Peter Fonagy - Attachment, Personality Dis and Its Psychological TX

Meaning Making
and
Dyadic States of Consciousness
Ed Tronick
University Distinguished Professor
University of Massachusetts
Harvard Medical School
Ed.tronick@umb.edu
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International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

What Does It Mean,
Master?

´7KHYLWDOLW\RIWKHSULYDWHVHOI
depends on the capacity to
generate meaning;; the inability to
generate meaning is a psychic
catastrophe. I propose that the
unconscious can be thought of as
a neurophysiological process that
has the potential to generate
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A. Modell, p.144

HUMANS ARE MAKERS OF MEANING
Jerome Bruner
*
ALL HUMANS
- INFANTS, CHILDREN and ADULTS-
CONSTANTLY
TRY TO MAKE
A COHERENT AND COMPLEX MEANING
OF
THEIR
-- SENSE-OF-SELF--
IN THE WORLD
Creating Something New
The Good, the Bad,
and the Ugly

The Meanings Made
are
Intersubjective
Age Possible
Multi-level
(Physiology to Explicit Awareness)

States of Consciousness
are
Intersubjective
Some (but never all) of the meanings
in a state of consciousness
can be
communicated to others.
*
The meanings include:
-- intentions to act on the world --
-- relational intentions with others --
-- sense-of-self --
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Try to Make
Meaning of
Their World

Infant Successfully
Making Meaning of
Her World
and
Reaching Out
To Do Something
With the Person

Age 3RVVLEOH´$IIHFWLYH6WDWHµ
Meaning Making
Infants make sense of their self in

the world with intentional actions
and emotions
and
express it with emotional displays
and behavior

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I want that that!

What and where?

There it is!

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72''/(5·V´$IIHFWLYHµ$FWLRQ
Linguistic, and
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MEANING MAKING

Alligator Boy

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Sense-of-Self in the World
is
Organized and Contained
in
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STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

The meaning in the State of
Consciousness
is expressed
moment-to-moment
in the organization of behavior
Consciousness does NOT imply

awareness by the individual of
their sense-of-self in the world,
and much it is out of
awareness.

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Infant and Mother
The Moment by Moment

Expression of Meaning
for the
Infant and Mother

??Meaning??
Video

NEW MEANINGS
for
Infant and Mother
DANGER OR THREAT
SELF-ORGANIZED WAY TO BE SAFE
NEW WAY OF BEING TOGETHER
NEW WAY OF CHANGING WHAT
HAPPENED
TRUST IN THE PARTNER
NEW FORMS OF MEANING

IN THE FIRST YEAR OF
LIFE THERE ARE AS
MANY AS
15,536,000 MICRO
SECOND BY SECOND
EXCHANGES
OF AN
ADULT AND THE AWAKE
INFANT
BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL
MEANINGS
IN STATES OF
CONSCIOUSNESS

CHOOSE YOUR FAVORITE

??The Meaning Making
System???

??Or This Meaning Making
System???

??Or
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System
Autonomic Nervous System

Controls levels of arousal
and fight or flight
responses. Both responses
are biologically costly.
Parasympathetic Branch:
Regulates level of arousal.
Measured using Cardiac
measures, such as
Respiratory Sinus
Arrhythmia
and Heart Rate
Sympathetic Branch:
Increases arousal.
Measured in variety of
Ways, including
Skin Conductance
B O D Y
Sensory Systems
Motor Systems
Metabolic Systems
2 Theo DCS

SYMBOLIC MEANINGS ²
NAMED OBJECT, EVENT
EMOTIONAL MEANINGS &

PROCEDURAL KNOWING ²
FEARFUL/DANGER
BODILY MEANINGS ²
WHOLENESS/SAFETY BODY
Sensory Systems
Motor Systems
Metabolic Systems
LEVELS and FLOWS of Meaning Making Systems and Meanings at Each Level

Simultaneous Recording of the
Behavior and
Physiology of the
Infant and the Mother
Jacob Ham
Behavior
² Microanalytic coding of gaze, affect and
expressive actions
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
² Use Vagal Tone/respiratory sinus arrythmia
as measure of parasympathetic influence.
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

² Clean measure of sympathetic activity

GSR and Normal Play
GSR normal

GSR and SF
GSR and SF

GSR and Reunion
Gsr and reunion

INFANT MEAN
Infant Mean SCby
GSR Levels LEVELS
Episode BY EPISODE
Gas Pedal
Mean GSR level
Play SF Reunion
F (2,47) = .88
INFANT MEAN
Infant LN(HRV) RSA BY EPISODE
by Episode
Regulatory Brake
Mean RSA
Play SF Reunion
F (2,47) = 3.19, p<.05

Two kinds of Infant Gestures
Right Brain Control
Other-directed ² communicative
gestures (reaching out,
pointing)
Self-directed gestures ²
actions to self-regulate
(sucking on fingers)
Mean proportion time of LQIDQWV· OTHER-DIRECTED and SELF-DIRECTED
gestures regardless of body hemiside across the three episodes of the
Still-Face paradigm (R. Montirosso, Scientific Institute ³E. Medea´ Bosisio Parini,
Lecco, Italy.)
0.30
0.25
Proportion of time
0.20
0.15 Other-directed gestures

Self-directed gestures
0.10
0.05
0.00
Play Still Reunion

Physiologic Levels
and
Relationships

High physiologic concordance (A) with corresponding running
moment-to-moment concordance score between therapist and
patient. Marci, Ham , et al, J Nerv Ment Dis 2007;;195: 103²111

Heart Rate Synchrony During Fire Walking: Fig. 1. Heart
Related Spectator and Unrelated Spectator rates of a FIRE-
WALKER (blue),
related
SPOUSE-
SPECTATOR
(red),
and
UNRELATED
SPECTATOR
(green).
The red, blue,
and pink lines
mark the
beginning of the
ritual
i.Konvalinkaa, D. Xygalatasa, et al. Synchronized arousal between performers and related

spectators in a fire-walking ritual.

Correlations of Infants and Mothers GSR, HR and Vagal Tone In
Face-to-face Still-face Reunion Episode
Mothers¶
GSR HR Vagal
,QIDQWV· GSR .293
Heart .563 -.337

Rate
Vagal .301
Tone

Correlation of Infant and Mother
Skin Conductance r =.30
Match MisMatch
Infant
Micro-
Siemens
Mother
6:50 7:00 7:10 7:20 7:30 7:40 sec

In Sum
A STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
is made up of the totality of psychobiological

meanings, intentions and purposes of every
component and every level functioning of the
individual from molecules to awareness.
The sense-of-self in the world is inherent in the

organization of the state.
Consciousness does NOT imply awareness by

the individual of their sense-of-self in the
world, and much it is out of awareness.

THE FORMS OF BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL MEANINGS
IN
Physiologic Body Processes

(Visceral, Muscle, Autonomic Processes)
Procedural Ways of Being

(Downing: Body Micro-practices)
Implicit without Awareness

(Cognitive Neurosciences)
Dynamically out of Awareness

(Freud: The Dynamic Unconscious)
Explicit with Awareness

(Language, Symbols, Abstract)
A broad term referring to the many

purposive forms of consciousness,
including
alertness, preconscious, unconscious, dynamic
unconscious, reverie, daydreaming, the multiple
states of sleep,
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and to the
purposive organization of physiologic, neurologic,
endocrine and all other somatic states.

Therapy is a process of
changing the states of
consciousness that prevent
growth and development
and an increase in
complexity of the individual

How do individuals
acquire meanings?
What is the process of meaning

making?

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Meaning Making

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

Infants make sense of their self in

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

Consciousness does NOT imply

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

Infant and Mother

The Moment by Moment

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

Autonomic Nervous System

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

EMOTIONAL MEANINGS &

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

 Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

 Gsr and reunion

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

Mean GSR level

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

0.15 Other-directed gestures

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

i.Konvalinkaa, D. Xygalatasa, et al. Synchronized arousal between performers and related

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

,QIDQWV· GSR .293

Heart .563 -­.337

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

6:50 7:00 7:10 7:20 7:30 7:40 sec

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

is made up of the totality of psychobiological

The sense-­of-­self in the world is inherent in the

Consciousness does NOT imply awareness by

International speaker tour 2012 © Dr Ed Tronick 2012

Physiologic Body Processes

Procedural Ways of Being

Implicit without Awareness

Dynamically out of Awareness

Explicit with Awareness

A broad term referring to the many

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

Gsr and reunion

Heart .563 -.337

The sense-of-self in the world is inherent in the