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AMELIORARE/DEZVOLTARE
1. Scrieți numerele reprezentate prin simbolurile și rigletele de mai jos.
o unitate o zece
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2. Experimentăm! Cum putem observa prezența aerului?
• Realizați următoarele experimente cu ajutorul doamnei învățătoare.
PASUL 1 PASUL 2
Umflați Fără să legați orificiul balonului, îndreptați-l
câteva spre o plantă, spre un șervețel ținut între degete
baloane. de un coleg sau spre părul unei colege,
ca în imagine.
• Formulați concluzii referitoare la prezența aerului.
PASUL 1 PASUL 2 PASUL 3

Turnați apă Scufundați în vasul Înclinați
într-un vas larg, cu apă un pahar incolor ușor paharul.
de sticlă. cu gura în jos.
• Ce ați observat? Ce reprezintă bulele care ies de sub pahar în apă?
PASUL 1 PASUL 2 PASUL 3

Aprindeți o Acoperiți lumânarea Așteptați
lumânare fixată aprinsă cu un vas 2-3 minute.
pe un suport. de sticlă.
• Cum arde lumânarea? • Ce se întâmplă cu flacăra? • De ce s-a stins lumânarea?

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SCĂDEREA NUMERELOR NATURALE DE LA 100 LA 1 000,
CU ÎMPRUMUT LA ORDINUL ZECILOR.
INFLUENȚA NEGATIVĂ A PLOII ȘI A GRINDINEI
Descoperim
1
• 981 – 122 = ? • Scădem unitățile: 1 – 2. Nu se poate pentru că 1 < 2.
• Luăm o zece și o transformăm în 10 unități.
• Scădem unitățile: 11 – 2 = 9.
• Scădem zecile: 7 – 2 = 5.
• Scădem sutele: 9 – 1 = 8.
• Obținem restul 859.
2 Ne informăm
• Ploaia poate avea urmări negative asupra plantelor,
animalelor şi a oamenilor atunci când cantitatea de apă este
foarte mare şi inundă pământul sau când este însoţită de furtuni.
• Căderea din nori a apei sub forma unor boabe de gheaţă
apărute la contactul dintre picăturile de apă şi o porţiune de
aer foarte rece se numeşte grindină. Aceasta poate distruge
plantele, în special culturile, și uneori poate fi periculoasă
pentru vieţuitoare.
Lucrăm în perechi
1. Calculează oral.
a) 12 – 6 b) 11 – 3 c) 42 – 5 d) 13 – 5 e) 643 – 325
2. Efectuează scăderile următoare prin reprezentarea pe numărătoare.
a) 593 – 245 b) 734 – 516 c) 956 – 728
3. Descăzutul este predecesorul lui 782. Scăzătorul este 367. Care este restul?
4. Într-un judeţ, grindina a afectat 332 de gospodării, iar în judeţul vecin a afectat cu 115 gospodării
mai puţine. Formulează întrebarea problemei astfel încât să se rezolve prin două operaţii.
Portofoliu
Căutați pe internet un articol despre o inundație care a avut loc în țara noastră.
38
SCĂDEREA NUMERELOR NATURALE DE LA 100 LA 1 000,
CU ÎMPRUMUT LA ORDINUL SUTELOR.
INFLUENȚA NEGATIVĂ A SECETEI ȘI A CANICULEI
Descoperim
1
• 327 – 153 = ? • Scădem unitățile: 7 – 3 = 4.
• Scădem zecile: 2 – 5. Nu se poate pentru că 2 < 5.
• Luăm o sută și o
transformăm în 10 zeci.
• Scădem zecile: 12 – 5 = 7.
• Scădem sutele: 2 – 1 = 1.
• Obținem restul 174.
2 Ne informăm
• Seceta reprezintă lipsa precipitaţiilor pentru o perioadă
lungă de timp. Deseori, aceasta este însoţită de caniculă, adică
o creştere foarte mare a temperaturii aerului.
• Căldura dogoritoare şi lipsa apei le pot dăuna plantelor
şi animalelor, deoarece apa este una dintre nevoile de bază ale
vieţuitoarelor.
• Oamenii pot reduce efectele secetei prin construirea unor
instalaţii speciale, numite sisteme de irigaţii.
Lucrăm
1. Efectuează scăderile următoare prin reprezentarea pe numărătoare.
a) 856 – 263 b) 742 – 371 c) 938 – 462
2. Află cu cât este mai mare numărul 948 decât fiecare dintre numerele:
a) 173; b) 365; c) 594; d) 656; e) 781; f) 452.
3. Descăzutul este un număr par cuprins între 835 şi 839, iar scăzătorul este primul număr impar
mai mic decât 245. Care este diferenţa lor?
4. Pentru a se diminua urmările secetei, în zona de câmpie s-au
montat 446 de sisteme de irigaţii, iar în zona de deal, cu 253 de
sisteme mai puţin. Câte sisteme de irigaţii s-au montat în total?
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