EXPERIMENTAL REPORT ON STUDY OF COMMON EMITTER

TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT

SATYAKI CHOWDHURY
ROLL-18134002

September 2018

1
1 OBJECTIVES

• To design a common emitter transistor (NPN) amplifier circuit.

• To obtain the frequency response curve of the amplifier and to determine the
midfrequency gain, Amid, lower and higher cutoff frequency of the amplifier
circuit.
2 APPARATUS REQUIRED
• Bread Board
• Transistor
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Oscilloscope
• Function generator
• DC power supply
• Connecting Wires
• Multimeter

3 THEORY AND WORKING FORMULA

The Base voltage VB can be easily calculated using the simple voltage divider formula
below:
VB = RVCC R2
1 +R2
−→ (1)

The following condition has to be satisfied

βRE >= 10R2

The quiescent operating point or Q-point is a point on this load line which represents
the values of IC and VCE that exist in the circuit when no input signal is applied. Know-
ing VB , IC and VCE can be calculated to locate the operating point of the circuit as follows:

VE
VE = VB − VBE −→ (2) So the emitter current is given by IE = IC = RE −→ (3)
and VCE = VCC − IC (RC + RE ) −→ (4)

The voltage gain of the common emitter amplifier is equal to the ratio of change in
the output voltage to the change in the input voltage.Thus,

2
 Vout ∆VCE
AV = Vi n = ∆VBE −→ (5)

The input and output impedance of the circuit can be computed for the case when
the emitter resistor RE is completely bypassed by the capacitor,CE

Zi = R1 ||R2 ||βre and Z0 = RC ||r0 −→ (6) where re = 26mV /IE and r0 are the emitter
diode resistance and output dynamic resistance. usually r0 >= 10RC .

The gain can thus be approximated by

C ||r0 )
AV = VVout
in
= − βIBI(R
B βre
= − RreC −→ (7).

The negative sign accounts for the phase reversal at the output. Also, the expression for
gain is given by
RC
AV = − RE1 +re −→ (8)

4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 1: A CE amplifier

5 OBSERVATIONS

• VCC set at 12V.

• β =596
• VBE =0.620 V

3
 • Resistors-
R1 =26.88 kΩ
R2 =(4.71+0.216) kΩ
RC =3.87kΩ
RE =(588+460) Ω
• C1 = C2 = 1µF
• CE = 100µF

6 TABLES

TABLE 1: DC analysis of the circuit

VCC = 12 V

Parameter Computed value Observed value

VB 1.882 V 1.887 V
VE 1.257 V 1.263 V
IC 1.14 mA 1.20 mA
VCE 6.09 V 6.28 V

TABLE 2: Frequency Response

Vi (pp)=144mV
SL.no Frequency f(Hz) VO (pp) (volt) Gain, AV = Vo /Vi Gain(dB)
1 5 0.108 0.750 -2.499
2 10 0.244 1.694 4.581
3 20 0.52 3.611 11.153
4 30 0.66 4.583 13.224
5 40 0.78 5.417 14.675
6 50 0.9 6.250 15.918
7 60 0.94 6.528 16.295
8 70 0.96 6.667 16.478
9 80 0.98 6.806 16.657
10 90 1 6.944 16.833

4
SL.no Frequency f(Hz) VO (pp) (volt) Gain, AV = Vo /Vi Gain(dB)
11 100 1.06 7.361 17.339
12 110 1.06 7.361 17.339
13 120 1.06 7.361 17.339
14 140 1.1 7.639 17.661
15 160 1.1 7.639 17.661
16 190 1.1 7.639 17.661
17 230 1.1 7.639 17.661
18 300 1.1 7.639 17.661
19 350 1.1 7.639 17.661
20 500 1.12 7.778 17.817
21 800 1.12 7.778 17.817
22 1100 1.12 7.778 17.817
23 1500 1.12 7.778 17.817
24 2000 1.12 7.778 17.817
25 2500 1.12 7.778 17.817
26 3000 1.12 7.778 17.817
27 4000 1.12 7.778 17.817
28 5000 1.12 7.778 17.817
29 6000 1.12 7.778 17.817
30 8000 1.12 7.778 17.817
31 15000 1.12 7.778 17.817
32 20000 1.12 7.778 17.817
33 30000 1.12 7.778 17.817
34 40000 1.12 7.778 17.817
35 50000 1.1 7.639 17.661
36 60000 1.1 7.639 17.661
37 70000 1.1 7.639 17.661
38 80000 1.08 7.500 17.501
39 90000 1.06 7.361 17.339

5
SL.no Frequency f(Hz) VO (pp) (volt) Gain, AV = Vo /Vi Gain(dB)
40 100000 1.04 7.222 17.173
41 200000 0.94 6.528 16.295
42 250000 0.86 5.972 15.523
43 400000 0.7 4.861 13.735
44 500000 0.62 4.306 12.681
45 600000 0.54 3.750 11.481
46 700000 0.48 3.333 10.458
47 800000 0.42 2.917 9.298
48 900000 0.36 2.500 7.959
49 1000000 0.352 2.444 7.764
50 2000000 0.184 1.278 2.129
51 3000000 0.144 1.000 0.000

7 CALCULATIONS
26mV
• re = IE = 21.66Ω
• Zi = R1 ||R2 ||βre = 3.148kΩ
• Zo = RC ||ro = 3.518kΩ
RC
• AV (Theoretical)=− RE1 +re = 8.03

• AV ( From Experimental data table)=7.78

• AV ( From Experimental graph)=7.76
• Lower half power frequency=41.117Hz
• Upper half power frequency=306033.104Hz
• Bandwidth = 305991.987Hz