Blended learning

A student-centered approach that integrates learning experiences in online and face-to-face

environments
A student-centered approach to creating a learning experience whereby the learner interacts with
other students, with the instructor, and with content through thoughtful integration of online and face-
to-face environments

Ubiquitous learning
Learning at any time, at any place

Permanency
Learning materials are always available unless purposely deleted.

Accessibility
Access from everywhere as personally required

Immediacy
Wherever a student is, he/she can immediately access learning materials.

Interactivity
Online collaboration with teachers and/or peers (chat/blogs/forums)

Situated instructional activities

Learning in context (on-site).

Adaptability
Getting the right information at the right place for the right student.

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)

An online course that offers open access via the Internet for free or at a low cost; modeled after
existing college or university courses, but unlike these courses, most do not count for college credit

Prototype
The original model of something from which later forms are developed

an original model on which something is patterned

Design Thinking process

First defines the problem and then implements the solutions, always with the needs of the user
demographic at the core of concept development. This process focuses on needfinding,
understanding, creating, thinking, and doing. At the core of this process is a bias towards action and
creation: by creating and testing something, you can continue to learn and improve upon your initial
ideas.

Emphatize
Work to fully understand the experience of the user for whom you are designing. Do this through
observation, interaction, and immersing yourself in their experiences.

Define
Process and synthesize the findings from your empathy work in order to form a user point of view that
you will address with your design.

Ideate
Explore a wide variety of possible solutions through generating a large quantity of diverse possible
solutions, allowing you to step beyond the obvious and explore a range of ideas.

Prototype
Transform your ideas into a physical form so that you can experience and interact with them and, in
the process, learn and develop more empathy.
Test
Try out high-resolution products and use observations and feedback to refine prototypes, learn more
about the user, and refine your original point of view.

People media
Refers to persons that are involved in the use, analysis, evaluation and production of media and
information. The best example is a teacher inside the classroom.

People as media
People who are well-oriented to media sources and messages and able to provide information as
accurate and reliable as possible.

People in media
Media practitioners who provide information coming from their expert knowledge or first- hand
experience of event.

Commonality of both
Both are people media which means they are involved in the use, analysis, evaluation and production
of media and information. Both are people who provide information.

Differences of each
People in Media are media practitioners which means they are media related professionals while
people as media are not media practitioners but rather media users.

Opinion leaders
Is a leader for a certain group who gives details and information to lesser active persons in the group.
In office, the managing director is an opinion leader and in public, a political leader is an opinion
leader. They interpret the information to their own group. But one thing the Opinion leader is a leader
only for their own group not for all.

> highly exposed to and actively using media

> source of viable interpretation of messages for lower- end media users
> opinions are accepted by a group

Two-step Flow Communication Model

Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet

Citizen journalism
People without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern technology and internet
to create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in collaboration with others.

Social journalism
Journalists are using social media to make their content available to more people.

Journalist
A person who writes news stories or articles for a newspaper or magazine or broadcasts them on
radio or television

Journalism
The work of collecting, writing, and publishing news stories and articles in newspapers and
magazines or broadcasting them on the radio and television

Crowdsourcing
The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large
group of people and especially from the online community

Crowdsource Design
If you're looking for a logo design, you can tell a crowd of designers what you want, how much you
will pay, and your deadline.

Crowdfunding
Involves asking a crowd of people to donate money to your project

mostly used by artists, charities, & start-ups to raise money for projects such as filming a
documentary, manufacturing an ipod watch, cancer research, or seed money

Microtasks
Involves breaking work up into tiny tasks and sending the work to a crowd of people

Open Innovation
Allows people from all aspects of business such as investors, designers, inventors, and marketers to
collaborate into a functional profit making reality

brings together people from different parts of the world and different sectors of business to work
together on a project

Print Journalism
Usually report for newspapers or magazines

Photojournalism
They are more interested in capturing images that tell a story than ones that just look nice

Broadcast Journalism
Encompasses both television and radio news

Multimedia Journalism
The newest field of journalism and also the fastest-growing; can encompass all the fields listed above
because a web page can have a written story, still photos, video, and audio

Reporters
Gather information and present it in a written or spoken form in news stories, feature articles or
documentaries

may work on the staff of news organizations, but may also work freelance, writing stories for whoever
pays them

Sub-editors
Take the stories written by reporters and put them into a form which suits the special needs of their
particular newspaper, magazine, bulletin or web page

Their job is to concentrate on how the story can best be presented to their audience.

Photojournalists
Use photographs to tell the news

They either cover events with a reporter, taking photographs to illustrate the written story, or attend
news events on their own, presenting both the pictures and a story or caption.

Editor
Usually the person who makes the final decision about what is included in the newspaper, magazine
or news bulletins. He or she is responsible for all the content and all the journalists

News editor
The person in charge of the news journalists; may make all the decisions about what stories to cover
and who will do the work; may have a deputy, often called the chief of staff, whose special job is to
assign reporters to the stories selected

Feature writers
Work for newspapers and magazines, writing longer stories which usually give background to the
news

Specialist writers
May be employed to produce personal commentary columns or reviews of things such as books,
films, art or performances. They are usually selected for their knowledge about certain subjects or
their ability to write well.

Typography
One of the biggest foundations of design

Type says a lot and the way you choose to execute your type says even more.
Normal leading
Line spacing 1.15
Too tight leading
Line spacing 1.0
Too lose leading
Line spacing 1.5 and above
Leading
Line and font spacing
Left-alignment
Easiest to read for large bodies of type

Line
> defined as any linear marks
> can channel certain ideas too

Leading lines
A technique applied a lot in photography which do just what they claim - they lead the eye. Finding
and emphasizing these in your piece can allow you to direct the eye through the entire piece or to
certain focal points.

Straight lines
Evoke order and neatness

Wavy lines
Create movement

Zig-zagged lines
Imply tension or excitement
Scales
> deliberate sizing of individual elements
> help us make sense of designs and images

Color
> creates specific moods, atmospheres
> channels emotions and each shade has certain specific connotations associated with it

Contrasting color palettes

Create a much more vibrant, energetic and playful design

Complementing colors
Used to create a certain design with a uniting theme

Repetition
> crucial element when it comes to branding design
> keeps your branding consistent and tie your items together
> a key element when it comes to branding, but it can also make for beautiful one-off designs
> a key ingredient when it comes to creating patterns and textures

Negative space
Is the 'space in-between', the area between or around other elements that form its own shape

Symmetry
> we find these faces, patterns and designs generally more attractive, effective and beautiful
> used a lot in logos in order to create a harmonious and balanced design
Framing
Can enhance or draw attention to specific elements of your design

Contrast
> is the degree of difference between two elements of your design
> It has a great effect on readability and legibility as well.
> it can also act to draw the eye to certain elements of your design

Composition
Refers to the overall arrangement of elements in your design