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DECLARATION
I Eyoel Ashagre a 4th year civil engineering student in WSU have undertaken my internship
experience in Bamacon Engineering plc from march 10/2018 to July 7/2018 under the guidance
of Mr.Ashenafi Reta (academic advisor) and Mr Sisay gizaw (company supervisor).
I classify that my work is original compiled according to the internship report guide given by the
department.
As the student academic advisor, I clarify that the internship report written by the student is his
original work and compiled according to the guide line provided by department as far as my
knowledge is concerned
Signature: _________________
Date: _____________________
Signature: _________________
Date: _____________________
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Eyoel Ashagre R/Eng/0971/07
Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First, I would like to thank my almighty god for his merciful and endless guidance through my
life. next to god I would like to thank my beloved families for their great support and being
beside me in all aspects. and next to this I would like to thank wolaita sodo university college of
civil engineering department for providing this kind of internship program for us. and i would
also like to thank my hosting company Bamacon engineering construction for their genuine
hospitality and continued effort to educate, supervise and foster my technical and professional
skills throughout the whole internship program.
at last but not the least I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to Eng. mulugeta, all
employees in the site and other internship students for their encouragement and endless
cooperation throughout my stay in the internship programs.
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Eyoel Ashagre R/Eng/0971/07
Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
An overall view that shows about what I have been doing. A report about the internship
experience that successes I have achieved during the period of the program in Bamacon
Engineering plc. This report gives detail information about site and office activities carried for
building project.
The contents of the report have been divided into four chapter. In the first chapter of my report,
I briefly described about the back ground of my internship hosting company including the
description, mission and services of the organization. The second chapter of my report describes
over all internship experience. In the third chapter of the report briefly explains about benefit of
the internship. the fourth chapter of my report contain about, conclusion and recommendation
for my host company. To help anyone reading this report better understands for the discussed
topics and ideas.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................................... ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. iii
List of Figure ..................................................................................................................................... vii
List of Chart...................................................................................................................................... viii
List of Table ....................................................................................................................................... ix
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................. x
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................ 1
BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY .......................................................................................... 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 BRIEF HISTORY .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 MISSION STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 COMPANY POLICY .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.5 MAIN PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ................................................................................................... 3
1.6 PAST AND PRESENT PRODUCTS AND ITS USERS ........................................................................ 4
1.7 OVERALL ORGANIZATION AND WORK FLOW ............................................................................ 5
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................... 6
OVERALL ENTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ................................................................................... 6
2.1 HOW I GET IN TO THE COMPANY.............................................................................................. 6
2.2 DESCRIPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT ........................................................................................ 6
2.3 MY INTERNSHIP EXPERIANCE ................................................................................................... 7
1. TAKE OFF SHEET ........................................................................................................................... 8
2. BAR SCHEDULE ............................................................................................................................. 8
3. SHORING .......................................................................................................................................... 9
A. PILE CASTING ............................................................................................................................. 9
B. ANCHOR INSTALLATION....................................................................................................... 10
4. EXCAVATION AND EART WORK ............................................................................................. 11
I. BULK EXCAVATION ........................................................................................................... 11
II. PIT EXCAVATION .................................................................................................................... 11
III. TRENCH EXCAVATION ...................................................................................................... 11
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
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List of Figure
Fig 1 OMEDAD MIXED USE BUILDING ...................................................................................... 3
Fig 2 NEHCO MIXED USE BUILDING ............................................................................................ 3
Fig 3 DAGI MIXED USE BUILDING .............................................................................................. 3
Fig 4 Pile Casting ............................................................................................................................... 9
Fig 5 Anchor Installation .................................................................................................................. 10
Fig 6 Excavation work ..................................................................................................................... 11
Fig 7 Earth Work ............................................................................................................................. 12
Fig 8 lean concrete ........................................................................................................................... 13
Fig 9 formworks ............................................................................................................................... 14
Fig 10 Spacer .................................................................................................................................... 15
Fig 11 Reinforcement ....................................................................................................................... 16
Fig 12 Concrete Test ........................................................................................................................ 19
Fig 13 Concrete Work ...................................................................................................................... 20
Fig 14 foundation work .................................................................................................................... 21
Fig 15 shear Wall ............................................................................................................................ 23
Fig 16 Water proof work .................................................................................................................. 24
Fig 17 column work ......................................................................................................................... 24
Fig 18 Beam Work ........................................................................................................................... 25
FIG 19 STAIR CASE ....................................................................................................................... 26
Fig 20 solid slab work ...................................................................................................................... 27
Fig 21 Ribbed Slab ........................................................................................................................... 28
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List of Chart
Chart 1 Head Office Organization Structure ....................................................................................... 5
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List of Table
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
ABBREVIATIONS
W.S.U…………………….woliata sodo unversity
b/n………………between
C/C……………..center to center
E.g………………..Example
Eng……………………engineer
Kg…………………………kilogram
Qty ………………………Quantity
Ø……………………......diameter
NB………………………….Note book
cm3…………………………cubic centimeter
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
CHAPTER ONE
Bamacon Engineering PLC is a share, privately owned construction firm with a reliable record
of accomplishments and a bright prospect that matches its high aspiration. The following volume
is an attempt to profile that track record, the prospect and the aspiration from its effective
operating system springs.
The inclusion of these elements in the profile, we presume, will give the concerned reader an
insight on the substance of Bamacon Engineering PLC.
Established as a grade VII construction firm in 2005 using the name of the owner and general
manager as Girma Gelaw Building Contractor, Bamacon Engineering registered with the
ministry of infrastructure, has grown to be a very competitive Grade I Building Contractor with
favorable prospects for a role of excellence in the construction industry.
In the thirteen years of its growth, the firm has always believed that capacity depends more on
organizational and human resource development than on equipment and finance.
In this belief, the firm has invested a significant portion of its time and money on:
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
and the result has been a firm with a work force that can take on any challenge in the form of a
construction job.
With respect to capacity in terms of equipment, while acquisition of major machinery has been
dictated by the need to satisfy the regulatory body’s (ministry of infrastructure’s) capacity
requirements, special emphasis on equipment that are specifically appropriate to Bamacon
Engineering’s own method of construction were also sought and acquired.
Hitherto, financial capacity has always been commensurate to the cash flow requirements of the
projects.
This has been partly due to the firm’s good credit record with clients, insurance companies, banks
and construction material suppliers perhaps the most important creditors to any construction firm.
Looking back, the path Bamacon Engineering PLC traveled over the last years seems to be a
path of initiation for the competitive challenges of the third millennium.
➢ Ever survive as a business entity that is committed to the creation of excellent values that always
strives to balance the utility needs of customers, employees, managers and shareholders.
➢ Create and sustain a combination of individual excellence (manifested in purposeful, visionary
and exemplary leadership of our management) and communal values (expressed as the creative,
harmonious, and motivated team spirit of our employees) that will ensure the vitality, strength
and propagation of our business entity.
➢ Uphold the maxim that (“All things are changing, and we are changing with them”) since change
is a universal and continuous phenomenon that positively affects our customers, employees,
managers and shareholders, so as to always prepare and provide for change, however violent.
Throughout the construction process on every project we will be proactive and offer quality work
all projects are completed safely, within budget and to the best possible standard.
Our vision is to become a successful contractor participating in road construction projects, bridge
construction projects and building construction projects and to maximize company profitability
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Bamacon Engineering PLC, through years of vast experience dealing with project management
and contract administration issues in different construction projects, has specialized in
construction of:
✓ Residential Houses
✓ Office Building
✓ Complexes
✓ Hospitals
✓ Hotels
✓ Factories
✓ Warehouses
✓ Multi-Purpose
✓ Buildings
Fig 1 OMEDAD MIXED USE BUILDING
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
The following table summarizes major construction jobs Bamacon Engineering PLC took over
the past four to five years which are relevant to the current job at hand in nature and complexity.
MIXED-USE BUILDINGS
2. Mixed-Use (Str. Only) Ato Mesfin Mengesha 46,148,368.58 120 days Mar. 2012
HOTEL BUILDINGS
1. Hotel- Assela Ath. Kenenisa Bekele 13,423,917.30 630 days Oct. 2008
2. Hotel Apart. (Str. Only) Ato Mekdes Aklilu 41,774,804.48 150 days Oct. 2011
3. Saromayria Hotel Ato Alemayehu Nigussie 37,745,864.28 340 days Sept. 2011
5. Hotel (Str. Only) Ato Habtamu Desta 56,342,567.98 360 days July 2012
APARTMENT BUILDINGS
HOSPITAL BUILDINGS
1. Hospital (Str. Only) Ato Berhane Dagnew 15,157,635.36 240 days Sept. 2011
FACTORY BUILDINGS
2. Factory (Sub- str. Only) STEELY RMI 15,147,268.48 120 days Jan. 2012
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Qualified construction technicians support the engineering staff. Individuals with the right
experience and educational background attend finance, administration and procurement
divisions. Full secretarial and office support is provided by means of modern facilities such as
copiers, laptop and desktop computers, fax machine, etc.
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
CHAPTER TWO
First, I would like to start with how I got into the company before explaining my internship
experience. After the application form was given to us from Wolaita Sodo University, I applied
to different companies who could be good mentors for my future in my profession. Some were
polite and some hostile to receive my application and give me the required service. In contrary I
faced some companies who were not willing to accept internship student or give answers politely.
In the bright side I got accepted in different places and I preferred to work in BAMACON
Engineering plc. The reasons why I chose this company were the willingness of the company to
support the student and the availability of advising staff in the company, the effort of the
company in research and development and its willingness to give project works for the students,
the existence of updating new technology and other facilities.
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
The standard form used for entering the dimensions taken or scaled from drawings to determine
the accurate quantity in each trade of work, except reinforcement steel, is called take off sheet or
dimension paper
Takeoff sheet format has four columns
No. of No. of L W H
Elements in a Member
Member
Bar schedule is a format used to calculate the quantity of reinforcement bars. In this format the
quantity of bar of each diameter will be calculated. Preparing bar schedule is the process of
analyzing number, diameter, length, location and shape of placement of the bar from the
structural drawing of the given project and putting in the bar schedule in their respective place
provided.
Ite Posi Dia Sha No of No. of Length Total Length
m tion (mm) pes bar bar
member Ø6 Ø8 Ø10 Ø12 Ø14 Ø16 Ø20
Unit Weight in (kg/m) =(0.222*D2)/36 0.222 0.395 0.617 0.888 1.208 1.578 2.466
Total Weight in Kg
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
3. SHORING
A. PILE CASTING
There were Around 84 piles casted by 1m distance far apart each other, with a depth of 12m and
6oomm diameter
The following steps was I sow on site
Phase 1 Digging
First check the Auger machine is 900 Adjusted, then start digging on Marking points, water is
adding at a time of digging in to hole Because of the water is helping to lubricate and prevent
bore to collapse
Phase 2 reinforcement placing
The Ready reinforcement placed mechanically in to the cage
phase 3 concrete placement
The tube pipe is placed mechanically in to the cage. This pipe is used, to avoid mixing of debris
with in concrete and to control segregation (separation of aggregate and cement), Therefore the
ready concrete is added admixture of accelerator then overthrow to cage, this admixture
decreases initial setting time of concert to stable water cement ratio that Came from Ground
water table
Phase 4 capping
Connect all pile by beam for correcting its alignment
Phase 5 Meshing
Excavate up to a depth of 3m, mesh the side by 8dia of bar and sprinkle cement paste by concrete
pumper for resisting side soil.
Digging reinforcement placing pipe concrete placement
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Eyoel Ashagre R/Eng/0971/07
Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
B. ANCHOR INSTALLATION
Phase 1 Borehole is drilled
We start Borehole the pill at a depth of 3m. which have 130mm diameter and (12-15m) depth
within 300 inclinations angle. the digging is done by Anchor Drill Machin
Phase 2 Anchor tendon is inserted
Two types of anchor tendon are inserted in to borehole the first one is anchor cable and the
second one is post hose. Anchor cable is composed of a single bar of steel and cover by plastic
tube. Post hose is polymer tube that used to pass cement pest in to a free space of bore hole
Phase 3 Grouting
By using pumping Machin remove all water that appear around the cage
Phase 4 Cast cement pest
Cement pest is the mixture of cement and water have mix ratio of {50kg cement + 20-25L of
water}. The ready mixture is pumped in to the borehole by using concrete Pamper
Phase 5 Tensioning
After cement pest casted, the anchor is tension to the calculated lode by using Tensioning
Machin finally cover the outer plate by cap to avoid corrosion
6 completed anchor
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
It’s the prosses of work involving the digging of soil and rock from the construction site, it
depends on the design levels, widths and depths. The excavation was performed by excavator or
digging machine within consideration of working space, based on the purpose of excavation it
may be classified as bulk excavation, pit excavation and trench excavation
EART WORK
Pit excavation
Fig 6 Excavation work
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Lean concrete is a mix where the amount of cement is lower than the amount of liquid present
in the strata. This makes it ideal as the base layer where other kinds of concrete are placed at the
top. It is a concrete which has less water cement ratio having less percentage of cement paste. In
which aggregates are lean together with very less cement paste, it is usually a low slump concrete
used in construction of footings and foundations
Most of the time the c-5 grade concrete is called lean concrete. It is mostly used under
sub structures. It has 50 mm thick qualify of C-5 with minimum cement content of 150 kg/m3 of
concrete. The ratio of 1:3:4 It has some advantages like;
➢ It acts like a hard stratum
➢ It protects all sub structural elements from extra moisture.
➢ It prevents the soil particles under substructures from any relative movement
We use lean concrete in all part of structure which has a direct contact with the soil: Under
footing pad, under grade beam, under masonry foundation, under retaining wall.
Quantity M3 (volume) = Area X 0.05m
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
When the concrete has reached the strength, the formwork is no longer needed and is removed.
The operation of removing formwork is called striping. After stripping the removed formwork
is reused for another structural element.
Period of removal of formwork (Stripping times)
➢ Vertical formwork for columns, beams and walls…………………...18 hrs.
➢ Soffit formwork to slab and stair case………………………….........21 days.
➢ Soffit formwork to beam……………………..……………………...21 days.
➢ Props to slab………………………………...……………………….14 days.
➢ Props to beam………………………………………………………...14 days
Formwork must full fill the following requirement
➢ It must be accurately set out
➢ the material of formwork should be suitable for re-use of several time
➢ should be strong enough to carry the lodes placed on it, E.x dead weight of the fresh
concrete, reinforcement, HCB and daily labors
➢ the joint in the form work should be tight agent’s linkage
➢ should be Brushed by releasing agent or oils
Fig 9 formworks
7. SPACER (CLEAR COVER)
It’s a space b/n reinforcement and formwork or lean concrete. The spacers are tied to the rebar before
casting the concrete
It has the purpose of protecting the rebar from corrosion, fire resistance also give reinforcing bar
sufficient imbedding to enable them to be stress without stepping
On our site we have seen spacer used in different structural elements
For sub-structural works ….……………………..……….50mm
For super-structural works for beam and columns… 25mm
for slab and stair ……20mm
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Fig 10 Spacer
8. REINFORCEMENT WORK
Reinforcement bars are a rounded steel bars with different size and shape of deformed
type used in reinforced concrete. Steel reinforcement is generally used in the form of bars or
circular cross section in concrete structure. Steel is one of the best forms of reinforcement, to
take care of those stresses and to strengthen the concrete to bear all kinds of loads. All
reinforcement bars are of the specified quality and in accordance with the standard technical
specification. The bars should be store in clean and dry area and also sheltered from rainfall. It
should be reasonably free from corrosion, rust and other impurities, such as grease, oil and other
kind of dirt which affect the strength of reinforcement. When it’s rust we should be brushed it
b/c of many types of dirty which affect the strength of reinforcement
NB check The Bar dimeter by Verner caliper
The Bar length By Meter
The steel strength no
It’s very important that the reinforcement is made up and placed strictly in accordance with the
drawing and that is so maintained during the placing reinforcement bars overlap location. During
the arrangement of reinforcement for the construction we have different types of reinforcement
bars
Stirrups
Stirrups Serve as shear reinforcement and are tied on longitudinal reinforcement to provide
resistance against outward buckling. The stirrups are different spacing for column and beam.
Most of the time we use 6 and8 bars for stirrups. They are placed to provide diagonal shear
resistance,
in our site I sow D/t types of stirrups for column spiral, circular, rectangular, diamond etc.
Longitudinal reinforcement or +ve bar
Longitudinal bars are the vertical bars, which are in the vertical alignment within the column and
horizontal alignment in the slab and beam. They resist bending forces in beam, axial compression
in the column and bending stress in slab.
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Reinforcement placed to resist moment created by flexure, torsion, vertical load and it also
support shear reinforcement and other force longitudinal reinforcement proved resistance to
compressive and tensile lode and tensile lode with concrete.
Negative bars–
these bars is used to resist negative moment. Most of the time they are found at the support of
the beams. They are placed on 1/3 of span length from the center of the column to top, where
bending moment is maximum.
Chair Bar (Kebelto)
➢ it’s uphold the gap between upper and lower cage
➢ it supports the upper cage
➢ mostly used in solid slab and mat foundation
lapping length
There are three types of lapping length depend on position of overlap. When found at the bottom
of support lapping length is 40φ in mm, when it’s found at top of middle span lapping length
is 20φ in mm, when it’s on column 50φ in mm. Reinforcing steel can be used in the forms of the
bar that are either plain & Deformed
Ties of reinforcement
When bar diameter greater than φ8 we use double tie
When bar diameter greater than 32 it should be weld.
Type of supplies L shape tie
8 shape ties
O shape
Fig 11 Reinforcement
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Eyoel Ashagre R/Eng/0971/07
Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
9. CONCRETE WORK
concrete is made by mixture of cement, sand, aggregate, water, air and admixture if required.
The strength and quality of concrete depend not only on the quality and quantity of the materials,
but on the procedures used in combining these materials and the skill involved in the
transportation, placing, compaction, finishing and curing of concrete.
Cement: the cement powder, when mixed with water forms paste. This past acts like glue and
holds or bonds the aggregate together. It’s like binding agent
Aggregate: used for strength, resistance for cover large volume. Based on size two types of
aggregates fine and cores.
Fine Aggregate (sand): - Its size greater than 4.75mm pass aggregate e.x. crashed sand (00)
aggregate and river sand Used for to fill void b/n (filler) Coarse aggregate Its size at 25mm pass
at 20mm retied Its cover large area
Water: Water fit for drinking is generally suitable for concrete. It facilitates the spreading of
cement over the aggregate and makes the mix workable.
Admixture: -unlike cement, aggregate and water are not an essential component of the concrete
mix, but they are important and increasingly widespread component that are used to improve
certain properties of concrete.
An admixture can be defined as chemical product which is added to the concrete mix in qualities
no longer than 5%by mass of cement during mixing operation prior to the placing of concrete
for achieving specific modification to normal properties of concrete.
Type of admixture
1 retarder: - used to increase the initial setting time of concrete, mostly used in transportation
process when the concrete plan Bach is far from construction site
2 accelerators: - used to decrease initial setting time concrete, mostly used in pile casting process
when it has underground water table appear
3air entries
4 plasticizers: - used to reduce amount of water that present in mixed concrete large enough
5 super-plasticizers: - used to form concrete to jelly property during pumping process of concrete
On my site, used concrete making materials are: OPC type of cement, well graded coarse
aggregate,with good quality of sand and clean water.
MIXING OF CONCRETE
Mixing of concrete materials should be done thoroughly to ensure the uniform
distribution of materials in concrete mass & this can be judged by consistency of concrete.
Method of mix may be hand mix or mechanical (machine) mix. In our site mixing process is
done in standing mixer.
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Eyoel Ashagre R/Eng/0971/07
Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
This all is about how I was investigated on foundation work. As I mentioned I explain that, we
were used C-30 for foundation work and C-25 concrete grade for major components of structures,
and here a table for concrete material
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
CONCRETE TEST
1 SLUMP TEST
The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh concrete and water cement ratio before it
sets.it is performed to cheek the workability of fresh made concrete.it can also be used as an indicator
of an improperly mixed batch. The tools (cone) has an internal diameter of 10cm at the top and 20cm
at the bottom with height of 30cm.
Procedure for concrete slump cone tests
1.clean the slump and apply oil (releasing agent)
2 fill the cone with concrete mix in 3 approximately equal layer
3 tamp 25 times each layer by tamping rods
4 remove the excess concrete and level the surface with trowel
5 raise the cone from the concrete immediately and slowly in vertical direction.
6 measuring the distance from the top of the slumped concrete to the level of the top of the slump
cone. medium workability mixes with slump 60-90mm are typically used for normal reinforced
concrete placed.
Note. if there no thumping roads we use bar its length 60cm and its diameter 16mm.
2 CUBIC TESTS
This test used for test compressive strength of concrete
Procedure for cubic test
Arrange minimum nine (9) molds 15*15*15 size
Clean the molds and apply oil (releasing agent)
Fill the concrete in molds by three-layer approximal 5cm thick and blows 25 times by tamping rod.
Level the top surface and vibrate by table vibrator in this case vibrator used for avoiding air.
After 18-24 hrs we soak in water.
After 7,21,28 days we break this concrete cube by compression testing machine
Age strength percent
3 45
21 85
28 >95
3 HAMMER TESTS
We use this test after 28 day we finish casting the concrete to test compressive strength in Map
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Thus, retaining is a vertical member used for resisting horizontal loads, and mainly shear wall is
used for structures which are exposed to heavy loads and some environmental factors like seismic
and wind load.
Also, most of the time basement floor wall are constructed from shear wall, because under
basement the lateral earth load is much heavy thus mostly blocks cannot support and resist the load
from the lateral earth pressure.
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Eyoel Ashagre R/Eng/0971/07
Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Reinforcement work
Formwork preparation
Concrete casting
We were used a plastic substance to proofing water and plastered by heating it. And also in order
to protect the substance from scratching an extra block wall was built closed to the shear wall.
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
kracher kravat
stanga
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
15. BEAM
Beam is structural members which span horizontally, that resist loads by means of internal moments
and shear forces. There are two categories of beams depending on their positions; these are grade
beams and upper floor beams. As their name implies, the upper floor beams are the beams found
above the ground surface. This beam can be primary and secondary beam.
Primary(main) beam is a type beam that runs from column to column, in this case the load
transfer directly to the column.
Secondary (distributed) beam is a type beam that runs from beam to beam not connected to the
column, in this case the load transfer directly to the primary beam and also the primary (main)
beam transfer the load to the column.
Procedure followed to construct upper floor
➢ Tie form work
➢ Tie +Ve and –Ve bars
➢ Tie stirrups on the given c/c
➢ Check the c/c and the required bars existence
➢ Insert spacer b/n the bars and the form work
➢ Keep the form work
➢ Cast the concrete
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➢ Keep spacer
➢ Form work for the riser
➢ Cheek the required alignment
➢ Cast the concrete
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
B. SOLID SLAB
Solid slab has a depth of (13mm-23mm) and that shows beams. solid slab is high costly than
ribbed slab and heavy in weight. It requires high amount of concrete because of its high strength
and depth It is used only for the area which supports relatively high load and ground leveling of
the slab. The slab constructed in my site two way because ly/lx<2 (less than two), the
reinforcement bar arrangements into two directional and loads are transfer unequally in to
primary beam.
The Procedures on placing of suspended Beam and Slab can be summarized as follows:
C. RIBBED SLABS
It is a type of slab which uses HCB, wide bend beams running between columns and narrow
ribs. Ribbed slab can be selected for the following reasons: -
➢ Relatively light in weight and less expensive and economical.
➢ Has high capacity of sound absorbance or excellent vibration control
➢ For flexible uses of the construction
➢ Durable for low live load slab construction
In this construction site ribbed slabs are used for all the floors excluding ground floor. Hollow
block of 24mm is used but around the bathroom area 18mm of hollow blocks are use for more
dampness resistance. The U-bar used has the diameter of 6mm.
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The procedure that were used to constrict this slab are as follows
➢ The scaffoldings were erected by an appropriate height and put ply wood
➢ The beam reinforcements were placed in position
➢ Electrical, plumbing and sanitary installation
➢ U bars are constricted
➢ Negative bars were placed near the supports and Meshes the upper surface of slab
➢ Casting of mass concrete proceeds by the specified depth using a vibrator
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CHAPTER THREE
BENEFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Internship program is a method of letting the students to assume themselves as a potentially
responsible workman for a particular work by assigning them to actively participating in
construction company. And such trends help students to have valuable work experience.
Internship programs are also potentially valuable to company.
In this internship that means within these four months I observed what the outside
construction world looks like more than what I used to know when I was at school. At school I
learned or took many theoretical lessons even difficult to understand theoretically. So in this
internship period I have got opportunity to solve these difficulties. Because those things which
were theoretically difficult to understand, were not that much hard to understand when I faced it
practically.
The overall benefits of the internship are not limited to the practical skill only. I would
like to group the overall benefits in terms of different categories such as:
➢ In terms of improving practical skill
➢ In terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge
➢ In terms of improving interpersonal communication skill
➢ In terms of improving team playing skill
➢ In terms of improving leadership skill
➢ In terms of understanding about work ethics related issues
➢ In terms of entrepreneurship skill
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
a team member. This means how to accomplish site works, acting as a group or a team. Some of
the benefits that I had got in this skill
Task oriented
➢ Generating new ideas and discussing on it.
➢ Asking and sharing questions and ideas with each other about the tasks.
➢ Explaining ideas within a group
➢ Communicate each other with respectful and understandable ways.
➢ Sharing work task together.
Social role oriented
➢ Keeping communication channel open
➢ Understanding difference between the group;
➢ Appreciate the ideas of the others.
➢ Conflict management skill
➢ Accept the group idea, etc.
Generally, I can improve team-playing skill very well. This is the main skill have to be improved
in our daily life, so I got this experience for
➢ I have actually observed the method of controlling the working time and amount of work
done by each worker so that the work proceeds according to the work plan.
➢ For effective leadership I understood that personal values like confidence, effective
communication and devotion are very important.
➢ I was a witness when the Forman and supervisor responsibility to control and supervise some
activity.
Generally, the internship time helps me to get and improve the skills to be a leader. Some of
them are good speaking ability, to have the ability to listen to others, to be decisive, good
management skills and to know the subject one is working on thoroughly.
3.7 ETHICAL BEHAVIORS
The company has rules and regulations about the work ethics at work place, and this helps me to
conduct some ethical behaviors.
➢ Punctuality; I understand that I have to be punctual, because my punctuality aids other
workers to be punctual.
➢ Reliability; I understand that my reliability for the company brings me works satisfaction and
also plays a vital role for the development of the company.
➢ Efficiency; being efficient helps to decrease errors at construction and if there is no error
there will not be failure
➢ Open mindedness; open mindedness can bring a good communication with labors. This helps
for the effectiveness of the work.
3.8 ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILL
From this internship investigation, I get a knowledge about how can i become an entrepreneur
and helps me to understand job opportunities and application mechanism of the construction
sector. If I become contracts or sub – contracts
So after graduation I’m ready to invent a job opportunity and generate an income for myself and
for peoples who needs my help.
The following works are recommended for fresh graduates, because those works need a small
capital and gives a better income.
➢ HCB production
➢ Become sub- contractors
➢ Cobble stone works.
➢ Construction equipment’s rent
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 CONCLUSION
I think it would be fair to say the internship program has been a helpful experience in exposing
us to the real engineering work. It can also be expressed as an exciting even depending upon how
excited one really is to put his theoretical knowledge into practice.
Also, this program creates an opportunity to think in what way we should learn and what type of
knowledge should we have to gather before we leave. For the students the program opens the
space to have some relation with some personnel and company. Which in turn minimize the
number of idles in the country.
These days the technology of construction industry has been improved. Consequently, modern
and new construction techniques and material usage is in practice. This has greatly required the
improvement of the work methodology. As a result, the supervision work shall also be improved.
So, it is clear that the supervisor has a big role to improve the time quality and cost controlling
in the construction industry. To implement these parameters (time, cost and quality) the
experience of the supervisor shall be carefully determined by the consultant depending on the
size and complexity of the project.
Additional to the above having this internship in this time helps us to know what will be expected
from us as civil engineers. Such us
o Being practically rich
o Being confident in theoretical knowledge
o Team working ability
o Creativity and problem-solving ability ...
Generally, the purpose of this Internship (apparent) program was to introduce students with
working condition and mostly it helps students to grasp knowledge from practicing the theory
which they have been learning in the class. This program gave us good practical skills and made
us familiar to the outside real construction world. Most the theoretical things we been leaned got
illustrated here in this program, which develops more our confidence in the theoretical
knowledge.
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4.2 RECOMMENDATION
During my internship experience period I have seen some positive and negative sides about the
internship hosting company and area of improvement of the internship program. So, I want to
raise my personal opinion to improve the internship for future students. In this part of my report
I will try to suggest some ideas for my internship hosting company and my department.
The following are the recommendations that I made to solve the problems and I hope they might
help the company:
➢ Necessary safety materials and first aid should be prepared for workers and site visitors.
➢ Poor Handling of steel (rebar) on the site the problem with drawing should be corrected.
Because each and everything must have done with only the design given unless and
otherwise it must be design again.
➢ Slump test and silt content test should be conducted on the site.
➢ Carelessness of using spacer, on keeping/storing construction materials and on batching,
mixing, pouring, placing and vibration of concrete should be stopped.
➢ All construction rules should be respected in day to day activities to avoid or reduce
different problems.
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Appendix
Site words Rough meaning
Cristy T shape like scaffold for slab and beam to keep stand the formworks
Soleta Slab
Stafa Stirrup
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Department of civil Engineering WSU/2018
Reference Book
My own internship site diary, 2010E.C
Company profile,www.bamacon engineering profile,10/11/2010 E.C, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
EBCS-2, Structural use of concrete,1995,AddisAbaba Etiopia
http://www.civileblog.com,8/12/2010E.C, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
A text book of Building Construction , Dr. Abebe Dinku Addis Ababa University , 2007 ,Addis
Ababa Ethiopia
Building construction practices , Eng Henok Asfaw, August 2015 ,Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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