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Section A [ 15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which is true about taxonomic hierarchy?

A The broadest taxon is phylum or division

B Different organisms within a class are from the same family
C Order is a taxon within a class and it consists of several families
D Different organisms within an order may belong to different classes.

2 Two types of insects X and Y are shown in the diagram below.

Which order are belong to those insects.

X Y
A Lepidoptera Diptera
B Diptera Lepidoptera
C Odonata Diptera
D Lepidoptera Odonata

3 Which is not true of in-situ conservation ?

A Collecting plants for botanical gardens

B Protecting Milky Stork in Kuala Gula, Perak
C Protecting orang-utans in their natural habitat
D Replanting mangrove plants in the same mangrove swamps

4 The result of 0.5m X 0.5m quadrat sampling of plants Ischaemum

muticum, Eleusine indica and Striga asiatica in a field are shown in the
table below.

Quadrat
1 2 3 4
Species
Striga asiatica 1 0 2 0
Eleusine indica 1 0 2 0
Ischaemum muticum 3 2 2 4

What is the relative species density of Ischaemum muticum in the field ?

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A 44.0
B 11.0
C 0.55
D 0.45

5 The grass primary productivity of producers in a terrestrial ecosystem is

4000 kJ m-2 y-1. The net primary productivity of producers is 1800 kJ m -2 y-1 .
If the efficiency of energy transfer from producers to herbivores is 10%
and to the next level is 20%, what is the amount of energy obtained by
secondary consumers ?

A 36 kJ m-2 y-1
B 80 kJ m-2 y-1
C 110 kJ m-2 y-1
D 360 kJ m-2 y-1

6 Which of the following is an example for the occurrence of large and small
beak sizes among seed crackers in the absence of medium-sized beaks ?

A Founder effect
B Disruptive selection
C Stabilizing selection
D Directional selection

7 Which factors are involved as prezygotic reproductive barriers ?

I Spatial isolation
II Hybrid breakdown
III Behavourial isolation
IV Reduced hybrid viability

A I and II
B I and III
C II and III
D I and IV

8 A rooster with grey feathers is mated with a hen of the same phenotype.
Among their offspring, 15 chicks are grey, 6 are black and 8 are white.
What is the simplest explanation for the inheritance of these colours in the
chicks ?

A Epistasis
B Pleiotropy
C Complete dominance
D Incomplete dominance

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9 In peas, a tall, yellow-seeded plant is crossed with a homozygous short,

green-seeded plant and yields:

303 Tall, green-seeded plants

299 Short, yellow-seeded plants
307 Tall, yellow-seeded plants
292 Short, green-seeded plants

What is most likely the genotype of the tall, yellow-seeded parent ?

A TTYY
B TTyy
C TtYy
D TTYy

10 The coat colour in mice is controlled by several alleles. C represents

normal colour, Cch Chinchilla colour, Ch Himalayan colour, and c an albino.
The hierarchy of dominance of allele is C > Cch > Ch > c.
If a cross between a chinchilla mice and a Himalayan mice produces
Chinchilla and Himalayan offspring in the ratio 1:1 , which is true of the
Parental genotypes of the mice ?

A Cch Cch X Ch Ch
B Cch Ch X Cch Ch
C Cch Ch X Ch Ch
D Cch c X Ch c

11 Haemophilia is caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome. In a

Population of 10,000 individuals, it was found that 8 females suffered from
the disease.
What is the percentage of the males in the population that are
haemophiliac?

A 0.0008 %
B 0.008 %
C 0.283 %
D 2.83 %

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12

Which is the segment labeled called “Leading strand” ?

A A
B B
C C
D D

13 A segment of a certain polypeptide chain in an enzyme is made up of the

following amino acid sequence.

.....ileu – pro – ser – pro – cys -, ....

The tRNA anticodons that code for the amino acids are as follows.

UGC : cys UCG : ser

CCG : pro AUU : ileu

What is the correct base of the DNA template that transcribed this
enzyme?

A AUU CCG UCG CCG UGC

B UAA GGC AGC GGC ACG
C ATT CCG TCG CCG TGC
D TAA GGC AGC GGC ACG

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14 Which of the following is true regarding screening using X-gal ?

I Antibiotics will prevent the growth of bacteria without plasmids.

II Bacterial cells with recombinant plasmids are resistant to antibiotics
And are unable to hydrolyse X-gal.
III Bacterial cells which contain non- recombinant plasmids are resistant to
Antibiotics and are able to hydrolyse X-gal.

A I only
B I and II
C II and III only
D I, II and III

15 The diagram below shows DNA fingerprints taken from four suspects. The left
column is the DNA banding pattern obtained from blood found at acrime scene.
When comparing the crime scene sample with the band patterns of the four
suspects, who is most likely the murderer?

A Bob
B Sue
C John
D Lisa

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Section B [ 15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section

16

(a) Name the process X,Y and Z.

[ 3 mark ]

X ...……………………………………………………………………………………………
Y ...……………………………………………………………………………………………
Z ...……………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Name the reservoir for phosphorus cycle found in the environment .
[ 1 mark ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………...........

(c) How can humans affect the phosphorus cycle?.

[ 2 marks ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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(d) How do consumer such as herbivores obtain their phosphate?

[ 1 mark ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

17 The diagrams below show is a sequence of DNA and two mutated sequences I and II..

CGT CTT GCA ATG CCT ATA TGG CGC

Mutation

I
CGT CAT GCA ATG CCT ATA TGG CGC

II
CGT CTT GCA ATG CCT ATA TGG GC

(a) What is meant by mutation?

[ 2 marks ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………...........
……………………………………………………………………………………………...........
……………………………………………………………………………………………...........

(b) What are the type of mutation in I and II ?

[ 2 marks ]

I ………………………………………………………………………………………………
II ………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name the genetic abnormality is caused by mutation I and II.

[ 2 marks ]

I ………………………………………………………………………………………………
II ………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(d) State two treatments that can be obtained by a person for sickle cell anemia.
[ 2 marks]

I ………………………………………………………………………………………………
II ………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C [ 30 marks ]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Class Insecta is very successful in distribution of species.

Describe their adaptive characteristics to different habitats that lead them to
their success.
[ 5 marks ]

(b) Human activities are the greatest threat to biodiversity in Malaysia.

(i) Describe the negative implications towards environment.

[ 6 marks ]

(ii) Suggest the actions which could be taken to help conserve

biodiversity .
[4 marks ]

19 (a) Explain how genetic factors give rise to variation.

[ 10 marks ]

(b) Explain the phenomena of bottleneck effect .

[ 5 marks ]

20 (a) When red flower Snapdragons ( Antirrhinum) are crossed with white flower
Snapdragons, all the F1 offspring show pink flowers. Using suitable diagram, explain
the result.
[ 7 marks ]

(b) When two yellow fur colour mice are cross, phenotypic ratio of F1 offspring show 2
yellow fur colour : 1 grey fur colour. Using suitable diagram, explain the result .
[ 8 marks ]

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