INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Which statement is true?

a) Chemistry is concerned with describing and explaining the different forms of matter
b) Energy is a concern of chemistry
c) Chemistry plays a role in other sciences
d) All of the above
2. We owe the original idea about atoms to
a) Leucippus and Democritus
b) John Dalton
c) Aristotle
d) Albert Einstein

Justification: Greek philosophers Leucippus and Democritus first developed the concept of the
atom in the 5th century B.C.E. (sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/history-atom-ancient-greeks)

3. Which of the following is a chemical change

a) Melting lead
b) Evaporating water
c) Souring of milk
d) Solidifying lava

Justification: If it states that a new substance was formed OR it says that any kind of chemical
reaction took place, than it was a chemical change. (chemistry_taks_review)

4. As the water boils, the temperature

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant at 100˚C until all is changed to vapour
d) varies
5. According to Dalton’s Atomic theory, the fundamental particle of matter is the
a) Electronws
b) Atom
c) Proton
d) Neutron

Justification: According to Dalton’s Atomic theory the fundamental particle of matter is the atom.

6. It is the term used to describe the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated
chamber
a. Florescence
b. Effusion
c. Diffusion
d. Dilution

Justification: Effusion is the term used to describe the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into
an evacuated chamber. (Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Steven S. Zumdhal)

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
7. Which of the following is/are the characteristics of gases?
a. High compressibility
b. Indefinite volume
c. Relatively large distance between molecules
d. All of these

Justification: High compressibility, relatively large distances between molecules and indefinite
volume regardless of the nature of gases.

8. Which of the following is impossible for an ideal gas?

a. V1/V2 = T1/T2
b. V1/T1 = V2/T2
c. V1T1 = V2T2
d. V2 = T2V2/T1

Justification: When the ideal gas equation is to be furthered analysed it cannot be derived to an
equation like multiplying a volume to a temperature taking into consideration that all other
parameters were to be held constant.

9. At constant temperature, the volume of a sample of a gas varies inversely with pressure.
This is a statement of
a. Charles’ Law
b. Avogadro’s Law
c. Boyle’s Law
d. Amonton’s Law

Justification: According to Boyle’s Law for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the
volume is inversely proportional to the pressure. (Physical Chemistry Guide)

10. According to this law, the densities of gases are proportional to their molecular weights.
a. Charles’ Law
b. Boyle’s Law
c. Avogadro’s Law
d. Amonton’s Law

Justification: Avogadro's Law (Avogadro's theory; Avogadro's hypothesis) is a principle stated in

1811 by the Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) that "equal volumes of gases at the
same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their
chemical nature and physical properties".

11. The bond that results from the mutual sharing of electrons is
a. Ionic
b. Metallic
c. Covalent
d. Electrovalent

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Justification: Covalent bonds consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the
atoms in a fixed orientation. Relatively high energies are required to break them (50 - 200
kcal/mol).

12. The type of bond that is most likely to contain a covalent bond is
a. One that is composed of a metal from the far left of the periodic table and a non-
metal from the far right of the periodic table
b. A solid metal
c. One that is composed of only non-metals
d. Held together by electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions

Justification: Molecules that have covalent linkages include the inorganic substances hydrogen,
nitrogen, chlorine, water, and ammonia (H2, N2, Cl2, H2O, NH3) together with all
organic compounds. In structural representations of molecules, covalent bonds are indicated by
solid lines connecting pairs of atoms

13. Mixing solutions of potassium chromate (K2CrO4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) yields this
precipitate that does not contain potassium and nitrate ions.
a. Ag2CrO4
b. Ag(CrO4)
c. AgCrO4
d. Ag2(CrO4)3

Justification: K2CrO4 + AgNO3 ↔ Ag2CrO4 + KNO3

14. In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in

a. Alphabetical order
b. Increasing metallic properties
c. Increasing atomic number
d. Increasing neutron content
15. Credit for establishing the first periodic arrangement of elements is given to
a. Bohr and Summerfield
b. Mendeleev and Meyer
c. Dalton and Chadwick
d. Odling and Rutherford

Justification: The modern periodic table is credited to Dmitri Mendeleev; his table is based on
periodic law, which states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing mass, certain
properties recur periodically. In the table, masses increase from left to right, and elements with
similar properties fall in the same columns

16. In the modern periodic table, the rows are called ______ and the columns are called
______
a. Octaves, groups
b. Periods, groups
c. Staffs, families

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
d. Families, groups
17. An element in the upper right corner of the periodic table is
a. Either a metal or metalloid
b. Definitely a metalloid
c. Definitely a metal
d. Definitely a non-metal

Justification: Most elements that are located at the upper right corner of the periodic table are
non-metal because most of them were gases.

18. Elements of this type are characterized by atoms in which all subsidiary quantum levels
that are present are filled up to capacity
a. Transition
b. Inert gases
c. Representative
d. Halogen

Justification: Inert gases are known for their valence electrons being filled with their capacity.

19. These elements are also known as the s and p block elements
a. Transition
b. Inert gases
c. Representative
d. Halogen
20. It is the energy needed to remove the most loosely held electrons from an isolated atom
a. Ionization energy
b. Electron affinity
c. Electronegativity
d. Kinetic

Justification: The energy needed to remove the most loosely held electrons from an isolated atom.

21. It is the ability of a bonded atom to attract electrons toward it when combined with different
atoms
a. Ionization energy
b. Electron affinity
c. Electronegativity
d. Kinetic

Justification: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself.

22. When electrons are gained by an atom, a _____ ion is formed.

a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Polyatomic
d. None of these

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Justification: A positive ion or commonly known as a cation is formed when electrons were gained
by an atom.

23. Elements belonging to this group in the periodic table forms ions with 2+ charge.
a. Halogens
b. Chalcogens
c. Alkaline earth metals
d. Alkali metals

Justification: Group 2A (or IIA) of the periodic table are the alkaline earth metals: beryllium (Be),
magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). They are harder
and less reactive than the alkali metals of Group 1A. The name comes from the fact that the
oxides of these metals produced basic solutions when dissolved in water, and they remained
solids at the temperatures available to the ancient alchemists. Like the Group 1A elements, the
alkaline earth metals are too reactive to be found in nature in their elemental form. The alkaline
earth metals have two valence electrons in their highest-energy orbitals (ns2). They are smaller
than the alkali metals of the same period, and therefore have higher ionization energies. In most
cases, the alkaline earth metals are ionized to form a 2+ charge.

24. Rutherford goldfoil’s experiment

a. Confirmed the plum pudding model of the atom
b. Lead to the discovery of the atomic nucleus
c. Was the basis of Thomson’s model of the atom
d. Lead to the discovery of the electron

Justification: The data generated from the gold foil experiment demonstrated that the plum
pudding model of the atom was incorrect. The way in which the positive particles bounced off the
thin foil indicated that the majority of the mass of an atom was concentrated in one small region.
Because the majority of the positive particles continued on their original path unmoved, Rutherford
correctly deducted that most of the remainder of the atom was empty space. Rutherford termed
his discovery "the central charge," a region later named the nucleus.

25. It is spontaneous emission of radiation

a. Fuorescence
b. Phosphorescence
c. Pitchblend
d. Radioactivity

Justification: If the excitation is affected by the absorption of radiation the spontaneous emission
is called fluorescence.

26. He proposed that the subdivision of matter would eventually lead to the formation of atoms
a. Democritus
b. Aristotle
c. Dalton
d. Rutherford

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Justification: Dalton’s experiments with gases led to some of the earliest measurements of atomic
masses and a concept of atomic structure and reactivity. Dalton’s atomic theory contained the
following ideas:

o All atoms of a given element are identical.

o The atoms of different elements vary in mass and size.
o Atoms are indestructible. Chemical reactions may result in their rearrangement, but
not their creation or destruction.

Dalton also outlined a law of multiple proportions, which described how reactants will combine in
set ratios. Like the early philosophers, Dalton’s theories were not popularly accepted for much of
the 19thcentury, but his ideas have since been accepted, with amendments addressing subatomic
particles and the interconversion of energy and mass.

27. This ray cannot be deflected by a magnetic and electric field

a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Gamma
d. X-ray

Justification: Gamma radiation is from neutrons - they have no charge so the electromotive
forces of the EMF have no effect on the gamma rays. The gamma waves could impart an
electrical or magnetic effect on the EMF but it would be more like the inductance of an
aluminum wire passing through a magnetic field but less intense

28. The radioactive particle with a charge of 2+ is the

a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Gamma
d. X-ray

Justification: Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a
particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus. They are generally produced in the process of alpha
decay, but may also be produced in other ways. Alpha particles are named after the first letter in
the Greek alphabet, α. The symbol for the alpha particle is α or α2+. Because they are identical to
helium nuclei, they are also sometimes written as He2+ or 42He2+ indicating a helium ion with a +2
charge (missing its two electrons). If the ion gains electrons from its environment, the alpha
particle becomes a normal (electrically neutral) helium atom 42He.

29. The building block of matter is the

a. Molecule
b. Ion
c. Atom
d. Compound
30. Aqua regia was a liquid used by alchemists to separate silver from gold. Was it a/an
a. Element

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
b. Compound
c. Mixture
d. Alloy

Justification: Aqua regia was a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid
(HCl) and was used to dissolve gold, which would leave silver.

31. A dish is given to you, which contains a blackish-yellow powder. When you move a magnet
over it, you are amazed to see black particles (which you found out are iron) fly upwards
and get stuck to the magnet, and all that is left in the dish is a yellow powder, which you
discovered to be sulphur. Was your original powder an/a
a. Element
b. Compound
c. Mixture
d. Juice

Justification: The powder was a mixture of sulphur, which is yellow in colour, and iron, which is
magnetic and blackish in colour. When the magnet was passed over the mixture, the iron got
attracted to it, leaving the sulphur in the dish. Hence in mixtures, the properties of the
constituents aren't lost.

32. My friend and I took some hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and mixed it in
controlled conditions. What should we get as a product?
a. Salt only
b. Water only
c. Sodium hydrochlorate
d. Salt and water

Justification: HCl is an acid and NaOH is an alkali and the property of acids and alkalis is :
ACID+ALKALI- SALT+WATER. Therefore, I should have a salt and water solution. This process
is also called neutralisation.

33. You are given a piece of unknown solid.it is shiny and resembles a piece of silver. Latter
you noticed that the solid is covered with a black coating. This may suggest that
a. Dust particles landed on it
b. A chemical change occurred on the solid
c. A physical change occurred on the solid
d. The solid attracted the other black solid
34. Which of the following is exact
a. The number of soda cans in a case
b. The diameter of a one peso coin
c. The volume of milk in a gallon jug
d. The mass of a 12-oz bag of potato chips
35. Some bottles of colorless liquids were being labelled when the technician accidentally
mixed them up and lost track of their contents. A 15.0mL sample drawn from one bottle
weighed 22.3 g. The technician knew that the liquid was either acetone, benzene,

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride (which have densities of 0.792 g/cu. cm, 0.899 g/cu.
cm, 1.489 g/cu. cm, and 1.595 g/cu. cm, respectively). What was the identity of the liquid?
a. Acetone
b. Chloroform
c. Benzene
d. Carbon tetrachloride
22.3 𝑔
Justification: 𝜌 = = 1.486667 ≅ 1.489 𝑔/𝑚𝑙, the liquid was Chloroform.
15 𝑚𝑙

36. No two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers. This statement is
known as
a. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
b. Hund’s Rule of maximum Multiplicity
c. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
d. De Broglie’s maximum Principle

Justification: Pauli’s exclusion principle: no two electrons in an atom can have the same 4
quantum numbers. Since 2 electrons occupying the same orbital have 3 identical quantum
numbers (n, l, and ml), they must have different spin numbers. Since there are only two values of
ms, the Pauli’s exclusion principle implies that each orbital can have a maximum of only 2
electrons, with opposing spins.

37. An atomic orbital

a. May contain a maximum of eight electrons
b. Is always spherical in shape
c. Contains an orderly arrangement of protons and neutrons
d. May contain not more than two electrons of opposite sign
38. Sublevels are filled up in increasing energy. This statement explains the
a. Aufbau’s Principle
b. Heisenberg’s Principle
c. Hund’s Principle
d. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Justification: Aufbau’s principle states that electrons will fill the lower energy levels before moving
to higher energy orbitals. (study.com/academy/lesson/atomic-structures-pauli-exclusion-
principle)

39. The maximum number of electrons that the third main energy level can contain is
a. 8
b. 10
c. 18
d. 32

Justification: Since there are 9 orbitals in the third main energy level and an orbital consist of 2
electrons.

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
40. Which set of quantum numbers represents an impossible situation?
a. N = 5;ml=0
b. N=4; l=2
c. L=1; ms=1/2
d. L=0; ml=1

Justification: n=5, l=0, ml =0, ms = - ½

Source:http://www.chemunlimited.com/QUANTUM%20NUMBERS%20WORKSHEET%20answ
ers.pdf

41. There are ____ orbitals in the third energy level.

a. 9
b. 1
c. 3
d. 4
42. Based on Pauli’s exclusion Principle, what is the maximum number of electrons that can
be present in the fourth shell?
a. 8
b. 14
c. 18
d. 32
43. What three quantum numbers are permissible for a 3p orbital. The answers are expressed
as (n,l,ml)
a. (3,0,0)
b. (3,1,1)
c. (3,2,-1)
d. (3,1,-1)

Justification: n=3, l=1, ml =1, ms =+1/2

Source:http://www.chemunlimited.com/QUANTUM%20NUMBERS%20WORKSHEET%20answ
ers.pdf

44. An element with seven valence electrons is a/an

a. Alkali metal
b. Halogen
c. Alkaline earth metal
d. Inert gas

Justification: This family of elements has seven valence electrons with its outer most electrons
being located in a s2p5 orbital

45. An element with an ns2np6 configuration is a/an

a. Alkali metal

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
b. Halogen
c. Alkaline earth metal
d. Inert gas

Justification: The elements who have their electron configuration of ns2np6 are inert gases or
noble gases since the outermost layer is filled and is obeying the octet rule.

46. Which of the following elements belongs to the d-block of the periodic table?
a. Magnesium (Group 2A, period 3)
b. Scandium (Group 3A, period 4)
c. Aluminium (Group 3B, period 3)
d. Krypton (Group 8A, period 4)

Justification: Scandium--21 [Transition metal]; Atomic Mass: 44.95591 amu; Group 3, d-block [Ar],
4s2, 4d1

47. The reactant that is completely consumed when a reaction goes to completion is the
a. Excess reactant
b. Product
c. Limiting reactant
d. Reactant

Justification: When the limiting reagent is consumed completely. Limiting reagent is the one
consumed first in the chemical reaction .

48. The quantity of product calculated to result from chemical reaction is the
a. Actual yield
b. Percentage yield
c. Theoretical yield
d. Limiting reactant

Justification: In a chemical reaction the quantity of product calculated to result from a chemical
reaction is the theoretical yield. (Chemistry Guide)

49. The actual yield can never be greater than the theoretical yield because
a. Part of the reactants may not react
b. Part of the reactant may react in a different way from the desired product (side
reaction)
c. It is impossible to recover all the reaction product/s from the reaction mixture
d. All of the above

Justification: Chemical reaction equations give the ideal stoichiometric relationship among
reactants and products. Thus, the theoretical yield can be calculated from reaction
stoichiometry. For many chemical reactions, the actual yield is usually less than the theoretical
yield, understandably due to loss in the process or inefficiency of the chemical reaction.
(science.uwaterloo)

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
50. A saturated solution
a. Contains as much solvent as it can hold
b. Contains dissolved solute in equilibrium with undissolved solids
c. Will rapidly precipitate if seed crystals is added
d. Contains no double bonds

Justification: A saturated solution contains dissolved solute in equilibrium with undissolved

solids.

51. In general, the solubility of _____ in water decreases as temperature increases.

a. Liquids
b. Gases
c. Solids
d. All of these

Justification: If the heat given off in the dissolving process is greater than the heat required to
break apart the solid, the net dissolving reaction is exothermic. The addition of more heat
(increases temperature) inhibits the dissolving reaction since excess heat is already being
produced by the reaction. This situation is not very common where an increase in temperature
produces a decrease in solubility. But is the case for sodium sulfate and calcium hydroxide.
(chem.fsu.edu)

52. Addition of a non-volatile solute to a solvent causes which one of the following to change
by the greatest amount?
a. Boiling point
b. Vapour pressure
c. Osmotic pressure
d. Freezing point

Justification: This phenomenon can explain osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure, students must
be reminded, is not what drives osmosis, but is rather the hydrostatic pressure that must be
applied to the more concentrated solution (more dilute solvent) in order to stop osmotic flow of
solvent into the solution. The effect of this pressure Π is to slightly increase the spacing of solvent
energy states on the high-pressure (dilute-solvent) side of the membrane to match that of the
pure solvent, restoring osmotic equilibrium.

53. As the concentration of a solute in a solution increases, the freezing point of the solution
____ and the vapour pressure of the solution ____.
a. Increases, increases
b. Decreases, increases
c. Increases, decreases
d. Decreases, decreases

Justification: As per the colligative properties of solutions, the vapour pressure is directly
proportional to the solute’s concentration, while the freezing point is indirectly proportional to the
solute’s concentration. (Chemistry Guide)

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
54. A solution contains 10% ethanol, 25% butanol, 40% propanol and 25% methanol. What is
the solvent?
a. Ethanol
b. Methanol
c. Butanol
d. Propanol
55. It is a set of postulates used to explain how reactions occur.
a. Ionic theory
b. Le Chatelier’s Principle
c. Collision theory
d. Ang’s theory

Justification: Le Chatelier’s Priciple states that a change in pressure, temperature, and volume
can change how the reaction shifts.

56. As the temperature of a reaction is increased, the rate of reaction increases because the
a. Reactant molecules collide less frequently
b. Reactant molecules collide with greater energy
c. Activation energy is lowered
d. Reactant molecules collide with less energy

Justification: Increasing the temperature increases reaction rates because of the

disproportionately large increase in the number of high energy collisions. It is only these collisions
(possessing at least the activation energy for the reaction) which result in a reaction.

57. A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding is said to be _____ and has
a _____ value of ΔH.
a. Endothermic, positive
b. Endothermic, negative
c. Exothermic, negative
d. Exothermic, positive

Justification: Chemical reactions that absorbs heat from the surrounding are known as
endothermic reactions and has a positive vale of ΔH on the part of the reaction.

58. A catalyst is a substance that

a. Increases the rate of reaction
b. Is independent on the concentrations of the reactions
c. Has no effect on the activation energy
d. Is recovered chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction

Justification: The catalyst lowers the activation energy, it does not change the energies of the
original reactants or products.[6] Rather, the reactant energy and the product energy remain the
same and only the activation energy is altered (lowered).

59. Which of the following is the best explanation for the effect of increase in temperature on
the rate of reaction?

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
a. It increases the number of particles with the necessary activation energy
b. It enables the reacting particles to gain the necessary activation energy
c. It lowers the activation energy for the reaction
d. It enables the activated complex to be more
60. 4Al (s) + 3O2 (g) →2Al2O3 (s) ΔH= -3351 kJ.
The reaction shown above is ____ and therefore heat is ____ by the reaction.
a. Endothermic, evolved
b. Endothermic, absorbed
c. Exothermic, evolved
d. Exothermic, absorbed

Justification: Since the ΔH of the reaction has a negative value t is safe to assume that the reaction
is exothermic in nature.

61. A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding is said to be _____ and has
a _____ value of ΔH.
a. Endothermic, positive
b. Endothermic, negative
c. Exothermic, negative
d. Exothermic, positive

Justification: Chemical reactions that absorbs heat from the surrounding are known as
endothermic reactions and has a positive vale of ΔH on the part of the reaction.

62. At equilibrium,
a. All chemical reactions have ceased
b. The rate of forward reaction equals that of the backward reaction
c. The rate of forward reaction equals that of the reverse
d. The rate of forward reaction equals that of the backward reaction and that the rate
constant of the forward reaction equals that of the backward reaction

Justification: Using the law of mass action, you can derive the equilibrium constant by setting the
forward reaction rate = reverse reaction rate, which is what happens at equilibrium.

63. The equation shows the relationship between the rate constants for the forward and the
backward reactions and the equilibrium constant for the process.
a. K= KfKb
b. K= Kf-Kb
c. K= Kf+Kb
d. K= Kf/Kb

Justification: Using the law of mass action, you can derive the equilibrium constant by setting the
forward reaction rate = reverse reaction rate, which is what happens at equilibrium.

64. Suppose that a sample of ocean water is filtered so that the suspended sand and other
solid particles are removed but is not otherwise purified. Compared to pure water, this
sample of ocean water, at a given pressure will have

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
a. A higher freezing point and higher boiling point
b. A lower freezing point and lower boiling point
c. A higher freezing point and lower boiling point
d. A lower freezing point and higher boiling point
65. Consider the endothermic reaction:
CaCO3 (s) ↔ CaO (s) + CO2 (g).
Which of the following actions would favour shifting the equilibrium position to form more
CO2 gas?
a. Increasing the system temperature
b. Increasing the system pressure
c. Increasing both the system temperature and pressure
d. Both decreasing the system temperature and increasing the system pressure

Justification: Utilizing the Le Chatellier’s principle, since the reaction is endothermic an increase
in pressure and temperature favors the formation of carbon dioxide gas.

66. Identify the equation that would give the gaseous equilibrium expression,
[𝐻2 ]12 [𝑂2 ]
𝐾= [𝐻2𝑂]2
a. 2H2 (g) +O2 (g) ↔ 2H2O (g)
b. H2O(g) ↔H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g)
c. H2O (g) ↔ 2H (g) + O (g)
d. 2H2O (g) ↔ 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
67. The proper Kc expression for the reaction below is:
H2S (g) + NH3 (g) ↔ NH4HS
[𝐻2𝑆][𝑁𝐻3]
a. [𝑁𝐻4𝐻𝑆]
b. [H2S][NH3]
1
c. [𝐻2𝑆][𝑁𝐻3]
[𝑵𝑯𝟒𝑯𝑺]
d. [𝑯𝟐𝑺][𝑵𝑯𝟑]
68. An equilibrium constant with a large magnitude indicates that the system favors when it
reaches equilibrium.
a. Reactants
b. Products
c. Neither A or B
d. Both A and B

Justification: If K is a large number, it means that the equilibrium concentration of the products is
large. In this case, the reaction as written will proceed to the right (resulting in an increase in the
concentration of products). If K is a small number, it means that the equilibrium concentration of
the reactants is large. In this case, the reaction as written will proceed to the left (resulting in an
increase in the concentration of reactants)

69. For a chemical reaction in a state of equilibrium, a decrease in temperature will

a. Favour the reaction that is endothermic

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
b. Have no effect on the system
c. Favour the reaction that is exothermic
d. Increase the equilibrium constant

Justification: In an endothermic reaction, a decrease in temperature favours the reaction to occur

in the backward direction. At equilibrium, the concentration of C and D will decrease and the
concentration of A and B will increase

70. Colligative properties depend upon

a. The chemical properties of the solute
b. The number of solute particles in the solution
c. The physical properties of the solute
d. The chemical properties of the solvent

Justification: In chemistry, colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the
ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution, and not
on the nature of the chemical species present.

71. The law relating the solubility of the gas to its pressure is
a. Raoult’s Law
b. Distribution Law
c. Henry’s Law
d. Arrhenius Law

Justification: Henry's Law constant relates the concentration of gas particles in the solution phase
that is in equilibrium with the pressure of the gas in the vapor phase. This relationship means that
a value for Henry's Law constant can be calculated from a table of the saturation solubility of
gases.

72. In a voltaic cell, the anode is the electrode at which

a. Reduction occur, electrons are lost
b. Oxidation occur, protons are lost
c. Oxidation occur, electrons are lost
d. Reduction occur, protons are lost

Justification: Oxidation is defined as the loss of one or more electrons by an atom.

73. A solution is basic when

a. [OH-] = 1 × 10 -7
b. [OH-] > 1 × 10 -7
c. [OH-] < 1 × 10 -7
d. [OH-] = [H+]
74. According to the Arhhenius theory, a substance that yields hydrogen ions as the only
positive ion in an aqueous solution is
a. A base
b. A nonelectrolyte
c. [OH-] < 1 × 10 -7

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 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
d. An acid

Justification: Arrhenius theory, theory, introduced in 1887 by the Swedish scientist Svante
Arrhenius, that acids are substances that dissociate in water to yield electrically charged atoms
or molecules, called ions, one of which is a hydrogen ion (H+), and that bases ionize in water to
yield hydroxide ions (OH−). It is now known that the hydrogen ion cannot exist alone in water
solution; rather, it exists in a combined state with a water molecule, as the hydronium ion (H3O+).
In practice the hydronium ion is still customarily referred to as the hydrogen ion.

75. The term “base” is commonly used in chemistry to

a. Contains the OH group
b. Gives a pH below 7
c. Acts as a proton donor when dissolved in water
d. Acts as a proton acceptor

Justification: A base is the opposite of an acid. The 'H' in 'pH' stands for hydrogen. The origin of
the 'p' in 'pH' is somewhat debatable, but we can think of pH as the power of hydrogen or the
potential of hydrogen. pH is defined as -log(H+), or the -log of the activity of hydrogen. Bases
differ from acids in their potential for accepting rather than releasing hydrogen ions. The more
free hydrogen a solution has, the more acidic it is and the lower its pH value. Solutions with a high
pH value, such as drain cleaner, are very basic and thus have a high potential for accepting
hydrogen ions.

76. These are water solutions whose pH values changes only very slightly upon the addition
of small amounts of either acid or base.
a. Buffers
b. Conjugate acids
c. Conjugate bases
d. Indicators
77. Assume that each of the following gaseous reactions is initially at equilibrium. For each of
them, will an increase in pressure favour increased formation of products? Assume the
temperature remains constant.
a. A + B ↔ AB
b. A + B ↔ C + D
c. 2A + B ↔ C + 2D
d. AC ↔ A + C
78. A chemical engineer wants to get a maximum yield of hydrogen out of the gas shift
reaction: O(g) + H2O (g) ↔ CO2(g) + H2(g) Δ=-42.5 KJ. The engineer should
_____ the temperature of the reaction and _____.
a. Raise, lower the pressure
b. Lower, lower the pressure
c. Raise, add more CO2
d. Lower remove CO2

Justification: According to Le Chatellier’s principle, an increase in temperature for an exothermic

reaction will increase in the H2 cocncentration.

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79. The energy of a system can be increased by
a. Adding heat to the system
b. Having the system do work to the surroundings
c. Withdrawing heat from the system
d. A and B
80. Consider the following reaction at equilibrium
2CO2 (g) ↔ 2CO(g) + O2(g) ΔH= -524 KJ The
amount of CO(g) produced by this reaction can be maximized by carrying out the reaction
at:
a. High temperature and high pressure
b. High temperature and low pressure
c. Low temperature and low pressure
d. Low temperature and high pressure

Justification: According to Le Chatellier’s principle, an increase in pressure will increase the CO2
cocncentration.

81. Which of the following stresses will lead to an increase in SO 3 concentration in this
equilibrium? 2SO2 +O2 ↔ 2SO3 ΔH= -197 KJ
a. Remove O2
b. Lower temperature
c. Add catalyst
d. Decrease pressure
82. In the reaction BF3 + F- → BF4-, BF3 is acting as what type of acid?
a. Arrhenius only
b. Bronsted-Lowry only
c. Lewis only
d. Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry
 A Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor.
83. Which element is reduced in the reaction below?
Fe2S3 + 12HNO3 → 2Fe(NO3)3 +3S + 6NO2 + 6H2O
a. Fe
b. N
c. S
d. O
84. Which substance is serving as the reducing agent in the above reaction?
a. HNO3
b. S
c. NO2
d. FE2S3
85. What isotope of what element is produced if Krypton-81 undergoes beta decay?
a. Strontium-81
b. Rubidium-81
c. Bromine-81
d. Uranium-81

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Justification: In all cases where β+ decay (positron emission) of a nucleus is allowed energetically,
so too is electron capture allowed. This is a process during which a nucleus captures one of its

atomic electrons, resulting in the emission of a neutrino:

86. By what process does Thorium-230 decay to Radium-226?

a. Gamma emission
b. Alpha emission
c. Beta emission
d. Oxidation

Justification: Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic

nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into an atom
with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two. An
alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium-4 atom, which consists of two protons and
two neutrons. It has a charge of +2e and a mass of 4u.
38 38
87. What is the missing product from this reaction? 19𝐾 → 18𝐴𝑟 + _________
a. 42𝐻𝑒
b. −10𝑒
c. 00𝛿
d. 𝟎𝟏𝒆

Justification:

88. When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system tends to react in such a
way as to relieve the stress. This is the statement of the
a. Colligative property law
b. Raoult’s Law
c. Le Chatelier’s Principle
d. Law of partition
89. As the temperature of a reaction is increased, the rate of reaction increases because the
a. Reactant molecules collide less frequently
b. Activation energy is lowered
c. Reactant molecules collide with greater energy
d. Reactant molecules collide with less energy
90. Which condition will favour the occurrence of a chemical reaction?
a. Sufficient energy of the colliding particles
b. Proper orientation of the particles
c. Effective collision of the molecules
d. All of these

Justification: According to the collision theory, the following criteria must be met in order for a
chemical reaction to occur:

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o Molecules must collide with sufficient energy, known as the activation energy, so
that chemical bonds can break.
o Molecules must collide with the proper orientation.
o A collision that meets these two criteria, and that results in a chemical reaction, is
known as a successful collision or an effective collision.

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