PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)

Arranged by:
M. Nur Hidayatullah Adzani (1241170011)
Zulfikar Abror (1741170093)

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MAJOR
STATE POLYTECHNIC OF MALANG
2018
DEFINITION

PLC is an electronic system that operates digitally and is designed for use in industrial
systems, where this system uses programmable memory to store internal instructions that
implement specific functions such as logic, sequence, timing, enumeration and arithmetic
operations to control the machine or process through digital or analog I / O modules.
Programable logic controller (PLC) Is based on a computer that only planned for
controlling a process or machine on industry. The controlled process can be in the variable
regulation continuously, like in a servo system or only controlled 2 situation (ON/OFF), where
the system uses programmable memory for internal storage of instructions that implement
specific functions such as logic, sequence, timing, enumeration and arithmetic operations to
control machines or process through digital or analog I / O modules.
PLC can perform the following operations:
1. Logic Relay
2. Locking
3. Counting
4. Addition
5. Reduction
6. Timing
7. PID Control
8. BCD Operation
9. Data Manipulation
10. Benchmark
11. Shift

MAIN FUNCTION
Sequential Control Processing
input binary signals into outputs that are used for processing sequential processing , the PLC
keeps all steps of the sequential process taking place in the right order.
Monitoring Plan
Monitor a system (eg temperature, pressure, level of height) and take the necessary actions in
connection with the controlled process (eg the value has exceeded the limit) or display the
message to the operator.
PLC ADVANTAGES THAN CONVENSIONAL SYSTEM
PLC
1. Wiring is easyly
2. Treatment takes a short time
3. More simple system tracking.
4. Power consumption is relatively low. 5. Image documentation is simpler and easier to
understand.
6. System modification is simpler and faster.
 CONVENSIONAL SYSTEM
1. Wiring is more complex.
2. Treatment takes a long time.
3. Tracking errors takes a long time.
4. Relatively high power consumption. 5. More image documentation.
6. Modification of the system takes a long time.

HOW TO WORKS
Generally PLC consists of two main components :
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Interface system input/output

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P CPU
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Function :
1. CPU Function is controlled all of PLC processed
• There is only 3 main components of the CPU compiler
A. Processor
B. Memory
C. Power Supply

Processor Memory

Power supplay
SYMBOL

Push Button (Normally Open) Push Button (Normally Closed) Contact (Normally Open)

Limit Switch (Normally Open) Limit Switch (Normally Closed) Contact (Normally Closed)

Temperature Switch (Normally Open) Temperature Switch (Normally Closed) Relay Coil

Time Delay Switch (Normally Open) Time Delay Switch (Normally Closed) Pilot Light

Level Switch (Normally Open) Level Switch (Normally Closed) Buzzer

M
Proximity Switch (Normally Open) Proximity Switch (Normally Closed) Motor

Pressure Switch (Normally Open) Pressure Switch (Normally Closed) Solenoide

EQUIPMENT FOR INPUT AND OUTPUT

Basically, PLC operation is relative simple with using external equipment that connected to the
available input or output modules. This equipment can be in the form of analog sensor, push
button, limit switch, generator, solenoid, lamp and others. On beside of the page you can see
the examples of input / output module that usually found on PLC application
 INPUT :
Selector Switch
Temperature Switch
Flow Switch
Level Switch
Pushbutton
Motor starter contacts
Limit Switch
Pressure Switch
Relay Contact
 OUTPUT:
Annunciator
Alarm light
Electric fan
 Indicating light
Electric valve
Alarm horn
Selenoid valve
Motor starters

PROGRAM LANGUAGE
Basically, the PLC that using to control this equipment is made and entered using a
programming system software. In this presentation we will using CX ONE as a software to
make a program of PLC
There are 5 Programming method that have been standardized by IEC ( International Electrical
Commissions) :
1. Ladder Diagram (LD)
2. Function Block Diagram (FBD)
3. Sequential Function Chart (SFC)
4. Structure Text (ST)
5. Instruction List (IL)
PLC programming there are several basic instructions that are often used. here are some
examples of basic instructions using CX - Programmer software.
Counter instruction
Counter instructions are used to calculate the input entering the counter.The way the
counter instruction works is, When the counter (CNT 0000) Gets the input as much as the
set value, it will activate the contact C0000 so that the output (1.00) will be active. While
to reset the counter can use 0.01 input.

Timer instruction
In most control applications there are tools for some aspects of timing control. PLC has
timing facilities for programs that can be used.
The general method of programming a timer circuit is to determine the intervals calculated
from a condition or condition . The working method of the Timer instruction is, when the
Timer (TIM 0000) gets input as long as the set value activates the contact-contact (T0000).
More details can be seen in
Note: in one program the Counter and Timer number address cannot be the same. For
example, if the counter number is 0000, the address of the timer cannot use the address
0000. The set value timer is set x 10. So for example the desired value set is 10 seconds
then the set value is 10 seconds x 10 = # 100
Il & ILC instruction
IL stands for Inter Lock while ILC stands for Clear Interlock to lock the program. Usually
IL and ILC are used for the Emergency button. The workings of IL and ILC instructions
are, if the emergency button (input 0.02) is pressed, all of the IL and ILC instructions will
not be active

Difu/difd instruction
This control application functions to activate output during one scan. To activate output
during a scan other than using DIFU / DIFD instructions can also use contacts with
differentiation up / down. To make contact instructions with differentiation up / down,
click New Contact - Details >> - Differentiation up / down
 Holding relay instruction
Holding Relay is an internal relay that can be used to hold the system that is working even
though the supply power is off, for example if the Power Source / PLN is off, if the holding
Relay is installed then the process can continue further from the start again

Compare instruction
This instruction is used to compare two data.
The way it works is if the D100 <D200 data then output (1.02) will be active, if D100 =
D200 then the output (1.03) will be active, and if D100> D200 then the output (1.03) will
be active.

DEVELOPMENT
Basically, using PLC on a industrial activities is a development of technology, and of course
in next a few years surely PLC will controlled using by smartphone with internet. The
advantages of using PLC that is connected to internet is the user or worker will controlled the
process or machine more easily because no need to check directly the process or machine.