners: This device can help pool owners to save
time in cleaning their pools and also for their regular maintenance.
that it can help reduce water pollution and contamination that can affect the health of
make it easy for the environmentalists to do their works in cleaning creeks with lots
of floating waste. They can use the said device instead of cleaning manually.
To future researchers: This research will help the future researchers to have a
Page 6
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
G. Definition of terms
regulations.
Page 7
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Chapter II
Waste poses a threat to public health and the environment if it is not stored,
material with no intrinsic value has dominated attitudes towards disposal. This study
investigates the domestic waste practices, waste disposal, and perceptions about
to collect data. A total of 364 household heads were interviewed in the survey and
six key informants were interviewed with the in-depth interviews. The results of the
study revealed that 93.1% of households disposed of food debris as waste and
77.8% disposed of plastic materials as waste. The study also showed that 61.0% of
the households disposed of their waste at community bins or had waste picked up at
their homes by private contractors. The remaining 39.0% disposed of their waste in
gutters, streets, holes and nearby bushes. Of those who paid for the services of
private contractors, 62.9% were not satisfied with the services because of their cost
and irregular collection. About 83% of the respondents were aware that improper
thought that improper waste management could lead to malaria and diarrhea.
Page 8
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
transporting waste from the households to dumping sites. Proper education of the
public, the provision of more communal trash bins, and the collection of waste by
diseases.
The deleterious effects of plastic debris on the marine environment were reviewed
by bringing together most of the literature published so far on the topic. A large
Which could jeopardize their survival, especially since many are already endangered
through entanglement sin and ingestion of plastic litter. Other less known threats
include the use of plastic debris by “invader” species and the absorption of
plastic pellets and “scrubbers” are also hazardous. To address the problem of plastic
debris in the oceans is a difficult task, and a variety of approaches are urgently
It is not possible to obtain reliable estimates of the amount of plastic debris that
reaches the marine environment, but the quantities are nevertheless quite
substantial. In 1975 the world’s fishing fleet alone dumped into the sea
Page 9
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
sludge, and industrial waste, are banned from ocean disposal. The primary source of
material that may be dumped sin the ocean, with appropriate oversight and
channels and vessel berthing areas. Other items that may be disposed in the ocean
include vessels that are no longer in operation, fish wastes, and human remains.
EPA is responsible for designating ocean disposal sites (both for dredged and
Plans for all ocean disposal sites, and establishing environmental criteria for the
(USACE) issues ocean dumping permits for dredged material (subject to EPA review
and concurrence), EPA is responsible for issuing ocean dumping permits (special,
materials into ocean waters and prevents or strictly limits the dumping into ocean
waters of any material that would adversely affect human health, welfare, or
Page 10
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
some beneficial use. The level of contamination necessary to render a water body
impaired is highly dependent on the type of water body, its location, and the types of
beneficial uses it supports. A water deemed unfit for drinking by humans may be
suitable for the other uses, such as habitat, irrigation, or recreation. Although certain
natural events can cause water pollution, we will focus herein on the anthropogenic
Dozens of millions of tons of plastics and other debris end up floating in water
bodies around the world. Automatic canal cleaning system makes use of solar power
to remove floating trashes. The device is placed across the water bodies so that flow
occurs through lower grids. Waste like plastic bottles, cans, bio-debris, etc. are lifted
up by using conveyer fitted with projecting kit. These belts are driven by solar
powered motors. Photovoltaic cells used are coupled with storage batteries for full
day working. Secondary conveyer is provided to remove the trashes to the dumping
regions. This system will be also helpful for Pampa and “Namami, Ganga” projects
for cleaning rivers from trashes like dhoties, flower offerings and other waste.
Page 11
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Water is a basic need for all living being, it is important to maintain the
cleanliness and hygiene of water. Water gets polluted due to many reasons such as
waste found from industry, garbage waste, sewage waste, etc. water from lakes and
ponds are clean by traditional methods. We have to incorporate technology such that
cleaning work is done efficiently and effectively. Consider this as serious problem to
start the work of project. We collected information from the various resource, based
on the details collected we listed objectives that a design has to carry. Various
concepts were generated to Pugh evaluation chart. Design calculation was being
done where theoretical values of required parameters were calculated to match them
Nowadays certain actions are taken to improve the level of cleanliness in the
country. People are more getting more active in doing all the things possible to clean
increase cleanliness. A system is build which will notify the corporation to empty the
bin on time. In this system, we will put a sensor on top of the garbage bin which will
detect the total level of garbage inside it according to the total size of the bin. This
system will help in cleaning the city in the better way. By using this system people do
not have to check all the system manually but they will get a notification when the bin
Page 12
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
side creates unhygienic condition in nearby surroundings. This floating wastes will
not be dissolve easily in water. This unwanted suspended objects will cut off the
oxygen, hence creates oxygen deficiency which directly affects the marine life. Also
this wastes are a threat to aquatic animals. The project aims at detecting floating
wastes in water using infrared sensor and cleaning in an efficient way. The
information of every action taking will be sent to the corresponding authority through
GSM. The project can be implemented for both flowing and stagnant water. The
major advantage of the project is that the people of control station need not have to
go to every nook and corner to clean waste, instead can monitor one end easily.
areas throughout the world and it is becoming a critical issue in developing countries
complex process that requires the use of large amount of money and an elaborate
proposed able to improve and optimize the handling of solid urban waste. Context of
and data sharing involving a large amount of people. Smart-M3 platform solves
Page 13
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
these problems offering a high degree of decoupling and scalability. Waste collection
is made by real-time monitoring the level of bin’s fullness through sensors placed
inside the containers. This method enables to exempt from collecting semi-empty
determine the optimal number of waste vehicles or bins to distribute in the territory.
The presented solution gives important advantages for both service providers and
consumers. The formers could obtain a sensible cost reduction. On the other hand,
users may benefit from a higher level of service quality. In order to make users feel
closer to their community, they can interact with the system to be aware about the
fullness state of the nearest bins. Finally, a mechanism for collecting “green points”
Page 14
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
IMPROVISED
SOLAR-POWERED
REMOTE
CONTROLLED TRASH
COLLECTING DEVICE TIME TO
COLLECT THE
TRASH
POOL CLEANING
NET
In figure 1, the researchers compared the time spent by the Improvised Solar-
Powered Remote Controlled Trash Collecting Device with the time spent by the pool
IMPROVISED SOLAR-
POWERED REMOTE
CONTROLLED TRASH
COLLECTING DEVICE
controlled by:
TIME TO
15 years old COLLECT THE
25 years old TRASH
35 years old
45 years old
60 years old
Page 15
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
In the figure 2, the researchers compared the time spent by a 15 year old, 25 year
old, 35 year old, 45 year old and 60 year old individuals in collecting the floating
Device.
B. Research Environment
with 4 to 7 ft. in depth. The researchers placed the device on the water with a
specific number of trash in each trial. The researchers recorded the time it took to
collect all the one hundred (100) pieces of trash in the first, second and third trial.
And also, the researchers recorded the time it took for the manual pool cleaning net
C. Discussion of Treatments
Table1
Page 16
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
In the first row, it shows the time spent by a 15 year old individual in collecting
the scattered floating trashes using the manual cleaning net. In the second row, it
shows the time spent by a 25 year old individual in collecting the scattered floating
trashes using the manual cleaning net. In the third row, it shows the time spent by a
35 year old individual in collecting the scattered floating trashes using the manual
cleaning net. In the fourth row, it shows the time spent by a 45 year old individual in
collecting the scattered floating trashes using the manual cleaning net. While in the
fifth row, it shows the time spent by a 60 year old individual in collecting the
Table 2
Page 17
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
In the first row, it shows the time spent by a 15 year old individual in collecting
the scattered floating trashes by controlling the device. In the second row, it shows
the time spent by a 25 year old individual in collecting the scattered floating trashes
by controlling the device. In the third row, it shows the time spent by a 35 year old
individual in collecting the scattered floating trashes by controlling the device. In the
fourth row, it shows the time spent by a 45 year old individual in collecting the
scattered floating trashes by controlling the device. While in the fifth row, it shows the
time spent by a 60 year old individual in collecting the scattered floating trashes by
D. Research Materials
In the conduct of the study, the materials needed are the following: three (3) 9
volts dynamo, one (1) Remote Controlled Motor, one (1) 9 volts battery, six (6) 1.5
volts AA rechargeable battery, one (1) 7.2 volts AA rechargeable battery, one (1) AA
battery case with 6 slots, power supply, 10 Watts Solar panel (10”x5.5” inches), two
(2) large size styro box (38”x16” inches), net, two (2) PVC pipe with a length of 10
inches , two (2) 12L storage box, twelve (12) 5 inches ruler, duct tape, aluminium
Page 18
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
The problem encountered by the researchers was the rapid increase of plastic
waste in bodies of water. Due to this problem, the researchers came up with an
idea to construct a device that can collect trash in bodies of water within
exerting much effort from an individual. The researchers thought of an idea in
controlling the device using a remote. The researchers consulted an Engineer
before conducting the study. The researchers considered all the
recommendations given by the Engineer before constructing the device.
Experimental Phase
Page 19
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
After constructing the device, the researchers started gathering data in a 19m by
50m wide pool. The researchers placed 100 pieces of trash in the pool and start
collecting it using Manual Cleaning Net, the researchers recorded the time it took
for the manual cleaning net to collect all the trash with the 15 year old, 25 year
old, 35 year old, 45 year old and 60 year old individuals. After that, the
researchers used the Improvised Solar-Powered Trash Collecting Device to
collect another 100 pieces of trash and the same process went on.
Page 20
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CHAPTER IV
In Table 1, first column, it shows the ages of the individuals who used the device.
The second column shows the number of trials per age. The third column shows the
mean time spent by the device collecting the trash. And the fourth column shows the
standard deviation.
ANOVA
TIME SPENT TO COLLECT THE TRASH
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 13613397.600 4 3403349.400 46.475 .000
Within Groups 732291.333 10 73229.133
Total 14345688.933 14
Table 2 shows the sum of square, degrees of freedom, mean square, F ratio and the
significant difference between and within groups
Page 21
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: TIME SPENT TO COLLECT THE TRASH
Scheffe
(I) TREATMENT (J) TREATMENT Mean Difference Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
(I-J) Lower Bound Upper Bound
25 year old 1500.00000* 220.95118 .001 675.8729 2324.1271
35 year old -277.33333 220.95118 .809 -1101.4605 546.7938
15 year old
45 year old -974.33333* 220.95118 .019 -1798.4605 -150.2062
60 year old -1201.33333* 220.95118 .005 -2025.4605 -377.2062
15 year old -1500.00000* 220.95118 .001 -2324.1271 -675.8729
35 year old -1777.33333* 220.95118 .000 -2601.4605 -953.2062
25 year old
45 year old -2474.33333* 220.95118 .000 -3298.4605 -1650.2062
60 year old -2701.33333* 220.95118 .000 -3525.4605 -1877.2062
15 year old 277.33333 220.95118 .809 -546.7938 1101.4605
25 year old 1777.33333* 220.95118 .000 953.2062 2601.4605
35 year old
45 year old -697.00000 220.95118 .111 -1521.1271 127.1271
60 year old -924.00000* 220.95118 .027 -1748.1271 -99.8729
*
15 year old 974.33333 220.95118 .019 150.2062 1798.4605
25 year old 2474.33333* 220.95118 .000 1650.2062 3298.4605
45 year old
35 year old 697.00000 220.95118 .111 -127.1271 1521.1271
60 year old -227.00000 220.95118 .895 -1051.1271 597.1271
15 year old 1201.33333* 220.95118 .005 377.2062 2025.4605
25 year old 2701.33333* 220.95118 .000 1877.2062 3525.4605
60 year old
35 year old 924.00000* 220.95118 .027 99.8729 1748.1271
45 year old 227.00000 220.95118 .895 -597.1271 1051.1271
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 3 shows the comparison of each treatment I to the treatment J and their mean
difference and, standard error and significance.
Page 22
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Table 4. DESCRIPTIVES
Group Statistics
Table 4 shows the time spent to collect the trash by cleaning with the use of the
device and cleaning with the use of net, number of trials of each treatment, mean,
standard deviation and standard error mean
Table 5 shows the equal variances assumed of time spent to collect the trash, t ratio,
After the researchers constructed the device, the researchers conducted three
(3) trials with the help of a 15 year old, 25 year old, 35 year old, 45 year old and 60
year old individuals using the Manual Cleaning Net and the said device. The
researcher compared the time spent by the Manual Cleaning Net and the Improvised
Page 23
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
The researchers found out that the time spent using the device shorter than
the time spent using the Manual Cleaning Net. Therefore, the researchers concluded
effective.
Page 24
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the result and findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. The Mean time for the Manual Cleaning Net used by a 15 year old, 25 year
old, 35 year old, 45 year old and 60 year old were; 5227 seconds, 4448
2. The Mean time for the Improvised Solar-Powered Remote Controlled Trash
Collecting Device used by a 15 year old, 25 year old, 35 year old, 45 year old
and 60 year old were; 4943 seconds, 3443 seconds, 5354 seconds, 5917
RECOMMENDATIONS:
In reference to the findings and conclusions of the scientific study, the following
could be used by the following: pool owners, people living near creeks, and
environmentalists.
Page 25
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
APPENDICES
Page 26
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
References
A, A. (2018, July 31). Garbage Monitoring System Using IOT. IOP ebooks, 12. Retrieved August 2,
2018, from Anitha_2017_IOP_Conf_Ser.%3A_Mater._Sci_English._263_042027.pdf
A, A. N., M, A., K, C., Shankar, C., & D, N. (2017). Detection and Removal of Floating Wastes on Water
Bodies. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 4. Retrieved August 2,
2018, from http://rsisinternational.org/IJRSI/Issue41/19-22.pdf
Catania, V., & Ventura, D. ( 2014). An approch for Monitoring and Smart Planning of Urban Solid
Waste Management Using Smart-M3 Platform. Proceedings of 15th Conference of Open
Innovations Association FRUCT. Retrieved August 18, 2018, from
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6872422/?part=1
Derraik, J. G. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. New
Zealand: Elsevier. Retrieved August 24, 2018, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X02002205
Math, S., Kalasapur, S., Bavalatti, V., & Kammar, S. (2017). Aqua Drone Remote Controlled Unmaned
River Cleaning Pot. India: B.V.B College of Engineering and Technology,Hubbali in
Visvesvaraya Technological University. Retrieved August 17, 2018, from
www.kscst.iisc.ernet.in
Prakash, R., Mareesh, J. P., Manochar, N., P., S., Jerin, & Cvriac. (2017, April). Automatic Trash
Removal System in Water Bodies. International Journal of Engineering Science, 5. Retrieved
June 23, 2018, from
IJESC.Org.1632055f7e58189ac3f2bd04ddc5347f.AutomaticTrashRemovalSysteminWateBodi
es.pdf
R, D., CL, D., & AN, H. (2004). Importance of Water. Retrieved August 24, 2018, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15285742/#fft
RM, Y., D, C., & PB, A. (2014). Domestic waste disposal practice and perceptions of private sector
waste management in urban Accra. Retrieved August 24, 2018, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005728
Schwarz, A., Redmond, T. D., Wolff, J., Nadeau, L., Gross, R., Davie, N., & Math, K. (2012). Measuring
the Effectiveness of the Ocean Dumping Managment Program. USA: United States
Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved August 24, 2018, from
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/measuring-ocean-
dumping-management-program.pdf
Schweitzer, L., & Noblet, J. (2018). Water Contamination and Pollution. USA: Elsevier. Retrieved
August 24, 2018, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012809270500011X
U.N, K. S., K, S., B, V., & K, S. (2017). Aqua Drone Remote Controlled Unmaned River Cleaning Pot.
India: B.V.B. College of Engineering and Technology. Retrieved August 17, 2018, from
www.kscst.iisc.ernet.in
Page 27
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of Tuguegarao City
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Page 28