Clin Chest Med 26 (2005) 349 – 353

Index

Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

A tuberculosis in, 295 – 312

Age diagnosis of
as factor in tuberculosis, 186 smear for acid-fast bacilli and
mycobacterial culture, 306
Aminoglycoside(s) epidemiology of, 295 – 297
for active tuberculosis, 277 extrapulmonary, 300 – 302
Amplification in newborns, 302 – 303
phage latent
in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, clinical and radiographic manifestations of,
261 – 262 299 – 303
diagnosis of, 303 – 306
Antimycobacterial agents infectious, 299
for active tuberculosis, 274 – 277 risk factors for, 297 – 298
treatment of, 306 – 309
Antiretroviral therapy pathogenesis of, 298 – 299
with tuberculosis treatment prevalence of, 295
challenges of, 286 – 292 public health aspects of, 309 – 310
pulmonary, 299 – 300
tuberculous disease, 299

B Culture(s)
Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis,
effect on tuberculin skin test, 306 257 – 258

Bronchoscopy
fiberoptic D
in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, Diarylquinolones (R207910)
256 – 257 for tuberculosis, 333
Dihydroimidazo-oxazoles (OPC-67683)
for tuberculosis, 335
C 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Chemotherapy in genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis, 238
for active tuberculosis
axioms of, 273 – 274 Directly observed treatment, short-course
standardized short-course (DOTS) strategy
in DOTS strategy for controlling global for controlling global tuberculosis epidemic,
tuberculosis epidemic, 198 – 199 197 – 205
administrative commitment to, 197
Children drug quality in, 199
latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in for multi-drug resistant TB, 200 – 201
treatment of, 322 HIV infection and, 201 – 202

0272-5231/05/$ – see front matter D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S0272-5231(05)00042-0 chestmed.theclinics.com
350 INDEX

political commitment to, 197 Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development,
results of, 200 341 – 347
sputum microscopy of patients attending described, 341 – 342
health facilities, 198 future directions for, 346
standardized short-course chemotherapy, global product development public – private
198 – 199 partnerships, 346
systemic monitoring and strategy of, 342 – 345
accountability, 200 Global product development public – private
DOTS. See Directly observed treatment, short-course partnerships
(DOTS) strategy. in Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug
Development, 345 – 346
Drug(s)
for tuberculosis, 327 – 340
new agents. See also specific drug and H
Tuberculosis, treatment of, drugs in. HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus
tuberculosis resistant to, 175 – 176 (HIV) infection.
Drug resistance HLA-DR2
in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis, 238
rapid detection of, 261 – 262
tuberculosis effects of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
transmission- and pathogenesis-related, 222 tuberculosis and. See Tuberculosis, HIV-related.

I
E Interferon gamma signaling pathway
Ethambutol in genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis, 237 – 238
for active tuberculosis, 276 Isoniazid
Ethnicity for active tuberculosis, 275
as factor in tuberculosis, 186 for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,
316 – 319
rifampin with
for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F infection, 320 – 321
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 256 – 257
L
Fingerprinting patterns Large-sequence polymorphisms
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex study, 210
study, 208
Line probe assays
Fluoroquinolones in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 261
for active tuberculosis, 276 – 277
LL3858
for tuberculosis, 335
Luciferase reporter phages
G in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 262
Genetic susceptibility
to tuberculosis, 233 – 246. See also Tuberculosis,
genetic susceptibility to. M
Macrolide(s)
Genome(s)
for tuberculosis, 335 – 336
sequenced
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Mannan-binding lectin (MBL)
study, 208 in genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis, 238
 INDEX 351

MBL. See Mannan-binding lectin (MBL). Newborn(s)

tuberculosis in, 302 – 303
Molecular beacons
in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 261 Nitroimidazopyran(s) (PA-824)
for tuberculosis, 333 – 335
Moxifloxacin
for tuberculosis, 331 – 333 Nucleic acid amplification assays
in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 258 – 260
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
dissemination of, 226
geographic distribution of, 226
origin and evolution of, 207 – 216 O
OPC-67683
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
for tuberculosis, 335
characteristics of, 207
deletions from, 212 – 214 Oxazolidinones
genetic resources in study of, 207 – 210 for tuberculosis
fingerprinting patterns, 208
large-sequence polymorphisms, 210
sequenced genomes, 208 P
single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 208 – 210
PA-284
origin and evolution of
for tuberculosis, 333 – 335
chronologic, 211 – 212
ecologic, 211 – 212 Phage(s)
genomic deletions and, 210 – 211 lucifer reporter
geographic, 211 – 212 in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 262
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Phage amplification
latent in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 261 – 262
diagnosis of, 223
Polymorphism(s)
treatment of, 313 – 326
large-sequence
challenges of, 322 – 323
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
difficulties with, 322 – 323
study, 210
implementation-related issues in, 323
single-nucleotide
importance of, 314
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex study,
in children, 322
208 – 210
in contacts of persons with drug-resistant
tuberculosis, 322 Pyrazinamide
in special situations, 322 for active tuberculosis, 277
indications for, 313 – 314 rifampin with
isoniazid in, 316 – 319 for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
with rifampin, 320 – 320 infection, 319 – 320
monitoring for toxicity in, 323
Pyrrole (LL3858)
prospects for improvements in, 323
regimens in, 314 – 316 for tuberculosis, 335
rifampin in, 321
with pyrazinamide, 319 – 320
TNF-a antagonists and, 322 R
treatment completion rates in, 322 – 323 R207910
treatment initiation problems in, 322 for tuberculosis, 333
Race
N as factor in tuberculosis, 186
National tuberculosis surveillance system, 184
Rifampin
Natural resistance – associated macrophage protein for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis, 235 – 237 infection, 321
352 INDEX

isoniazid with control of, 214

for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosis of, 247 – 271
infection, 320 – 321 rapid detection of drug resistance in, 261 – 262
pyrazinamide with drug-resistant, 175 – 176
for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis contacts of persons with
infection, 319 – 320 latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection treatment in, 322
Rifamycins
in U.S.
for active tuberculosis, 275 – 276
epidemiology of, 189 – 190
Rifapentine genetic susceptibility to, 233 – 246
for tuberculosis, 328 – 331 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and, 238
HLA-DR2 and, 238
host genetics in, 234 – 235
identification of, 235
S interferon gamma signaling pathway and,
237 – 238
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
MBL and, 238
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex study,
natural resistance – associated macrophage
208 – 210
protein and, 235 – 237
Sputum global epidemic of
in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, 255 – 256 control of
acceleration in progress of, 179 – 180
SQ109
DOTS strategy in, 197 – 205. See also
for tuberculosis, 336 – 338
Directly observed treatment, short-
course (DOTS) strategy, for controlling
global tuberculosis epidemic.
status of, 178 – 179
T deaths due to, 170 – 171, 175
TNF-a antagonists. See Tumor necrosis factor-a epidemiology of, 167 – 182
(TNF-a) antagonists. new cases, 176 – 178
Tuberculin skin test prevalence of, 170 – 171, 172 – 174
review of, 167 – 178
bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination effects
HIV-related, 171 – 172, 190 – 191
on, 306
DOTS strategy in control of, 201 – 202
in active tuberculosis diagnosis, 255
treatment of
in latent tuberculosis diagnosis, 248 – 251
adherence to, 287
in latent tuberculosis in children, 305 – 306
antiretroviral therapy with, 286 – 292
Tuberculosis drug – drug interactions in, 288
active immune reconstitution inflammatory events
diagnosis of in, 289 – 290
tests in, 254 – 255 issues in, 283 – 294
treatment of, 273 – 282 optimal duration of therapy in, 284 – 286
aminoglycosides in, 277 overlapping adverse event profiles in,
antimycobacterial agents in 287 – 288
pharmacology and toxicity of, 274 – 277 recommendations in, 286, 292
chemotherapy in in children, 295 – 312. See also Children,
axioms of, 273 – 274 tuberculosis in.
ethambutol in, 276 in U.S.
fluoroquinolones in, 276 – 277 elimination of, 192
guidelines in, 277 – 280 epidemiology of, 183 – 195
in special situations, 279 – 280 age and, 186
isoniazid in, 275 foreign-born persons and, 186 – 189
pyrazinamide in, 277 historical background of, 183 – 184
rifamycins in, 275 – 276 post-resurgence, 185 – 192
 INDEX 353

race/ethnicity factors, 186 treatment of

resurgence, 184 – 185 diarylquinolones (R207910) in, 333
latent dihydroimidazo-oxazoles (OPC-67683)
diagnosis of in, 335
beyond tuberculin skin test in, 251 – 254 drug development for, 328
tests in, 248 – 254 Global Alliance for, 341 – 347. See also
tuberculin skin test in, 248 – 251 Global Alliance for Tuberculosis
multi-drug resistant Drug Development.
global epidemic of drug(s) in
control of new, 327 – 340
DOTS strategy in, 200 – 201 pipeline of, 333 – 338
new tools for, 191 – 192 macrolides in, 335 – 336
pathogenesis of moxifloxacin in, 331 – 333
drug resistance effects on, 222 nitroimidazopyrans (PA-284) in, 333 – 335
lessons learned regarding, 219 – 226 oxazolidinones in, 336
pulmonary pyrrole (LL3858) in, 335
diagnosis of rifapentine in, 328 – 331
cultures in, 257 – 258 SQ109 in, 336 – 338
fiberoptic bronchoscopy in, 256 – 257 widely spaced intermittent, 328 – 331
line probe assays in, 261
Tuberculosis control program
luciferase reporter phages in, 262
performance of
methods in, 255 – 260
measurement of, 224 – 226
molecular beacons in, 261
nucleic acid amplification assays in, 258–260 Tuberculosis disease
phage amplification in, 261 – 262 case definitions of, 303 – 305
sputum in, 255 – 256
Tuberculosis infection
tuberculin skin test in, 255
in children, 299 – 300 latent
transmission of treatment of, 313 – 326. See also
community epidemiology and, 224 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,
contact investigations, 222 – 223 latent, treatment of.
control of Tuberculosis/HIV coinfection, 190 – 191
genotyping methods in, 217 – 219
Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) antagonists
molecular epidemiology and, 217 – 231
future of, 226 latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
drug resistance effects on, 222 treatment and, 322
exogenous reinfection and, 220 – 222
infectiousness of patients and, 219 – 220
lessons learned regarding, 219 – 226 V
mixed infection and, 220 – 222 Vaccination(s)
outbreak investigations, 222 – 223 bacille Calmette-Guerin
risk factors for clustering in, 224 effect on tuberculin skin test, 306