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“Year of National Dialogue and

Reconciliation”

DIRECT AND REPORTED

SPEECH

Members:
AYBAS ALFONSO BRYAN
SILVA SARAVIA FERNANDO
ULLOA ACUÑA MARGARITA

Teacher:
PARDAVE BRANCACHO JHINO

Course:
ENGLISH IV

Cycle: VI

2018
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This monograph is dedicated in the first place to GOD that
enlightens us and gives us strength to continue forward to
the members of our group who supported and dedicated
their time so that this project has a purpose that is to inform
and also; our parents, who are the fundamental pillars that
support us and guide us to a better future, to the teacher
JHINO PARDAVE BRANCACHO who with his
professionalism and dedication makes us a better person,
to our institutions that gave us information to fulfill the
objective of carrying out said job.

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In the present research work we will know about the direct speech and
the reported speech.
About his will grammar and would when they are affirmative, negative
and interrogative, in direct or reported speech.
We will also know about the grammar of can and could when they are
affirmative, negative and interrogative, in the direct or reported
speech.
And for a better understanding we will provide exercises to be able to
develop them.

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1. CHAPTER I – DEFINITION
2. CHAPTER II – WILL - WOULD
3. CHAPTER III – CAN COULD
4. CONCLUSION
5. BIBLIOGRAFIC REFERENCES
6. ANNEXES

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DEFINITION

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DIRECT SPEECH
When we want to report exactly what someone else has said, we use direct style.

REPORTED SPEECH
In general, when the indirect style is used, the verb tense changes.

Sometimes "that" is used in the affirmative and negative phrases to introduce

what the other person has said. On the other hand, in the interrogative phrases
you can use "if" or "whether".

Note: Also note that the expressions of time change in the indirect style.
Examples:

 Today => yesterday/ that day

 This evening => that evening
 These (days) => those (days)
 Now => then
 (A week) ago => (a week) before
 Last weekend => the previous weekend
 Here => there
 Here after => there after
 Next (week) => the following (week)/ a week after
 Tomorrow => the next/following day
 Thus => so
 Last night => the previous night
 Yesterday => the day before / the previous day
 Hither => thither
 Hence => thence

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WILL - WOULD

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 DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

WILL WOULD
AFFIRMATIVE
AFIRMATIVES
subject + told/said + that + subject
Subject + will + verb +
+ would + verb + complement
complement
He told me that he would get a job
“I will get a job soon.”
soon.
NEGATIVES
NEGATIVES
subject + told/said + that + subject
Subject + will not + verb +
+ would not + verb + complement
complement
They told me that they wouldn`t give
“We will not give up.”
up.
INTERROGATIVES INTERROGATIVES
Will + subject + verb + complement subject + asked + that + if +
+? subject + would + verb +
“Will you teach us the practical complement
grammar?” They asked me that if I would teach
them the practical grammar.

EXAMPLES:

WILL
1. “ I will go to the movies
tomorrow”.
2. “will you help me move?”.
3. Chris: “I wil stay here!”
WOULD
1. John said he would go to
the movies the next day.
2. She asked me if I would
help her move.
3. He said that he would stay
there.

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 4. Adam: “I will not go away” 4. He said that he would not
go away.
5. Kelly: “My dad won’t let 5. She said that her father
me go to the party” wouldn’t let her go to
the party.
6. Ian: “I will help you with 6. He said that he would
the dishes!” help me with the
dishes.

VERBS USED
PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Get Got Gotten

Give Gave Given

Teach Taught Taught

Go Went Gone

Help Helped Helped

Stay Stayed Stayed

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CAN - COULD

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 DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

CAN COULD
AFFIRMATIVE
AFFIRMATIVES
Subject + told/said + that + subject +
Subject + can + verb + complement
could + verb + complement
“I can ride a bike.”
He said that he could ride a bike.
NEGATIVES
NEGATIVES
Subject + told/said + that + subject +
Subject + can + not + verb +
could not + verb + complement
complement
They said that they could not climb a
“we can not climb a mountain”
mountain.
INTERROGATIVES INTERROGATIVES
Can + subject + verb + complement Subject + asked + if + subject + could
+? + verb + complement +?
“can you open the window, please?” They asked me if i could open the
window.

EXAMPLES:

CAN COULD
1. “ Allen can work tomorrow” 1. Debra said Allen could
work the next day.
2. “can you open the window, 2. He asked me if I could
please?” open the window.
3. Peter: “I can stay here until 3. He said that he could stay
sunday” there until sunday.
4. Mike: “I can do this alone” 4. He said that he could do
that alone.

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 5. Beth: “I can’t open this jar!” 5. She said that she couldn’t
open the jar.
6. Tommy: “He can’t come 6. The boy said that he
with us” couldn’t go with them.

VERBS USED
PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Ride Rode Ridden

Climb Climbed Climbed

Open Opened Opened

Work Worked Worked

Do Did Done

Stay Stayed Stayed

Come Came Come

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 CONCLUSION
At the conclusion of the realization of the present monograph we reached the

conclusion:

 The direct speech and the reported speech are used for different

situations.

 Direct speech is a more direct way of speaking.

 The reported speech is an indirect way of speaking.

 The will is used for direct speech, while it would be used for reported

speech.

 Can be used for direct speech, while the could be used for reported

speech.

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 BIBLIOGRAFIC
REFERENCES
 https://www.shertonenglish.com/es/gramatica/reported-speech/cambios-en-verbos-

modales Páginas: 9, 10, 12.

 https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-

speech/direct-and-reported-speech Página: 7.

 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech.html Páginas: 16, 17, 18.

 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/support-

files/reported_statements_future_simple.pdf Páginas: 16, 17, 18.

 http://www.learnesl.net/direct-and-indirect-speech/ Páginas: 9, 12.

 http://www.learnesl.net/direct-and-indirect-of-simple-future-tense/ Páginas: 9, 12.

 https://es.bab.la/conjugacion/ingles Páginas: 17, 18.

 http://www.studyandexam.com/indirect-speech-for-modal.html Páginas: 19, 20.

 https://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_reported_speech.htm Páginas: 19, 20.

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ANNEXES
WILL - WOULD

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VERBS USED
PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Do Did Done

Come Came Come

Meet Met Met

Be Was Been

Stop Stopped Stopped

Remember Remembered Remembered

Rain Rained Rained

Win Won Won

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Pass Passed Passed

Arrive Arrived Arrived

Cook Cooked Cooked

Get Got Gotten

Afford Afforded Afforded

Attend Attended Attended

Drink Drank Drunk

Vote Voted Voted

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 CAN - COULD
EXERCICES:
1. "I can stay here until Sunday"

He said that

2. "I can do this alone"

He said that

3. "I can't open this jar!"

She said that

4. "He can't come with us"

The boy said that

5. “I can’t hear you.”

He said

6. “I can’t come to the meeting”.

He said

7. “I can come to the meeting.”

You said that

8. Bryan: “I can’t chat because I’m working”.

Bryan said that

9. Juana : “I can help you tomorrow”

She said that

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VERBS USED

PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Do Did Done

Come Came Come

Stay Stayed Stayed

Open Opened Opened

Hear Heard Heard

Chat Chatted Chatted

Help Helped Helped

ANSWERS:
1. He said that he could stay there until Sunday.
2. He said that he could do that alone.
3. She said that she couldn't open the jar.
4. The boy said that he couldn't go with them.
5. He said he couldn’t hear me.
6. He said he couldn’t come to the meeting.
7. You said that you could come to the meeting.
8. Bryan said that he could not because he was working.
9. She said that she could help me tomorrow.

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