Exercise 2.

10 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0

Question # 1 d 2S
= 4 …….. (ii)
Find two positive integers whose sum is dx 2
30 and their product will be maximum. For stationary points put
dS
=0
Solution dx
Let x and 30 − x be two positive ⇒ 4 x − 40 = 0 ⇒ 4 x = 40
integers and P denotes product integers ⇒ x = 10
then Putting value of x in (ii)
P = x(30 − x) d 2S
= 4 >0
= 30x − x 2 dx 2 x =10
Diff. w.r.t. x ⇒ S is minimum at x = 10
dP Other integer = 20 − x = 20 − 10 = 10
= 30 − 2 x ……. (i)
dx Hence 10, 10 are the two parts of 20 .
Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2P Question # 3
= − 2 …… (ii) Find two positive integers whose sum is
dx 2
dP 12 and the product of one with the
For critical points, put =0 square of the other will be maximum.
dx
⇒ 30 − 2 x = 0 Solution
⇒ − 2 x = −30 ⇒ x = 15 Let x and 12 − x be two + tive
Putting value of x in (ii) integers and P denotes product of one
d 2P with square of the other then
= −2 < 0
P = x (12 − x )
2
dx 2 x = 2
⇒ P is maximum at x = 15 (
⇒ P = x 144 − 24 x + x 2 )
Other + tive integer = 30 − x = x3 − 24 x 2 + 144 x
= 30 − 15 = 15 Diff. w.r.t x
Hence 15 and 15 are the required dP
= 3x 2 − 48 x + 144 ... (i)
positive numbers. dx
Question # 2 Again diff. w.r.t x
Divide 20 into two parts so that the sum d 2P
= 6 x − 48 … (ii)
of their squares will be minimum. dx 2
dP
Solution For critical points put =0
dx
Let x be the part of 20 then other
3 x 2 − 48 x + 144 = 0
is 20 − x .
⇒ x 2 − 16 x + 48 = 0
Let S denotes sum of squares then
⇒ x 2 − 4 x − 12 x + 48 = 0
S = x 2 + ( 20 − x )
2

⇒ x ( x − 4 ) − 12 ( x − 4 ) = 0
= x 2 + 400 − 40 x + x 2
= 2 x 2 − 40 x + 400
⇒ ( x − 4 )( x − 12 ) =0

Diff. w.r.t x ⇒ x = 4 or x = 12
dS We can not take x = 12 as sum of
= 4 x − 40 …… (i)
dx integers is 12 . So put x = 4 in (ii)
Again diff. w.r.t x
FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 2

d 2P ⇒ x + y = 16 − 6 ⇒ x + y = 10
= 6(4) − 48
dx 2 x=4
⇒ y = 10 − x …….. (i)
= 24 − 48 = − 24 < 0 Now suppose A denotes the square of
⇒ P is maximum at x = 4 . the area of triangle then
So the other integer = 12 − 4 = 8 A = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Hence 4, 8 are the required integers. a+b+c 6+ x+ y
Where s = =
2 2
6 + x + 10 − x
Alternative Method: (by Irfan = from (i)
2
Mehmood: Fazaia Degree College 16
Risalpur) = = 8
2
Let x and 12 − x be two positive integers So A = 8 ( 8 − 6 )( 8 − x )( 8 − y )
and P denotes product of one with
= 8 ( 2 )( 8 − x )( 8 − 10 + x )
square of the other then
P = x 2 (12 − x ) = 16 ( 8 − x )( −2 + x )

⇒ P = 12 x 2 − x3 ( )
= 16 −16 + 2 x + 8 x − x 2
Diff. w.r.t x ⇒ A = 16 ( −16 + 10 x − x ) 2

dP
= 24 x − 3x 2 ……. (i) Diff. w.r.t x
dx
dA
Again diff. w.r.t x = 16 (10 − 2 x ) ……… (i)
dx
d 2P Again diff. w.r.t x
= 24 − 6 x ……. (ii)
dx 2 d2A
dP = 16 ( −2 ) = − 32
For critical points put =0 dx 2
dx
dA
24 x − 3 x 2 = 0 For critical points put =0
dx
⇒ 3x ( x − 8) = 0 16 (10 − 2 x ) = 0
⇒ x = 0 or x = 8 ⇒ (10 − 2 x ) = 0 ⇒ − 2 x = − 10
We cannot take x = 0 as given integers ⇒ x=5
are positive. So put x = 8 in (ii) Putting value of x in (ii)
d 2P d2A
= 24 − 6(8) = − 32 < 0
dx 2 x =8 dx 2 x =5
= 24 − 48 = − 24 < 0
⇒ A is maximum at x = 5
⇒ P is maximum at x = 8 .
Putting value of x in (i)
So the other integer = 12 − 8 = 4 y = 10 − 5 = 5
Hence 4, 8 are the required integers. Hence length of remaining sides of
Question # 4 triangles are 5cm and 5cm .
The perimeter of a triangle is 16cm . If Question # 5
one side is of length 6cm, What are Find the dimensions of a rectangle of
length of the other sides for maximum largest area having perimeter 120cm.
area of the triangle. Solution
Solution Let x and y
Let the remaining sides of the be the length and
triangles are x and y breadth of rectangle, y
Perimeter = 16 then
⇒ 6 + x + y = 16 Area = A = xy ….. (i) x
 FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 3

Perimeter = 120
⇒ x + x + y + y = 120
dP
dx (
= 2 1 − 36 x −2 … (ii) )
⇒ 2 x + 2 y = 120 Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2P
⇒ x + y = 60
dx 2 (
= 2 0 − 36 −2 x −3 ( ))
⇒ y = 60 − x ……. (ii)
Putting in (i) = 2 72 x −3 (
=
144
x3
)
A = x ( 60 − x )
dP
For critical points put =0
⇒ A = 60 x − x 2 dx
Diff. w.r.t x
dA
( ) 36
2 1 − 36 x −2 = 0 ⇒ 1 − 2 = 0
x
= 60 − 2 x ……….. (iii)
dx 36
⇒ 1= 2 ⇒ x 2 = 36 ⇒ x = ± 6
Again diff. w.r.t x x
d2A Since length can not be negative
= − 2 ………… (iv)
dx 2 therefore
dA x=6
For critical points put =0
dx Putting value of x in (ii)
60 − 2 x = 0 ⇒ − 2 x = − 60 d 2P 144
⇒ x = 30 = > 0
dx 2 ( 6)
3
x =6
Putting value of x in (iv)
Hence P is minimum at x = 6 .
d2A
= −2 < 0 Putting in eq. (i)
dx 2 x =30
36
⇒ A is maximum at x = 30 y = = 6
6
Putting value of x in (ii) Hence 6cm and 6cm are the lengths of
y = 60 − 30 = 30 the sides of the rectangle.
Hence dimension of rectangle is 30cm, Question # 7
30cm. A box with a square base and open top
Question # 6 is to have a volume of 4 cubic dm. Find
Find the lengths of the dimensions of the box which will
the sides of a require the least material.
y
variable rectangle Solution
having area 36cm 2
x Let x be the
when its perimeter
is minimum. lengths of the sides of
Solution the base and y be the
Let x and y be the length and height of the box. y
breadth of the rectangle then Then Volume
Area = xy = x⋅ x⋅ y x
⇒ 36 = xy ⇒ 4 = x y 2
x
4
⇒ y = 36 … (i) ⇒ y = 2 … (i)
x x
Now perimeter = 2 x + 2 y Suppose S denotes the surface area of
⇒ P = 2 x + 2 36 ( x) the box, then
S = x 2 + 4 xy
(
= 2 x + 36 x −1
)  4 
Diff. P w.r.t x ⇒ S = x2 + 4 x  2 
x 
FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 4

⇒ S = x 2 + 16 x −1 lining the inside of the tank with lead

Diff. S w.r.t x will be least.
dS Solution
= 2 x − 16 x −2 ... (ii)
dx Let y be the height of the open
Again diff. w.r.t x tank.
d 2S
dx 2
(
= 2 − 16 −2 x −3 ) Then Volume = x ⋅ x ⋅ y
⇒ V = x2 y
32
= 2 + 3 … (iii) V
x ⇒ y = 2 ……….. (i)
x
dS
For critical points, put =0 If S denotes the surface area the open
dx
16 tank, then
2 x − 16 x −2 = 0 ⇒ 2 x − 2 = 0 S = x 2 + 4 xy
x
2 x − 16
3
V 
⇒ = 0 = x2 + 4 x  2 
x2 x 
−1
⇒ 2 x3 − 16 = 0 ⇒ 2 x3 = 16 ⇒ S = x + 4Vx
2

⇒ x3 = 8 ⇒ x= 2 Diff. w.r.t x
Putting in (ii) dS
= 2 x − 4Vx −2 …….. (ii)
d 2S 32 dx
= 2+ > 0 Again diff. w.r.t x
dx 2 ( 2)
3
x =2
d 2S
⇒ S is min. when x = 2 dx 2
= 2 − 4V −2 x −3 ( )
Putting value of x in (i) 8V
= 2 + 3 …………. (iii)
4 x
y = = 1
( 2)
2
dS
For critical points, put =0
dx
Hence 2dm, 2dm and 1dm are the
4V
dimensions of the box. 2 x − 4Vx −2 = 0 ⇒ 2x − 2 = 0
x
Question # 8 2 x − 4V
3

Find the dimensions of a rectangular ⇒ 2

= 0 ⇒ 2 x3 − 4V = 0
x
garden having perimeter 80 meters if its ⇒ 2 x = 4V
3
⇒ x 3 = 2V
area is to be maximum. 1
⇒ x = ( 2V ) 3
Solution
Do yourself as question # 5. Putting in (ii)
Question # 9 d 2S 8V
= 2+
dx 2
( )
1 3
1
x =( 2V ) 3
( 2V ) 3
8V
= 2+ = 2+4 = 6 > 0
2V
1
⇒ S is minimum when x = ( 2V ) 3
y x3
i.e. x3 = 2V ⇒ V=
2
x Putting in (i)
x x3
An open tank of square base of side x y = 2 = x
2
x 2
and vertical sides is to be constructed to
x
contain a given quantity of water. Find Hence height of the open tank is .
2
the depth in terms of x if the expense of
 FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 5

Since x can not be zero or − ive,

Question # 10 therefore
Find the dimensions of the rectangular x = 4 2
of maximum area which fits inside the Putting in (iv)
semi-circle of radius 8cm
d2 f
( )
2
= 512 − 48 4 2
dx 2 x=4 2
= 512 − 48 ( 32 ) = 512 − 1536
= − 1024 < 0
⇒ Area is max. for x = 4 2
Solution
Hence length = 2x = 2 4 2 ( )
Let 2 x & y be dimension of
( )
2
rectangle. Breadth = y = 64 − 4 2
Then from figure, using Pythagoras = 64 − 32 = 32 = 4 2
theorem
Hence dimension is 8 2 cm and
x 2 + y 2 = 82
4 2 cm.
⇒ y 2 = 64 − x 2 ……….. (i)
Now Area of the rectangle is given by Question # 11
A = 2x ⋅ y Find the point on the curve y = x 2 − 1
Squaring both sides that is closest to the point ( 3, −1)
A2 = 4 x 2 y 2 Solution
Let P ( x, y ) be point and let
(
= 4 x 2 64 − x 2 ) A ( 3, −1) .
= 256 x 2 − 4 x 4
( x − 3) + ( y + 1)
2 2
Now suppose Then d = AP =
= ( x − 3) + ( y + 1)
2 2
f = A2 = 256 x 2 − 4 x 4 ……….. (ii) ⇒ d2
Diff. w.r.t x
= ( x − 3) + ( x 2 − 1 + 1)
2 2
df
= 512 x − 16 x3 ……….. (iii)
dx ∵ y = x 2 − 1 (given)
Again diff. w.r.t x
⇒ d 2 = ( x − 3) + x 4
2
d2 f
2
= 512 − 48 x 2 ………. (iv) Let f = d 2 = ( x − 3) + x 4 .
2
dx
df Diff. w.r.t x
For critical points, put = 0 df
dx = 2 ( x − 3) + 4 x3 ………… (i)
⇒ 512 x − 16 x3 = 0 dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
( )
⇒ 16 x 32 − x 2 = 0
d2 f
= 2 + 12 x 2 ……… (ii)
⇒ 16 x = 0 or 32 − x 2 = 0 dx 2

⇒ x = 0 or x 2 = 32 df
For stationary points, put = 0
dx
⇒ x = ±4 2
2 ( x − 3) + 4 x3 = 0
FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 6

⇒ 2 x − 6 + 4 x3 = 0 −2 ± −20
=
⇒ 4 x3 + 2 x − 6 = 0 4
This is complex and not acceptable.
⇒ 2 x3 + x − 3 = 0 ÷ ing by 2 Now put x = 1 in (ii)
By synthetic division d2 f
2
= 2 + 12(1) 2 = 14 > 0
dx x=1
1 2 0 1 -3
↓ 2 2 3 ⇒ d is minimum at x = 1 .
2 2 3 0 Also y = 12 − 1 = 0 .
Hence (1,0 ) is the required point.
[

⇒ x =1 or 2x + 2x + 3 = 0
2 Question # 12
Find the point on the curve y = x 2 + 1
−2 ± 4 − 4(2)(3) that is closest to the point (18,1)
⇒ x =
4 Solution
Do yourself as Q # 11

Error Analyst
Ubaid ur Rehman 2014-16 Govt. College, Attock.
Irfan Mehmood 2014-16 Fazaia Degree College Risalpur.
Asma Mussarat 2014-16 Fazaia Degree College Risalpur.
Abdul Jabbar 2014-16 IMCB F-8/4, Islamabad.
Hussnain Nisar 2014-16 Fazaia Degree College Risalpur.
Kiran Javed 2014-16 Fazaia Degree College Risalpur.
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Book: Exercise 2.10
Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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