Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Project : OSCAR
Developer : Dhanya.P
Contents
1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors.
2. Rules of reflection for curved mirrors.
3. Mirror Equations
4. Characteristics of the image formed by a concave mirror
according to the position of the object .
5. Characteristics of the image formed by a convex mirror according
to the position of the object.
6. Interactive Session.
Various terms Associated with Spherical Mirrors
Spherical Mirror :A curved mirror formed by a part of
a hollow glass sphere with a reflecting surface (created
by depositing silver metal) is also referred to as a
spherical mirror.
Concave Mirror:A concave mirror is a curved mirror
with the reflecting surface on the hollow side (created by
depositing silver metal on the outer curved side).
Convex Mirror : A convex mirror is a curved mirror
with the reflecting surface on the outerside
Centre of Curvature : The centre of curvature of a curved mirror is
defined as the center of the hollow glass sphere of which the curved
mirror was (previously) a part.
Radius of curvature The radius of curvature of a curved mirror is
defined as the radius of the hollow glass sphere of which the
spherical mirror was (previously) a part. Note that any line drawn from
the center of curvature C to the mirror surface meets it at right
angle and equals the radius of curvature.
Principal Axis :The principal axis of a curved mirror is defined as the
imaginary line passing through its pole P and center of curvature C.
Focus :The principal focus is defined as the point on the principal axis
where the light rays traveling parallel to the principal axis after
reflection actually meet (for a concave mirror) or appear to meet (for a
convex mirror).
The principal focus is in front of the concave mirror and is
behind the convex mirror.
The focal length (denoted by FP in the figure) is the distance
between the pole P and the principal focus F of a curved mirror.
Note that the focal length is half the radius of curvature.
Focal Length = Radius of Curvature/2
Pole : The pole is defined as the geometric center of the curved
mirror.
Rules of Reflection for Curved Mirrors
1. Any light ray traveling parallel to the principal axis is
reflected by the curved mirror through the principal focus.
It either actually passes (for a concave mirror) or appears to
pass (for a convex mirror) through the principal focus.
2. Any light ray that passes (for a concave mirror) or
appears to pass (for a convex mirror) through the principal
focus is reflected by the curved mirror parallel to the
principal axis.
3. Any light ray that passes (for a concave mirror) or
appears to pass (for a convex mirror) through the
center of curvature retraces its initial path after
reflection by the curved mirror.
This is shown in Slide 7
Centre of curvature | | Focus
Pole
Mirror Equations
1/f = i/do + 1/di
Magnification (M) = di/do
f – Focal length of the mirror
di Distance of the image from the Pole
*f is +ve in the case of concave mirror.
*f is ve in the case of a convex mirror.
* di is +ve if the image is a real image and located on the
object's side of the mirror.
* di is ve if the image is a virtual image and located
behind the mirror.
Characteristics of the Image Formed by a Concave
Mirror According to the Position of the Object
When the object is at infinity in the case of a concave mirror,
the image formed has the following properties.
1. The image is real.
2. The image is inverted.
3. The image is highly diminished to a point.
4. The image is formed at the principal focus in front of the concave
mirror.
Object at Infinity
F
P
C
image
When the object is between infinity and the center
of curvature in front of a concave mirror,
the image formed has the following properties.
1. The image is real.
2. The image is inverted.
3. The image is diminished.
4. The image is formed between the principal focus and the
center of curvature in front of the concave mirror.
This is shown below
Object beyond the Centre of Curvature
object
P
|
C |
F
image
When the object is placed at the principal focus in front
of a concave mirror, the image formed has the
following properties.
1. The image is real.
2. The image is inverted.
3. The image is highly enlarged.
4. The image is formed at infinity in front of the concave mirror.
Object at the Principal Focus
object
P
| |
C F
When the object is placed between the pole and
the principal focus in front of a concave mirror,
the image formed has the following properties.
1. The image is virtual.
2. The image is erect.
3. The image is enlarged.
4. The image is formed behind the concave mirror.
Object between Pole and Principal Focus
Image
Object
| |F P
C
When the object is placed between the principal focus and the
center of curvature in front of a concave mirror,
the image formed has the following properties.
1. The image is real.
2. The image is inverted.
3. The image is enlarged.
4. The image is formed beyond the center of curvature in front of the
concave mirror, but not at infinity.
Object is between Centre of Curvature and Focus
Object
| |
C P
F
Image
When the object is placed at the center of curvature in
front of a concave mirror,the image formed has the
following properties.
1. The image is real.
2. The image is inverted.
3. The image is of the same size as the object.
4. The image is formed at the center of curvature in front of the
concave mirror.
Object is at the Centre of Curvature
Object
|C | P
F
Image
Image Formation by a Convex Mirror
Characteristics of the Image Formed according to the position of
the object
When the object is at Infinity
1. The image is virtual.
2. The image is erect
3. The image is highly diminished to a point
4. The image is formed at the principal focus behind the convex mirror.
When the object is anywhere between the pole and
infinity in front of the convex mirror
1. The image is virtual.
2. The image is erect.
3. The image is diminished.
4. The image is formed between the principal focus and the pole
behind the convex mirror.
When the object is anywhere between the pole and
infinity in front of the convex mirror
|
Image F |
Object C
Interactive Session
There will be a window having two buttons named ' Concave
Mirror' and 'Convex Mirror' . User can click any of them.
While clicking on the 'Concave Mirror' button, a concave mirror,
object and its image will be displayed in the window. (This is shown
in slide 25)
User can change the position of the object along the principal axis
of the concave mirror by clicking the bottom of the object and
dragging the mouse along the principal axis. and can see how the
image is formed accordingly. The conditions that he can distinguish
in the case of a concave mirror are
1. Object at infinity
2. Object between infinity and C
3. Object at C
4. Object between C and F
5. Object at F
6. Object between F and P
If the user clicks on the 'Convex Mirror' button,
then a convex mirror, and object and its image will be
shown.
User can change the position of the object in front of the
mirror along the principal axis by dragging the mouse
horizontally.
(Clicked)
Concave Mirror Convex Mirror
Object
| |
C P
F
Image
THE END