Portugues FGV 100 Questoes Corrigidas e Comentadas Carlos Zambeli

PRODUCT CATEGORY RULES ACCORDING TO ISO 14025
DATE 2015-09-29
BASIC IRON OR STEEL PRODUCTS & SPECIAL STEELS,

EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION STEEL PRODUCTS
2015:03
VERSION 1.01
VALID UNTIL: 2019-07-01

DATE 2015-09-29
BASIC IRON OR STEEL PRODUCTS & SPECIAL STEELS, EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION STEEL
PRODUCTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
®
General Introduction to PCRs in the International EPD System .....................................................................................3
1 General information ..................................................................................................................................................4
2 Definition of the product group ..................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Specification of manufacturing company .............................................................................................................8
2.2 Specification of the product .................................................................................................................................8
3 Declared unit ............................................................................................................................................................9
4 Content declaration...................................................................................................................................................9
5 Units and quantities ................................................................................................................................................10
6 General system boundaries ....................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Upstream processes..........................................................................................................................................12
6.2 Core processes .................................................................................................................................................13
6.3 Downstream processes .....................................................................................................................................13
7 Core Module ...........................................................................................................................................................13
7.1 System boundaries ............................................................................................................................................13
7.2 Cut-off rules .......................................................................................................................................................14
7.3 Allocation rules ..................................................................................................................................................14
7.4 Data quality rules ...............................................................................................................................................15
8 Upstream Module ...................................................................................................................................................15
8.1 System boundaries ............................................................................................................................................15
8.2 Data quality rules ...............................................................................................................................................15
9 Downstream Module ...............................................................................................................................................17
10 Environmental performance-related information ....................................................................................................17
10.1 Use of resources.......................................................................................................................................17
10.2 Potential environmental impacts ...............................................................................................................20
10.3 Waste production ......................................................................................................................................21
10.4 Other environmental indicators .................................................................................................................21
10.5 Additional environmental information ........................................................................................................21
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11 Content of the EPD ..............................................................................................................................................21
11.1 Cover ........................................................................................................................................................22
11.2 Programme-related information and mandatory statements .....................................................................22
11.3 Product-related information ......................................................................................................................23
11.4 Environmental performance-related information .......................................................................................24
11.5 Additional environmental information ........................................................................................................24
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11.6 Differences versus previous versions of the EPD ...................................................................................24
11.7 References ...............................................................................................................................................24
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12 Validity of the EPD ...............................................................................................................................................24
13 Changes in this PCR document .............................................................................................................................25
14 References ............................................................................................................................................................25
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO PCRS IN THE INTERNATIONAL

EPD® SYSTEM
®
This is a Product Category Rules (PCR) document developed in the framework of the International EPD System,
operating in accordance with ISO 14025:2006 and the following international standards:
 ISO 9001, Quality management systems
 ISO 14001, Environmental management systems
 ISO 14040, LCA - Principles and procedures
 ISO 14044, LCA - Requirements and guidelines
®
The International EPD System is a system of voluntary environmental declarations applicable to any type of goods
and services. The rules and requirements of the system are defined in the General Programme Instructions, available
at the website: www.environdec.com.
A PCR is defined in ISO 14025 as a set of specific rules, requirements and guidelines for developing Type III
environmental declarations for one or more product categories. This PCR document specifies the rules for the
underlying life cycle assessment (LCA) and sets minimum requirements on EPDs for a specific product group that are
more detailed than the standards and the General Programme Instructions.
®
In the case of building products, the International EPD System also allows the use of EN 15804 (Sustainability of
construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products)
and ISO 21930 (Environmental declaration of building products) as underlying standards, if relevant. The compliance
with these standards shall be defined in each PCR.
®
The principle programme elements in International EPD System are presented below. More information is available in
the General Programme Instructions and on the website:
PURPOSE ELEMENT IDENTIFICATION AND PRINCIPAL APPROACH
Complying with principles set in ISO 14025 on 1. "Book-keeping LCA approach" (attributional LCA)
modularity and comparability 2. A Polluter-Pays (PP), allocation method
3. PCR Module Initiative (PMI) in order to structure PCR in modules according to

Simplifying work to develop Product Category international classification
Rules (PCR) 4. PCR Moderator for leadership and support of the PCR work
5. Pre-certification of EPDs
Secure international participation in PCR work 5. Online PCR Forum for open and transparent stakeholder consultation
Facilitating identification and collection of LCA-

6. Selective data quality approach for specific and generic data
based information
8. Introducing Sector EPDs

Broaden market applications of EPDs
9. Introducing "Single-issue EPDs"
Expand possibilities for organisations to issue

10. Introducing "EPD process certification"
EPDs in a cost-effective way
Alignment of Product Category Rules (PCR) across intermediate and final products in the supply chain and of PCRs
developed in the framework of other ISO 14025 compliant programmes is strongly encouraged. In order to have a
unique identification of each product group, the United Nation Statistics Division - Classification Registry CPC codes
®
(http://unstats.un.org) are used in the International EPD System.
All PCR documents have a maximum period of validity after which the document shall be revisited..
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1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Name: Basic iron or steel products & Special Steels, except construction products
Programme operator: The International EPD® System www.environdec.com.

E-mail: info@environdec.com
Publication date: 2015-09-29 (Version 1.01)
Version 1.0 was published 2015-07-01. A version history is available in Section 13.
Registration no: 2015:03
This PCR was prepared by: IK INGENIERIA

LAVOLA
GERDAU ACEROS ESPECIALES
Appointed PCR moderator: Gorka Benito Alonso, IK INGENIERIA, g.benito@ik-ingenieria.com
Open consultation period: 2015-02-15 until 2015-04-17
Review panel for this PCR: The Technical Committee of the International EPD® System.
Full list of TC members available on www.environdec.com/TC
The PCR is valid within the following Global

geographical region:
Valid until: 2019-07-01
More information on this PCR’s website: http://environdec.com/en/PCR/Detail/?Pcr=10372
Reference documentation  General Programme Instruction version 2.5. 2015-05-11

 PCR Basic Module, CPC Division 41: Basic metal products, except
machinery and equipment”, version 2.0, dated 2013-10-24
 PCR 2014:10 Fabricated steel products, except construction products,
machinery and equipment (Version 1.0)
 Draft PCR Fabricated steel construction products (Second open consultation;
February 2014)
 EPD NORGE:NPCR 013 Steel as Construction Material
 IBU: PCR for building metals. 2012-10
 AENOR GLOBAL EPD: PCR 001 Long Steel products of non alloy steel hot
rolled from electric furnace, for construction products
 CHINA STEEL CORPORATION PCR for Carbon steel and carbon steel
products.
This document provides Product Category Rules (PCR) for the assessment of the environmental performance of
Crude steel and/or basic iron steel products including Special steels (except those destined to become construction
products) and the declaration of this performance by an EPD. The corresponding UN CPC codes are the specific 4112
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DATE 2015-09-29
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(Crude steel) and 412 (Products of iron or steel, not finished). More information about the product group is available in
Section 2.
Basic iron steel products must be considered those semi-finished steels or intermediate Special steels that will be
further processed to become a finished consumer product. For example, ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, plates, bars...
fall under the scope of this PCR, when they are manufactured with the goal to be supplied to further manufacturers and
then transformed in final products like naval chains, bearing steels, tool steels, shafts for automotive industry…etc.
This PCR covers the two most common steel manufacturing technologies:
 The steel making process using pig-iron from the blast furnace and scrap steel through Basic Oxygen Furnace
(BOF).
 The steel making process using scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) through Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
Other alternative and minority steel making technologies are not covered by this PCR.
In the verified EPD, the technology used to manufacture the semi-finished steel product must be detailed.
Construction steels are not included in this PCR, as they are covered by the other existing PCR for “Fabricated Steel
construction products”, compliant with the EN 15804 standard Sustainability of construction works - Environmental
product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products
®
So this PCR complements with the parallel Steel products PCR family in the International EPD System:
This PCR complies with the General Programme Instruction of the International EPD® System, version 2.5 dated
2015-05-11. It is based on the requirements and guidelines given in “PCR Basic Module, CPC Division 41: Basic metal
products, except machinery and equipment”, version 2.0, dated 2013-10-24.
This PCR document is publically available on www.environdec.com. The PCR document is a living document. If
relevant changes in the LCA methodology or in the technology for the product category occur, the document will be
revised and any changes will be published on the website.
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Any comments to this PCR document may be given on the PCR Forum on www.environdec.com or directly to the PCR
moderator during the period of validity. The PCR Moderator should initiate a revision process before the validity time
expires to give due time for announcing and collecting comments.
EPDs shall be based on the latest version of the PCR, and refer to the version number and date of the PCR used. The
production of new PCR versions does not affect the certification period of EPDs that are already published.
For the respective product, an LCA complying with ISO 14040 and based on plausible, transparent and credible data
shall be submitted. All model assumptions with a decisive influence on the result should be specified.
This LCA must be representative of the products and the reference geographical area where processes occur which
are described in the declaration.
2 DEFINITION OF THE PRODUCT GROUP

The products included in this PCR are: Crude steel and/or basic iron or steel products (except those destined to
become construction products).
Crude steel and/or basic iron steel products must be considered those semi-finished steels or intermediate steels that
will be further processed to become a finished consumer product. For example, ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, plates,
bars, rolled steel... fall under the scope of this PCR, when they are manufactured with the goal to be supplied to further
manufacturers and then transformed in final products like naval chains, bearing steels, tool steels, shafts for
automotive industry, etc.
This PCR covers the BOF steel making process (using iron ore) and the EAF Electric Arc Furnace steel making
process (using iron and steel scrap).
Construction steels are not included in this PCR as previously explained.
The product group and CPC code shall be specified in the EPD according to the classification as follows. The product
category is defined under ISIC – CPC’s classifications:
Section: 4 - Metal products, machinery and equipment
Division: 41 Basic metals"
Group "411”,"Basic iron and steel"
"4112","Crude steel"
"41121","Non-alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms, and semi-finished products of non-alloy steel"
"41122","Alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms and semi-finished products of alloy steel"
Division: 42 - Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

Group "412"," Products of iron or steel”
"4121","Flat-rolled products of steel, not further worked than hot-rolled"
"41211","Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of 600 mm or
more"
"41212","Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of less than 600
mm"
"41213","Flat-rolled products of alloy steel (except of silicon-electrical steel), not further worked than hot-rolled,
of a width of 600 mm or more"
"41214","Flat-rolled products of alloy steel (except of silicon-electrical or high-speed steel), not further worked
than hot-rolled, of a width of less than 600 mm"
"4122","Flat-rolled products of steel, not further worked than cold-rolled"
"41221","Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, not further worked than cold-rolled, of a width of 600 mm or
more"
"41222","Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, not further worked than cold-rolled, of a width of less than 600
mm"
"41223","Flat-rolled products of alloy steel (except of silicon-electrical steel), not further worked than cold-
rolled, of a width of 600 mm or more"
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"41224","Flat-rolled products of alloy steel (except of silicon-electrical or high-speed steel), not further worked
than cold-rolled, of a width of less than 600 mm"
"4123","Flat-rolled products of steel, further worked than hot-rolled or cold-rolled; flat-rolled products of silicon-electrical and high-
speed steel, whether or not further worked"
"41231","Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, clad, plated, coated or otherwise further worked"
"41232","Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, further worked"
"41233","Flat-rolled products of silicon-electrical steel"
"41234","Flat-rolled products of high-speed steel of a width of less than 600 mm, not further worked than hot-
or cold-rolled"
"41239","Flat-rolled products of alloy steel, n.e.c., further worked"
"4124","Bars and rods, hot-rolled, of iron or steel"
"41241","Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of iron or non-alloy steel"
"41242","Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or
extruded, but including those twisted after rolling"
"41243","Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of alloy steel"
"41244","Bars and rods of alloy steel, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded (except
bars or rods of high-speed steel or silico-manganese steel)"
"4125","Angles, shapes and sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of iron or non-alloy steel; sheet
piling of steel; welded angles, shapes and sections, of steel; railway or tramway track construction material of steel"
"41251","Angles, shapes and sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of iron or
non-alloy steel"
"41252","Sheet piling of iron or steel and welded angles, shapes and sections of iron or steel"
"41253","Railway or tramway track construction material of iron or steel"
"4126","Bars, rods, angles, shapes and sections, cold-processed or further worked, of iron or steel; angles, shapes and sections,
hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of alloy steel; steel wire"
"41261","Bars and rods, cold-formed, cold-finished or further worked, of iron or non-alloy steel"
"41262","Angles, shapes and sections, cold-formed, cold-finished or further worked, of iron or non-alloy steel"
"41263","Wire of iron or non-alloy steel"
"41264","Bars and rods, cold-formed or cold-finished, of alloy steel (except bars or rods of high-speed steel or
silico-manganese steel)"
"41265","Bars and rods of alloy steel, further worked than hot- or cold-processed"
"41266","Angles, shapes and sections, of alloy steel"
"41267","Wire of alloy steel"
"4127","Bars and rods of high-speed steel and silico-manganese steel; hollow drill bars and rods of steel"
"41271","Bars and rods of high-speed steel"
"41272","Bars and rods of silico-manganese steel"
"41273","Hollow drill bars and rods, of steel"
"4128","Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, of steel"
"41281","Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, seamless, of steel"
"41282","Casing, tubing and drill pipe, of a kind used in the drilling for oil or gas, seamless, of steel"
"41283","Other tubes and pipes, of circular cross-section, seamless"
"41284","Tubes and pipes, of non-circular cross-section and hollow profiles, seamless, of steel"
"41285","Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, welded, of steel"
"41286","Casing and tubing, of a kind used in the drilling for oil or gas, welded, of steel"
"41287","Other tubes and pipes, of circular cross-section, welded, of steel"
"41288","Tubes and pipes, of non-circular cross-section, welded, of steel"
"41289","Other tubes and pipes, such as open seam, riveted or similarly closed"
"4129","Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of cast-iron and cast-steel and related fittings; tube or pipe fittings of steel other than cast"
"41291","Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of cast-iron; tubes and pipes of centrifugally cast-steel"
"41292","Tube or pipe fittings, of cast-iron or of cast-steel"
"41293","Tube or pipe fittings, of steel other than cast-steel"
According to the General Programme Instructions, similar products from the same company could be included in the
same EPD. The following requirements must be met:
 Similar products with differences between the mandatory impact indicators lower than ±10% may be presented in
the same EPD using the impacts of an environmentally representative product. The criteria for the choice of
representative product shall be presented in the EPD, using, if applicable, statistical parameters;
 Similar products with differences between the mandatory impact indicators higher than ±10% may be presented
in the same EPD but using separate columns or tables.
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For the purpose of these requirements “similar products” means products covered by the same PCR and produced by
the same company with same core process.
2.1 SPECIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Mandatory information:
 Manufacturing company
 Manufacturing site(s) and country
 Issuer and contact information
Examples of voluntary information:

 ISO 14001 and/or EMAS certificate at the manufacturing site
 Specific aspects regarding the production
 Environmental policy
 Manufacturers logotype
The manufacturing sites involved must be listed. Every site must be detailed about the product or products that are
produced for the reference period of the EPD.
For a sector EPD at country or regional level, a representative sample of manufacturing sites as a basis for information
shall be taken into account, based on the following:
 consider if there exist clear differences among the sites with regard to either the upstream processes or the
manufacturing processes,
 determine the sample size of sites participating in the sector EPD to give reasonable good and accurate
information about the average situation of the sector to be represented,
Independent of which approach is taken, the sample size should be adjusted to the inherent uncertainties in traditional
LCA studies. Description of the sample used for the LCA shall be clearly stated in the Sector EPD.
2.2 SPECIFICATION OF THE PRODUCT

The different products have to be described on the basis of the classification in the standard: manufacturing, methods,
shapes, dimensions, capacity.
A short presentation of the product ware should be provided such as:
 Product characteristics
 Properties
 Size and dimensions
2 3
The International System of Units (SI units) shall be used (m , mm, m , etc.)
The product to be analysed must be described in terms of its technical and functional features as well as its intended
areas of application descriptive. At least the following information must be provided:
 The declared product must be described
 The designated application for product referred to must be specified
 Product standard/approval or comparable national and international regulation and standards (i.e. ISO,…) must
be indicated (if applicable)
 Product-related indications must be made for quality assurance
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 Raw material information: description, advantages (durability, aesthetic properties, hygiene, etc.) and care
instructions.
Recognised standards should be used when referring to specific technical issues (SAE, ISO/TS 4949, EN 10027,
UNS, ASTM, SAE, JIS, DIN, GB standard, etc.).
Proprietary materials, strongly confidential data and substances covered by exclusive legal rights (including patent and
trademarks) could be excluded from the detailed information, although explanation on the existence of this type of
material should be addressed.
3 DECLARED UNIT
A declared unit is used in place of the functional unit, when is not established or unknown the exact product function.
Should be applied when an EPD covers one or more life cycle stages by information modules (i.e.: cradle to gate and
cradle to gate with options) and when the EPD is not based on full life cycle (cradle to grave).
The declared unit is 1 tonne (1000 kg) of semi-finished steel product at the manufacturer gate. The declared unit shall
be specified in the EPD.
The declared unit is independent on the production characteristics in terms of diameters range or other geometrical
characteristics.
The EPD shall specify that the EPD-type applies to a “cradle-to-gate” approach (more detailed in Section 6).
4 CONTENT DECLARATION
The content declaration shall have the form of a list of materials and chemical substances including information on
their environmental and hazardous properties. The gross weight of material shall be declared in the EPD at a minimum
of 99 % in weight.
For steel products for which material standards exist (ISO, EN, ASTM, etc.), the elements specified in the standard
compose the minimum elements that shall be declared. For special steel products, the content declaration must
include at least all materials used in the product for more than 99% in weight.
Information on the hazardous properties of materials and chemical substances should follow the requirements given in
latest revision of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) issued by United
Nations and national or regional applications of the GHS in the country where the use and recycle phases take place.
As an example, in the European Union the following regulations are recommended to be used:
 Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European parliament, concerning the Registration, Evaluation,
Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)
 Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament, on classification, labelling and packaging of
substances and mixtures
The content declaration does not apply to proprietary materials, strongly confidential data and substances covered by
exclusive legal rights (including patent and trademarks).
When the semi-finished steel product is made by recycled materials, the producer could provide information about this
in the EPD. In order to avoid any misunderstanding about which material could be considered “recycled material”, the
guidance given in ISO 14021 must be taken into account. In brief:
 Only pre-consumer or post-consumer materials (scraps) could be considered in the accounting of the recycled
materials;
 Materials coming from scraps reutilisation (such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a process and capable
of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it) must not be considered as recycled content.
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5 UNITS AND QUANTITIES

The International System of Units (SI units) shall be used. Reasonable multiples may be adopted for a better
understanding. The LCA results should be reported adopting enough precision digits in order to guarantee precision
within the calculations and clear and comprehensive reporting.
6 GENERAL SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

®
The International EPD System has adopted an LCA calculations procedure which is separated into three different life
cycle stages, see Figure 1:
 Upstream processes (from cradle-to-gate); input to the core processes (i.e. raw material acquisition and
refinement, and production of intermediate components),
 Core processes (from gate-to-gate); including the processes managed by the organisation owning the EPD
 Downstream processes (from gate-to-grave); including the use stage of the product and end-of-life (EOL)
scenarios and treatments. Downstream processes for EPDs following this PCR are excluded since the LCA
study shall follow the “cradle-to-gate” principles.
This PCR allows only a “cradle-to-gate” LCA scope; based on LCA information from Upstream and Core life cycle
stages. A “cradle-to-grave” LCA study requires detailed information and parameters to define the function of the
finished product and scenarios for handling the use and EOL treatments, in order to meet comparability within the
specific product group. As the objective of this PCR is to cover semi-finished or intermediate steels that will be further
processed to become a finished consumer product, there is no way of applying a common UN CPC 4112 and 412
codes product group criteria for Downstream processes. Finished steel products manufactured from intermediate
steels could have any application (automotive, construction, naval, pipes, boilers, containers, scientific sector,
electronics...etc.) and the environmental impact of those Downstream stages should be defined, calculated and
allocated by the manufacturers of those finished products (using these intermediate-steels LCA and EPD data as part
of his own Upstream processes).
So these semi-finished or intermediate steels EPDs are supposed to be used alongside the manufacturing chain of
finished steel products, being supplied to next manufacturing stage EPD developers.
Not including EOL stage in the system boundaries does not affect to the overall environmental profile considering that
the method of avoiding allocation by expanding the system boundaries is not applicable within the framework of the
International EPD® System due to the rationale of the book-keeping LCA approach (Attributional LCA) used and the
concept of modularity (see next the “Polluter-Pays Principle”). So neither credits associated with upstream burdens of
the scrap used in the steel making process nor credits associated with EOL recycling of the semi finished steel product
could be included (any “negative flows” should be changed to zero).
This methodological choice has been set according to the polluter pays principle (PPP) and the rationale of the book-
keeping LCA approach (Attributional LCA). The Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP) was adopted by OECD in 1972 as an
economic principle for allocating the costs of pollution control. This approach links together different product systems
where wastes, fully or to some extent, are being further processed to become input materials for subsequent product
systems. The delineation between two product systems is considered to be the point where the waste has its “lowest
market value”. This means that the generator of the waste has to carry the full environmental impact until the point in
the product´s life cycle where the waste is transported to a scrap yard or gate of a waste processing plant (collection
site). The subsequent user of the waste has to carry the environmental impact from the processing and refinement of
the waste, but not the environmental impact caused in the “earlier” life cycles. For more detail in this issue, see Annex
A, Section A.6 of General Programme Instructions v 2.5. 2015-05-11.
So a “cradle-to-gate” LCA scope seems coherent in order to avoid double LCA data accounting.
The EPD shall specify that a “cradle-to-gate” LCA scope has been applied.
Data requirements and environmental results must be specified separately in the EPD for each life cycle stage
(Upstream and Core), to ensure comparability and to avoid wrong interpretation.
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The proposed system boundaries for the LCA is shown below for each one of the technologies under the scope of this
PCR (Downstream processes should not be included in the LCA).
 Steel making process using pig-iron from blast furnace and scrap steel through Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF).
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 The steel making process using scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) through Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
Figure 1. System diagram illustrating the main steel making technologies available and covered by this PCR.
6.1 UPSTREAM PROCESSES

The upstream processes include:
 Extraction and production of raw materials (iron ore, coal, scrap, pellet, limestone, electrodes, refractory, fluxes,
chemicals, alloys....etc.). Some guidance for specific material in each technology are shown below:
○ Iron Ore: The source of the Iron used should be explained. Direct Iron ore, sintered, pelletized, direct
reduced iron, briquetted... and its production process included in the LCA.
○ Coal: Anthracite or metallurgical coke. If no specific data is available, an average global coal mix
source could be used, using data from either LCA updated databases or from a recognised
International Energy Agency. Mining origin of Coal should be taken into account.
○ Scrap: Origin of scrap used in steelmaking should be explained and included in the LCA calculations,
either it is external or internal scrap.
 Transportation of raw materials during the production chain and to the steel manufacturing facility.
 The manufacturing of primary and secondary packaging, if relevant
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6.2 CORE PROCESSES

The manufacturing process must be described in detail including all the core steps, inflow of raw materials and energy
wares needed for the production. All generated wastes should be included also. The main steps to be detailed are:
 Manufacturing process for steel and Special steels (including core process related material consumption, energy
production and consumption, emissions to air, water and soil...)
 Waste generated during manufacturing and its treatment (slag, sludges...etc.);
 Emissions generated during manufacturing (CO, NOx, SOx, heavy metals, PM...etc.)
 Impacts due to the electricity production according the proper energy mix hypotheses (see Section 7.4)
 Some guidance for specific material in each technology are shown below:
- Auxiliary materials as refractory, electrodes, graphite, alloys... should be included in the LCA study.
- Furnace gases, Slags, Mill scale, Dusts...: The Steelmaking process generates important and valuable co-
products, as materials (steel dust, slags...) or as energy sources (hot gases converted in electricity or in
heat). Any treatment previous to putting these co-products it in the market should be included in this
module. Considered allocation method should be explained and applied in accordance with 7.3 rules.
6.3 DOWNSTREAM PROCESSES

The downstream processes are not included in this PCR scope (see 6 General System Boundaries)
7 CORE MODULE
7.1 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

The process steps for manufacturing the products must be described and illustrated using a flow chart (following the
example on Section 6).
The system limits for manufacturing must be taken from the generation of the resources or resource removal of limited
resources, to the plant gate in the final expedition preparation.
For individual EPDs in specific manufacture site, the data shall be representative of the site involved and the
surrounding conditions (i.e. electricity mix…).
For sector EPDs the data for the core module shall be representative for the actual production processes and
representative for the site/region where the respective process is taking place. It is especially important the
geographical relevance of the electricity mix.
7.1.1 TECHNICAL SYSTEM

The processes listed in the flowchart for the production of the final product, including packaging (if relevant), shall be
included. The production of the materials used for production of all product parts shall be included.
The technical system shall not include:
 Manufacturing of production equipment, buildings, spare parts and other capital goods with an expected lifetime
over three years.
 Business travel of personnel.
 Travel to and from work by personnel.
 Research and development activities.
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 Emissions from the dismantling of the plant and site services are considered optional, since they are difficult to
assess, and due to the vast majority of the emissions from dismantling process are associated to capital goods
which are not assessed in normal operation processes.
7.1.2 BOUNDARIES IN TIME

The data shall be representative for the year/time frame for which the EPD is valid (maximum three years).
7.1.3 BOUNDARIES TOWARDS NATURE

Boundaries to nature are defined as flows of material and energy resources from nature into the system. Emissions to
air, water and soil cross the system boundary when they are emitted from or leaving the product system.
7.1.4 BOUNDARIES TOWARDS GEOGRAPHY

The data for the core module shall be representative for the actual production processes and representative for the
site/region where the respective process is taking place.
Data used for the inventory shall not be older than three years and based on a yearly basis (typically the latest year). If
it is normal that the environmental load fluctuates, an average for these three years shall be used.
If specific data for parts of the core process is missing other generic data may be used and documented. The
environmental impact of these data or processes where the other generic data are used must not exceed 10% of the
overall environmental impact from the product system, accounted as GWP or energy consumption.
7.1.5 BOUNDARIES TOWARDS OTHER TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

If there is an inflow of recycled material to the production system in the production/manufacturing phase, the recycling
process and the transportation from the recycling process to where the material is used shall be included. If there is an
outflow of material to recycling, the transportation of the material to the recycling process shall be included. The
material going to recycling is then an outflow from the production system (see Section 6 about “Polluter-Pays Principle”
or General Programme Instructions 2.5. 2015-05-11Annex A, Section A.6 for more information).
7.2 CUT-OFF RULES

Life Cycle Inventory data for a minimum of 99% of total inflows identified to the core module shall be included. Parts
and materials not included in the LCA shall be documented in the EPD. It is important to emphasize that (in most
cases) all available data shall be used. Using cut-off rules is intended to facilitate the data collection for practitioners,
not for “hiding” information.
7.3 ALLOCATION RULES

Allocation rules must be defined for individual products when the manufacturing processes result in many different
kinds of products (main product and co-products) and where there is only aggregate information available about the
total level of emissions. Collection of product-specific information under such circumstances is to prefer to avoid
allocation.
According to ISO 14044 and ILCD handbook, if the market value of a waste at its point of origin is above zero, in LCA
perspective it is a co-product, and the multi-functionality must be solved.
The method of avoiding allocation by expanding the system boundaries is not applicable within the framework of the
International EPD® System due to the rationale of the book-keeping LCA approach (attributional LCA) used and the
concept of modularity (see Section 6 about “Polluter-Pays Principle” or General Programme Instructions 2.5. 2015-05-
11 Annex A, Section A.6 for more information).
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According to this approach (Attributional LCA), no credits associated with upstream burdens of the scrap used in the
steel making process or credits associated with EOL recycling of the semi finished steel product could be included (any
“negative flows” should be changed to zero).
If allocation cannot be avoided by dividing the unit process into two or more sub-processes and collecting the
environmental data related to these sub-processes, the priorities suggested by the ISO 14040 shall be considered in
the procedure definition. Explanation about the allocation method used must be declared in the LCA study and the
EPD.
In practice the inputs and outputs of the system should be partitioned between its different products or functions in a
way that reflects the underlying physical relationships between them.
Although this is not recommended, where physical relationship alone cannot be established or used as the basis for
allocation, the inputs should be allocated between the products and functions in a way that reflects other relationships
between them. For example, input and output data might be allocated between co-products in proportion to the
economic value of the products. Anyway, this is not recommended as economic issues and changes in the value-
market do not represent the real environmental impacts of the input/output flows, so if economic allocation is used, a
specific sensitivity analysis shall be provided to the verifier and the monitoring of the relationship between results and
current economic value shall be documented in the LCA report and EPD.
7.4 DATA QUALITY RULES

1
Specific data (also referred to as primary data) shall be used for the Core Module.
For the electricity used in the process, there are two alternatives: the company buys the energy from the electricity mix
on the actual market or from a specific supplier. While in the first case the national electricity mix shall be adopted, in
the second case a specific energy mix could be used if available. The most coherent case scenario and mix should be
used according to explained time, geography and technology boundaries in 7.1. Electricity production impacts should
be accounted for in this priority:
 Renewable Energy Certificates (RECS) or Guarantee of origin from supplier
 Electricity supplier’s residual energy mix
 National production mix/electricity mix on the actual market
8 UPSTREAM MODULE
8.1 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

The processes listed in Section 6.1 shall be included in the upstream module. Processes not listed may also be
included if relevant. All elementary flows at resource extraction shall be included, except for the flows that fall under the
general 1% cut-off rule.
8.2 DATA QUALITY RULES

2
As a general rule, “specific data” shall always be used if available.” Selected generic data” and “other generic data”
(under the following criteria) may also be used if specific data are not available.
1
Specific data: data gathered from the actual manufacturing plant(s) where specific processes are carried out and data from other parts of the life cycle
traced to the specific product system under study. Data is considered primary when the data is obtained from a direct measurement traceable to a
standard, although the emission factor is obtained from a database or other indirect measurement.
2
Selected generic data: data from commonly available data sources such as commercial databases and free databases, describing specific raw
materials or processes usually referring to the system under study or to other systems equivalent from a technical point of view
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8.2.1 RULES FOR USING GENERIC DATA

”Selected generic data” shall be used if specific data are unavailable. For allowing the use of “selected generic data”, a
number of pre-set characteristics must be fulfilled and demonstrated:
 Representativeness of the geographical area should adhere to “Data deriving from areas with the same
legislative framework and the same energetic mix”,
 Technological equivalence adhere to “Data deriving from the same chemical and physical processes or at least
the same technology coverage (nature of the technology mix, e.g. weighted average of the actual process mix,
best available technology or worst operating unit)”,
 Boundaries towards nature adhere to “Data shall report all the quantitative information (resources, solid, liquid,
gaseous emissions; etc.) necessary for the EPD”
 Boundaries towards technical systems adhere to “The boundaries of the considered life cycle stage shall be
equivalent” and fulfil the criteria of “Data calculated with system expansion should not be used, but if no other
data is available, any negative flows should be changed to zero”.
 Boundaries towards time adhere to “Reference year to be as actual as possible, preferably being representative
for at least 5 years”
Some reference databases for LCA are the following below:
 Ecoinvent database: contains international industrial life cycle inventory data on energy supply, resource
extraction, material supply, chemicals, metals, agriculture, waste management services, and transport services.
http://www.ecoinvent.ch/
 European reference Life-Cycle Database (ELCD) http://elcd.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ELCD3/
 The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative. http://www.ghgprotocol.org/
The following databases are recommended as sources of selected generic data, paying attention to the year of
reference:
DATA DATABASE / SOURCE
Steel, Iron ore and Pig Iron World Steel Association www.worldsteel.org
Data combined with IEA (International Energy Agency) statistics on electricity generation
mixes for nations, regions, etc. http://www.iea.org/statistics/
Electricity
European Reference Life Cycle Data System (ELCD)
http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ELCD3/
Aluminium EAA (European Aluminium Association) http://www.alueurope.eu/
PE Plastics Europe (former APME Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe)

Plastics
www.plasticseurope.org
European Commission Environment

Chemicals
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/chemicals/reach/index_en.htm
Transports European Reference Life Cycle Data System (ELCD) http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ELCD3 /
Waste management European Reference Life Cycle Data System (ELCD) http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ELCD3/
Using these databases does not replace data quality assessment during the LCA study. Before making use of suitable
databases, it is important to primarily select information given separate over the different life cycle stages and, beyond
all, to check that the data is free from inclusion of data and calculations outside the system boundaries.
Data calculated with system expansion should not be used, but if no other data is available any “negative flows” should
be changed to zero.
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If selected generic data that meets the requirements of the International EPD® System are not available as the
3
necessary input data, proxy data may be used and documented. The environmental impacts associated to proxy data
must not exceed 10% of the overall environmental impact from the product system.
If “other generic data” is used, the environmental impacts associated to “other generic data” must not exceed 10% of
the overall environmental impact from the product system.
Any generic data should be peer reviewed by a third party, and where possible, that third party has experience in that
industry sector and region.
Other international adoptions of this PCR should reference appropriate local databases rather than these European
references. Companies with two or more technologies available must choose a mix of technology and the determined
% must be defined and explained in the EPD.
8.2.2 DATA QUALITY DECLARATION

Even if compliant with this PCR, different EPDs may have different quality level depending on the data sources used.
For this reason, the EPDs could include an indicator suitable for demonstrate the relevance of “specific data”, “selected
generic data” and “other generic data” (i.e. explanation of sources used and % of these data used).
9 DOWNSTREAM MODULE
The downstream processes are not included in this PCR scope (see 6 General System Boundaries).
10 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED INFORMATION
10.1 USE OF RESOURCES

®
The consumption of natural resources and resources per declared unit shall be reported in the EPD , divided into core
and upstream modules.
Input parameters, extracted resources:
 Non-renewable resources
- Material resources
- Energy resources (used for energy conversion purposes)
 Renewable resources
- Energy resources (used for energy conversion purposes)
 Water use, divided in:
- Total amount of water (freshwater as LCI flow) (For closed loop processes, such cooling system, and
power generation only the net water consumptions, such as reintegration of water losses, should be
considered)
- Direct amount of water used by the core process
3 proxy data12 – data from commonly available data sources (e.g. commercial databases and free databases) that do not fulfil all of the data quality
characteristics of “selected generic data”.
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The following requirements on the resource declaration apply:

 all parameters for resource consumption shall be expressed in mass, with the exception of renewable energy
resources used for the generation of hydroelectric, wind electricity and solar energy, which shall be expressed in
MJ;
 All parameters shall not be aggregated but reported separately. Resources which contribute for less than 5 % in
each category shall be included in the resources list as “other”;
 nuclear power shall be reported among the non-renewable energy resources as kg of uranium calculated by
converting the thermal energy (MJ)
 The following requirements for the water resource use indicators apply (in part adopted from water footprint
inventory in ISO 14046 Environmental management - Water footprint - Principles, requirements and guidelines):
- Water resource use indicators shall also be calculated from the life cycle inventory. These indicators do not
constitute a “water footprint” as potential environmental impacts due to the water use in different
geographical locations is not captured.
- Water use includes evaporation, transpiration, product integration, release into different drainage basins or
the sea, displacement of water from one water resource type to another water resource type within a
drainage basin (e.g. from groundwater to surface water). In-stream water use is not included.
- For water used in closed loop processes (such as cooling system) and in power generation only the net
water consumption (such as reintegrations of water losses) should be considered.
- Sea water shall not be included in the indicator.
- Tap water or treated water (e.g. from a water treatment plant), or waste water that is not directly released in
the environment (e.g. sent to a wastewater treatment plant) are not elementary water flows, but
intermediate flows from a process within the technosphere.
- Additional transparency in terms of geographical location, type of water resource (e.g. groundwater, surface
water), water quality and temporal aspects are voluntary.
The following table could be used as example for displaying the main resource use indicators:
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Besides the use of primary resources, the life cycle inventory results will also contain flows from the technosphere
(i.e.from other product systems) when using the Attributional LCA approach. As these flows do not carry any upstream
environmental burden, they shall be reported under the following heading for transparency and completeness:
 Secondary resources
- Energy resources (Energy resources are those resources that are used for energy conversion purposes in
the product system. Recovered energy flows are flows, such as thermal energy, from other upstream
product life cycles, where the previous life cycle carries all the environmental burden of the generation of
the energy flow.)
- Recovered internal energy flows (such thermal) expressed in MJ
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10.2 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The potential environmental impact per declared unit for the following environmental impact categories shall be
reported in the EPD, divided into core, upstream and downstream (if included) module:
 Emission of greenhouse gases (expressed as the sum of global warming potential, GWP, 100 years), in carbon
dioxide (CO2) equivalents.
 Emission of acidifying gases (expressed as the sum of acidification potential, AP) in sulphur dioxide (SO 2)
equivalents.
 Emissions of gases that contribute to the creation of ground level ozone (expressed as the sum of ozone-
creating potential, POCP), in C2H4 (ethylene) equivalents.
 Emission of substances to water contributing to oxygen depletion (expressed as the sum of eutrophication
3-
potential, EP), in phosphate (PO4 ) equivalents.
 emission of ozone-depleting gases (expressed as the sum of ozone-depleting potential in mass of CFC 11-
equivalents, 20 years)
The recommended characterisation factors to use are available on the website, www.environdec.com.
10.2.1 SPECIFICATIONS FOR GWP CALCULATIONS

This section is adopted from the General Programme Instructions v2.5. 2015-05-11, Section A.8.
10.2.1.1. GHG EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS

Both emissions to the atmosphere and removals from the atmosphere shall be accounted for the assessment of the
overall GHG emissions of the product being assessed. This assessment shall include the gases arising from both fossil
and biogenic sources for all products, with the exception of human food and animal feed products.
To report information about biogenic CO2 removal and emissions in the EPD is not necessary. If reported, emissions
and removals of biogenic carbon shall be reported separately to other fossil sources.
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10.2.1.2. CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Where some or all removed carbon will not be emitted to the atmosphere within the 100-year assessment period, the
portion of carbon not emitted to the atmosphere during that period shall be treated as stored carbon. Following issues
shall be taken into account:
 carbon storage might arise where biogenic carbon forms part or all of a product (e.g. wood fibre in a table), or
where atmospheric carbon is taken up by a product over its life cycle (e.g. cement),
 while forest management activities might result in additional carbon storage in managed forests through the
®
retention of forest biomass, this potential source of storage is not included in the scope of the International EPD
System.
10.2.1.3. OFFSETTING
GHG emissions offset mechanism shall not be used at any point in the assessment of the GHG emissions of the
product. The organisation could declare its participation to some offsetting program in the other information section of
®
the EPD or single issue EPD.
10.3 WASTE PRODUCTION

The following information shall be reported:
 Hazardous waste, in kg (as defined by regional directives)
 Non-hazardous waste, in kg
 Radioactive direct waste, in kg
10.4 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

Not additional “Other environmental indicators” are needed. If considered relevant, EN 15804 indicators may be added
to the EPD.
10.5 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

The EPD may include various specific relevant issues for the semi-finished special steel product or the process as
specific information about the environmental activities or profile.
11 CONTENT OF THE EPD®

®
As a general rule the EPD content:
 Must be verifiable;
 Must not include rating, judgements or direct comparison with other products.
® ®
EPD s can be published on several languages, but if the EPD document is not available in English, the organisation
®
shall provide a summary in English including the main content of the EPD to be available on www.environdec.com
The reporting format of an EPD® shall include the following parts:
 Cover page (voluntary)
 Programme-related information
 Product-related information
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 Content declaration
 Environmental performance-related information
 Additional environmental information
 Mandatory statements
 Executive summary in English (in case of EPD only published in another language)
11.1 COVER
The EPD® cover page (if existent) shall as a minimum include relevant information about the product, such as name
and an image, the EPD® logotype, EPD registration number, date of publication, date of validity and revision number.
Reference to the PCR used and the geographical validity may also be relevant to include on the cover page.
11.2 PROGRAMME-RELATED INFORMATION AND MANDATORY

STATEMENTS
®
The programme-related part of the EPD shall include:
 Reference to the International EPD® System as the programme operator,
 The EPD® logotype
 The reference PCR document upon which the EPD is based identified according to registration number, date and
 CPC codes,
 Other relevant codes for product classification may be included as appropriate, e.g. the corresponding CPV code
to be used for identifying the product within the framework of public procurement, the United Nations Standard
Products and Services Code® (UNSPSC), Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) or Australian and New
Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC),
 Registration number (provided by the Secretariat),
 Date of publication and validity,
 Declaration of the year(s) covered by the data used for the LCA calculation and other relevant reference years.
The main database(s) for generic data and LCA software used may be declared, if relevant.
 Geographical scope of the EPD®,
 Reference to relevant websites for more information.
For sector EPDs specific indication shall be given upfront stating that the document covers average values for an
entire or partial product category (specifying the percentage of representativeness) and, hence, the declared unit is not
available for purchase on the market.
The following information is mandatory to include in the EPD:
 any omission of life cycle stages not making the EPD cover the full life cycle, with a justification of the omission,
 means of obtaining explanatory materials,
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The following table is recommended to include in the EPD for declaring all this information.
The International EPD® System

EPD programme Valhallavägen 81 SE-114 27 Stockholm, Sweden
www.environdec.com
Registration Nº Nº
Date of publication Date
EPD validity Date
EPD valid within the following geographical area Geographical scope
Cradle-to-gate
EPD Type
Cradle-to-grave
Independent verification of the declaration and data, EPD External verification

according to ISO 14025:2006 EPD Process certification
Third party verifier Name and contact information
Name of the accreditation body.

Third party verifier accredited or approved by
For individual verifiers: “The International EPD® System”
PCR 2015:03 Basic iron or steel products & Special steels, except construction
Reference Product category rules (PCR)
steel products
The Technical Committee of the International EPD® System.

Product category rules (PCR) review conducted by Chair: Massimo Marino
Contact via info@environdec.com
The Technical Committee of the International EPD® System

Product category rules (PCR) prepared by: PCR Moderator: Gorka Benito Alonso – IK INGENIERIA.
Contact via g.benito@ik-ingenieria.com
EPDs within the same product category but from different programmes may not be comparable
11.3 PRODUCT-RELATED INFORMATION

The product-related part of the EPD® should include the following information:
 Product identification by name (including any product code) and a simple visual representation or image of the
product to which the data relates,
 Name and address of the manufacturer(s),
 Site(s), manufacturer or group of manufacturers or those representing them for whom the EPD is representative,
 Unequivocal identification of the product according to the CPC classification system,
 Short description of the organisation, including information on products- or management system-related
certifications (e.g. ISO 14024 Type I ecolables, ISO 9001- and 14001-certificates and EMAS-registrations) and
other relevant work the organisation wants to communicate (e.g. SA 8000, supply-chain management and social
responsibility),
 Description of the intended use,
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 A technical description of the product in terms of functional characteristics, main product components and or
materials, expected service life time etc.,
 The relevant functional unit or declared unit,
 Short description of the underlying LCA-based information (e.g. summary of an existing LCA study or similar
studies),
 A content declaration covering relevant materials and substances (see 4)
11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED INFORMATION
11.4.1 USE OF RESOURCES

See 10.1.
11.4.2 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

See 10.2.
11.4.3 WASTE PRODUCTION

See 10.3.
11.4.4 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

See 10.4.
11.5 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

See 10.5.
11.6 DIFFERENCES VERSUS PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF THE EPD®

®
The main causes for changes in environmental performance in comparison with previous EPD versions shall be
described.
11.7 REFERENCES
®
The EPD shall refer to:
 The underlying LCA
 PCR 2015:03 Basic iron or steel products & Special steels, except construction steel products (this PCR)
 The General Programme instructions of the International EPD® System version 2.5. 2015-05-11
®
 Other documents that verify and complement the EPD
12 VALIDITY OF THE EPD®

®
The validity of the EPD is set at three years after which the declaration must necessarily be revised and reissued.
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During the validity period surveillance follow up shall be agreed with the verifier in order to evaluate if the content are
still consistent with the current situation. It is not necessary to perform a full LCA, only the monitoring of main
parameters is requested. The surveillance verification could be organised as documental check aimed to the
evaluation of the main environmental aspects relevant for the LCA calculation.
The EPD shall be updated if one of the environmental indicators has worsened for more than 10 % compared with the
data currently published.
13 CHANGES IN THIS PCR DOCUMENT
VERSION 1.0, 2015-07-01

Original version.
VERSION 1.01, 2015-09-29

Corrected error in Section 10.1, where renewable energy resources was missing as an indicator.
14 REFERENCES
 General Programme Instruction version 2.5. 2015-05-11
 PCR Basic Module, CPC Division 41: Basic metal products, except machinery and equipment”, version 2.0,
dated 2013-10-24
 PCR 2014:10 Fabricated steel products, except construction products, machinery and equipment (Version 1.0)
 Draft PCR Fabricated steel construction products (Second open consultation; February 2014)
 EPD NORGE:NPCR 013 Steel as Construction Material
 IBU: PCR for building metals. 2012-10
 AENOR GLOBAL EPD: PCR 001 Long Steel products of non alloy steel hot rolled from electric furnace, for
construction products
 CHINA STEEL CORPORATION PCR for Carbon steel and carbon steel products.
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®
© 2015 THE INTERNATIONAL EPD SYSTEM
COVER IMAGE: © FLICKR / GOODWIN STEEL CASTINGS. LICENSE: CC BY-SA 2.0. CROPPED.
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PRODUCT CATEGORY RULES ACCORDING TO ISO 14025

BASIC IRON OR STEEL PRODUCTS & SPECIAL STEELS,

VALID UNTIL: 2019-07-01

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO PCRS IN THE INTERNATIONAL

PURPOSE ELEMENT IDENTIFICATION AND PRINCIPAL APPROACH

3. PCR Module Initiative (PMI) in order to structure PCR in modules according to

Facilitating identification and collection of LCA-

8. Introducing Sector EPDs

Expand possibilities for organisations to issue

Programme operator: The International EPD® System www.environdec.com.

Publication date: 2015-09-29 (Version 1.01)

Registration no: 2015:03

This PCR was prepared by: IK INGENIERIA

Appointed PCR moderator: Gorka Benito Alonso, IK INGENIERIA, g.benito@ik-ingenieria.com

Open consultation period: 2015-02-15 until 2015-04-17

The PCR is valid within the following Global

Valid until: 2019-07-01

More information on this PCR’s website: http://environdec.com/en/PCR/Detail/?Pcr=10372

Reference documentation  General Programme Instruction version 2.5. 2015-05-11

2 DEFINITION OF THE PRODUCT GROUP

Division: 42 - Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

2.1 SPECIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Examples of voluntary information:

2.2 SPECIFICATION OF THE PRODUCT

5 UNITS AND QUANTITIES

6 GENERAL SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

6.1 UPSTREAM PROCESSES

6.2 CORE PROCESSES

6.3 DOWNSTREAM PROCESSES

7.1 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

7.1.1 TECHNICAL SYSTEM

7.1.2 BOUNDARIES IN TIME

7.1.3 BOUNDARIES TOWARDS NATURE

7.1.4 BOUNDARIES TOWARDS GEOGRAPHY

7.1.5 BOUNDARIES TOWARDS OTHER TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

7.2 CUT-OFF RULES

7.3 ALLOCATION RULES

7.4 DATA QUALITY RULES

8.1 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

8.2 DATA QUALITY RULES

8.2.1 RULES FOR USING GENERIC DATA

DATA DATABASE / SOURCE

Aluminium EAA (European Aluminium Association) http://www.alueurope.eu/

PE Plastics Europe (former APME Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe)

European Commission Environment

Transports European Reference Life Cycle Data System (ELCD) http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ELCD3 /

8.2.2 DATA QUALITY DECLARATION

10 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED INFORMATION

10.1 USE OF RESOURCES

The following requirements on the resource declaration apply:

10.2 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

10.2.1 SPECIFICATIONS FOR GWP CALCULATIONS

10.2.1.1. GHG EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS

10.2.1.2. CARBON SEQUESTRATION

10.3 WASTE PRODUCTION

10.4 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

10.5 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

11 CONTENT OF THE EPD®

11.2 PROGRAMME-RELATED INFORMATION AND MANDATORY

The International EPD® System

Date of publication Date

EPD validity Date

EPD valid within the following geographical area Geographical scope