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Chapter 1
Introduction
all have certain jobs to do. Normally, human cells undergo mitosis
to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old, or
become damaged and worn out, they die through the process
called apoptosis and new cells take their place. This orderly
process stops when cancer cells develop and start to grow out of
control.
prognosis of the disease has not greatly improved. There have been
signals in the body to help repair damaged blood vessels and the
require blood vessels, and that by cutting off that blood supply, a
does not necessarily kill tumors but instead they prevent tumors
$2,000-$49,000 or Php100,786.00-Php2,469,257.00.
which are difficult to cure. Usually, those are the diseases which
abnormal cells, which grow beyond their usual size and habitat.
These cells invade parts of the body and spread to other organs
blood vessel growth, and these blood vessels carry the blood to the
Philippines, and most importantly, cost efficient. Not only will the
but it will also save the patients from spending too much for their
treatments.
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a new sprout within 24 hours. When the leaf is cut, there would be
This plant has been used for its medicinal properties since
out from its stem. This sap can treat a variety of skin conditions
(Maronpot, 2015).
Philippines, they are the most popular breed because they produce
number of eggs laid, good egg sizes as well as great egg quality.
using CAM assay of duck eggs, through this, the researchers will
the following:
anti-angiogenic agent?
Hypothesis
untreated egg
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vessels.
matter how careful they were, they still acquire it. This has been
not all drugs for cancer were said to be truly affordable and readily
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For the Philippines, this study will help reduce the need to
the country.
blood vessels may have been the main cause for the disease.
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Theoretical Framework
from a developing blood vessel and thus cutting its blood supply
stop the infestation of tumor cells that may lead to increased risk
Sources of the study have of both crude and pure extract have
the eggs and be incubated in day one, eggs would be separate into
six group. Three fertile 8-day duck eggs were used for each:
cleaned with the aid of 70% ethanol to remove dirt and other
debris that could infect the eggs when opened. All the eggs that
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1
Research methodology 1
(Sumiyoshi, 2015).
can inhibit the growth of blood vessels and not just as anti-tumor
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activity
Definition of Terms
angiogenesis.
regenerative properties.
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cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues.
booster.
development structures
the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because
In vacuo. In a vacuum.
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vessels.
ankles.
Chapter 2
which are used in the study. The researchers believe that through
Japan, but can also be found in the Philippines. Its root, leaf, and
types of tumors and leukemia cells. This can be supported with the
plant that was studied using animals and in test tubes has an
has a characteristic that can improve health and good for health
maintenance.
There are currently 100 types of cancer which are classified by the
and create lumps or tumors which grow and interfere with the
(WHO), adding that tumors send signals to the body which activate
drugs inhibit the growth of blood vessels, but they could also affect
they could be beneficial, too much intake would also cause toxicity
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people. It can also be used for patients with high blood pressure,
muscle.
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They are rarely found anywhere in the natural world but are the
inflammatory arthritis.
drying out sufficiently; too little causes the contents to dry out too
quickly. In either case, eggs fail to hatch. Turning the eggs allows
free movement of the embryo and prevents the egg’s contents from
set to turn the eggs every hour. Eggs are candled by shining an
is seen as a dark spot in the large end of the egg, near the air cell,
with blood vessels radiating from it. Infertile eggs are clear, and a
eggs during this week for about 3 times a day so that the
membrane would not stick on the egg shells. The body starts to
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grow on the second week, starting with the body, the head, and
webbed feet, which can be seen by day 9. As the days progress, the
egg sac expands, and movement from the embryo can be observed.
On day 15, big veins surround the entire egg, and there’s difficulty
in candling the eggs since the embryo has grown bigger and
about ¼ to ⅓ of the egg, and the embryo will look like a giant blob,
fourth week, the ducklings start to hatch from the egg (Steele,
2012).
complete extravasation.
incubated for two days. The CAM embryo were removed on the 12 th
temperature for three days with agitation. The aim of this method
the other hand, decoction is done for hard plant parts such as
siphon arm, the liquids will be emptied in the bottom flask again,
associated with tumor growth and metastasis. They test the effects
activation.
inflammation.
hepatocarcinoma H22 cells and divided into five groups. Group one
five was given with normal saline and serves as a control group.
respectively. The average MVD count was 14.2, 11.2 and 8.5 (MVD
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
Research Design
groups are used at the same time with only one single variable
design, the researchers had the ability to know the anti- angiogenic
Research Locale
place was selected for having the efficacy to provide the research
accurate and reliable results that can be useful for future studies.
Figure 2
Validation of Instrument
1. Extraction
fraction.
2. Physicochemical Test
result.
Reagents
Hydroxy-4′-nitro /YellowRed
4′-nitro
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nitro
orange
dimethylamine
3′-nitro
nitro
3. Biological Analysis
that could infect the eggs when opened. All the eggs
spironolactone as inducer.
spironolactone.
spironolactone.
spironolactone.
4. Statistical treatment
CHAPTER 4
and its relevant findings in the study based from the results of the
extract.
1. Percentage Yield
plant availed and used in the study were fresh and in good
2. Physicochemical Tests
odor.
Table 4.1
RESULT RESULT
sulfuric acid. An orange to yellow color was the positive test for
chalcone.
Table 4.2
Chalcone
Figure 3
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.1
Group 4
Group 1
67.0 ug/mL +
Untreated
Spironolactone
Day 1 Day 3 Day 1 Day 3
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.6
Group 3
Group 6
Positive Control
0.67 ug/mL +
(Spironolactone +
Spironolactone
Phenylephrine)
Day 1 Day 3 Day 1 Day 3
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Table 4.3
Trial 1 55.14 43.80 42.33 44.78 46.93 42.30 12.23 15.93 10.40
Day 3 % % % % % % % % %
Average
47.09% 44.67% 12.85%
NSP(%)
A B C A B C A B C
Trial 2 15.40 13.87 15.07 17.94 16.52 15.67
9.86% 7.22% 8.32%
Day 3 % % % % % %
Average
8.47% 14.78% 16.71%
NSP(%)
A B C A B C A B C
Trial 3 14.11 13.48 11.95 14.51 13.68 16.05
7.21% 7.48% 8.32%
Day 3 % % % % % %
Average
7.67% 13.18% 14.75%
NSP(%)
TOTAL
AVERAG
8.28% 13.18% 16.06%
E OF
DAY 3
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4. Statistical Analysis
Table 4.4
Pixels
Positive Pixels
GROUPS
Table 4.5
which is 0.05. This proves that all concentrations have the ability
strong positive pixels, only the untreated vs. negative group have
significant means. On the other hand, the untreated group vs. all
of angiogenesis.
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CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings
1. Percentage Yield
form, and had an earthy odor. The chemical tests done were
Sulfuric acid-Nitric acid test and Sulfuric acid anhydride test. The
result obtained for the chemical tests all showed expected results.
that more production of the blood vessel can still arise in lower
group.
Conclusion
proved that CAM Assay is an efficient tool for observing the growth
Recommendations:
REFERENCES
.cancer.org/latest-news/facts- and-figures-2018-rate-of
-deaths-from-cancer-continues-decline.html)
APPENDIX A
Certificate of Authenticatication
57
APPENDIX B
1.1.1.Appearance – Viscous
APPENDIX C
Test
Theoretical Result:
Orange to Purple:
APPENDIX D
% yield = 8.80 %
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CAREER OBJECTIVE
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SEMINARS ATTENDED
CHARACTER REFERENCES
CAREER OBJECTIVE
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SEMINARS ATTENDED
CHARACTER REFERENCES
CAREER OBJECTIVE
Highly motivated Medical Technologist aspiring to work in a
challenging environment to practice exceptional organizational
skills in performing clinical laboratory assays with high quality
precision and accuracy in order to promote good health in general
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
2015 to present Centro Escolar University
Sen. Gil Puyat Ave., Makati
Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology
Honors/Awards Received: President’s
Lister (School Year 2015-2017)
SEMINARS ATTENDED
Red Cross Youth Seminar – Basic Life Support
Leader in Me Leadership Training: The 7 Habits of Highly
Innovative People
Basic Caregiving Service Training
PAMET Research forum and Poster Presentation
(National Medical technology Week celebration 2017)
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Available upon request
63
joan
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RACHELLE C. GABUAT
City Address: Blk 40 Lot 1A Tecson corner
Gabrielle St. BF Resort Village Las Piñas City
Mobile: +639171163862
Email: rachgabuat@gmail.com
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SAMUEL S. PASCO
City Address: 16 Masthead St. Fourth Estate
Subdivision, Sucat, Parañaque City
Mobile: +639454938744
Email: iamsamuelpasco@gmail.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE
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